Chii PCI bhazi?

Trends kukura noruzivo rwemakombiyuta zviri pachena - ndiro kubatana, anoitwa kuti vagadziri (akaderedza panhongonya) uye kubatanidza akawanda mano mune rimwe pasuru. Hapana chinoshamisa pakuti vakawanda vanoshandisa nhasi, beginners havazivi kuti bhazi PCI. Vaya vakawana nguva inotungamirwa IBM-inoenderana makombiyuta maererano 286, 386 uye nezvimwewo. Processors, hapana mubvunzo, yeuka zhinji matai siyana uye Hardware interfaces inoshandiswa makombiyuta iyoyo. Ndicho yakakurumbira 8-ikakuruma mubhazi ISA, ipapo kupera kwayo VLB (aizivikanwawo VESA), PCI bhazi, mumwe connector akazvitsaurira kuti Intel Software Modem, AGP, uye zvichingodaro. Vose, isingawanzopotswi kunze, paidiwa. Asi zvino ari motherboard chinoshamisa "urombo" - mumwe bhazi PCI Express Zvisinei, zvakasiyana kudzokororwa kwemaBhaibheri ekare chete uye zvakasiyana kwazvo chiratidzo mitsetse. Haiwa, kubhadhara kubatana kwakadaro, chaiyo, zvakakodzera pakupedzisira user. Pashure pezvose, kunyange kana iripo Somuenzaniso, yepamusoro inzwi kadhi, inova PCI-mudziyo, rinongova nzvimbo kuti kwakabatana (dzamira adapters regai kuverenga), uye kuti vatenge shanduro nokuda zvakasiyana vhiri kana, zvimwe kazhinji, enda mberi, zvakajeka kutadza, Integrated mhinduro. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu nowenyika nyaya kuchinjwa "ane simba," vose AGP kusvikira PCI-E.

Chii wakakurumbira kudaro bhazi PCI? Nhoroondo yaro yakatanga kusvika 1991, apo kwaita zvibereko Pentium mukirasi processor, zvakava pachena kuti chimwe 8-ikakuruma ISA haagoni kupa pamwero kunogamuchirika kuti nekuita yenhengo zvose pamwe chete. Yeuka kuti panguva iyoyo pakanga asiri DMI, kana Hyper Transport, uye kubatana yenhengo pamusoro motherboard kwaiitwa nokupira nehurongwa bhazi. Kunyange zvazvo kuedza zvakagadziridzwa circumvent zvinorambidzwa pasi ISA Somuenzaniso, uye kwaiva VESA bhazi, asi nokuda zvinorambidzwa havafaniri kurarama.

Muna 1992, Intel PCI bhazi wakatangwa shanduro 1.0 iri pachena mureza. Its wachi maitikiro kukuru panguva 33 MHz (izvo Frequency scaling nyore CPU), zvichienderana Hardware Implementation, kutsigira 32 kana 64 matomu (zvichienzaniswa 8-ikakuruma ISA). The voltage date Mitsetse akanga 5 uye 3,3, uye bandwidth raiva 133 MB. Chikurukuru, uye, yave inotsigira Plug & Play (jumper kure!).

paiva nani shanduro 2.0 muna 1993.

The PCI bhazi awana mukurumbira dzakawanda kubvira 1995 (shanduro 2.1). Zvichienderana Implementation kakawanda akanga 66 MHz. Kana tichishandisa 64 ikakuruma musiyano wezvinyorwa akakwanisa kuburikidza ichi tai chinja 533MB. Windows 95 vakapindira, pakupedzisira, kuti zvakazara nechokwadi akarurama nokushanda PCI Namano Plug & Play michina. Signal mitsetse ndibvumirei kutama kubva 5V kuti 3.3V

Next zvakanga akasunungurwa dzokororo 2,2 - 3.0. Connector mu shanduro 2,2 aiva "kiyi" kuti inoperera kugadzwa kuchipesana mano voltage. Ndima anopfuurira 2.3 kusvika 3,3 V, saka kushandisa kwakadaro mano mushanduro kuti 2.1 (5) kunoguma kukuvara makadhi uye dzimwe nguva tai. Mugore 3.0 shanduro 5 V hakuchisina kushandiswa.

Muna 1997, kuti PCI aifanira kaviri kumusoro chete Intel AGP bhazi rave kusunungurwa video, vakakoniwa vaite zvinogona pamusoro PCI.

Zvino PCI bhazi, sepakutanga akataura, iri zvinenge kumboshandisa, ne kwayo mutsivi - PCI Express. The Software kugadzirisa mashandiro ndiyo chete, asi muviri Implementation kwave kuchiita kuchinja. Kuwanda conductors, kuti uchishandisa kakawanda ichiwedzerwa rakachinjwa (pamwe kudzikira richidzidzwa). Nzira configuring kutengeserana initiators (kwakabatana mano) chiri kushanduka, vachibvumira yamunenge kuita zvikumbiro zvavo bhazi.

Zviya, pane dzimwe motherboards zvichiri kusangana PCI bhazi connector. Zvisinei, pamusoro chizvarwa kutsigirwa chipset uye processor havasi kutaura - iyi nzira Implementation anoshandisa chaiyo Chip ndiye zambuko kuti redirects zvikumbiro kuna PCI PCI Express.