Dambudziko rezvemari muChina

Nhepfumi yenyika inokura nenzira imwecheteyo sezvakanyanyogadziriswa nehupfumi hwezve nyika, izvo zvinosanganisira. Zvakasikwa kuti zvakabatana, uye kana chimwe chinhu chichiitika mune imwe nyika, zvino zvinokanganisawo vamwe. Izvo zvinodhaka zvehupfumi hwenyika nhasi zvinonzi China, asi mamwe maitiro asina kunaka ari kana kuti anotanga kuratidza zvishoma nezvishoma, anozvidzivisa zita iri. Nyika iyi yakagara isingafadzi mari yezvematongerwo enyika nemaviri- mazana ekuwedzera kwekukura, uye munyaya ino tichanzwisisa kuti chii chakaitika, izvo zvakakonzera izvi uye kuti chii chichazoitika kana dambudziko rekuChina rinowanikwa.

Parizvino hupfumi hweChina

Pasinei netafura yezviri mukati menyaya yacho, huwandu hwekuwedzera kweGDP muChina ndiyo yakakura munyika yose. Panguva imwecheteyo, GDP per capita yakapetwa kaviri kupinda muRussian Federation, iyo yakawanda inogadzirisa kuchinja kwezvemari kweChina kusvika kuSiberia.

MuChinese, nhamba yakawanda yezvigadzirwa uye zvivako zvekugadzira zvenyika zvakanyanyisa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuzvishandura kuva nyika ine huwandu hwakakwirira hwemaguta. Kuwedzerwa kwekugadzirwa kwacho kwainyanya kushandiswa nemari shoma uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvinotarisirwa, izvo zvinorambidza kushambadzira kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvisiri nyore kune zvemagetsi (zvisingashamisi pasi zvinhu). Asi nezvose zvinyorwa zvakawanda, 28% chete yezvinhu zvose zvakagadzirirwa zvinowanikwa kumisika yepamusha. Zvose zvinowedzera kutengeserana. Hatifaniri kukanganisa chokwadi chokuti murairo uye hutungamiri hwehurongwa huripo huri munyika, kunyange huine zvimwe zvemisika.

Maitiro ehupfumi hweChina akabudirira sei

Nhau yemafungiro asina kunaka haazombokwanisi pasina kutaura nezvekuti hupfumi hwakatanga sei. Nheyo dzehupfumi hwemazuva ano dzakaiswa pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, apo Soviet Union yakabatsira zvikuru Communist China. Nokufamba kwenguva, apo ukama hwaiva pakati pavo hwakaderera, vekutanga vakaedza kufamba nenzira yavo, asi nekuda kwekukundikana kwakasarudza kuvimba kune teknolojia yekunze. Vakawanda vavo vakawanikwa zvisina kutenderwa - kuburikidza nembavha, vamwe vakadzikinurwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Iko yechitatu yekugadzirwa kwaive iri munharaunda yeChina, uye nekufamba kwenguva yakatanga kubudisa zvakanyatsoitika "izvo" zvayo.

Pakupera kwema1980, dambudziko rakavapo munyika, iro rinogona kukundwa naDeng Xiaoping. Kubvira panguva iyoyo kusvika nhasi, China iri kuwedzera, sezvo yakagamuchira zita re "locomotive yezvemari", pasinei nekusvika kwenhamo ye systemic yenyika. Saka chii chinetso chemazuva ano chiri muChina?

Ndezvipi zvinokonzera kubuda kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka zvemari?

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ndiani ane simba. Ichokwadi ndechokuti nyika uye hupfumi hwayo inotongwa nevakuru vakuru vane ruzivo rwakanyanya. Nokudaro, mhinduro dzinodiwa dzinouya nekumwe kunonoka. Uyewo, inofanira kuonekwa uye kuwedzerwa kudarika kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa pamusoro pezvinopedzwa, izvo zvinotungamirira kune imwe nzvimbo yehurumende isina kusimba.

Kutaura kunofanirwawo kuitwa nemamiriro ezvinhu nevashandi vehutungamiri vemabhizimisi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti pasi pehurumende iripo, kusagutsikana kwezvinhu zvakarongwa hachisi chinhu chinorumbidzwa, saka vatungamiri vakawanda vanongororesa mikana nekubudirira dzimwe nguva kana kunyange kakawanda.

Dambudziko iri dambudziko here?

Pasinei nemafungiro akataurwa pamusoro apa, munhu anofanira kunyatsofunga kana zvichibvira kudana izvo zviri kuitika mumutengo weChina mudambudziko. Izwi rakanakisa rinotsanangura zviri kuitika ndekupera. Inoreva uwandu hwehupfumi hwahwo huri kukura uye huchienderera mberi nemigumisiro. Uyewo, kuparara kunowanzoti harbinger yedambudziko, asi richiri kure.

Chikamu chekuvaka chemupfumi

Zvingava zvisingasviki kuti uende pamusoro pezvikamu zvikuru zvinokonzera zvinetso zvemazuva ano zveChina kana kuti zvingaita munguva inotevera. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakadai dzekukuvadza ndiko kuvaka. Zvechokwadi, huwandu hweChina hwakawanda uye dzose dzinofanirwa kupiwa dzimba. Asi kazhinji yakavakwa munzvimbo dzakadai kuti kune vanhu vashomanana vanoda kuendako. Izvi zvinotungamirira pakuonekwa kwezvisina maturo maguta. Pasinei nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakajeka, chivakwa chinoenderera mberi nechepamusoro-soro uye nokukurumidza, nokuti inotsigira mhepo yakakura yemashambagitari, basa rekugadzirwa kwekrete uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuvaka, izvo zvinoita kuti hupfumi huwedzere. Kana iri muchikwata chekuvaka kugadzirisa kurongeka uye kumira kusina kumisa kuvaka, saka, maererano nezvimwe zvinofungidzira, kuwedzera kwekuChina kwekuwanda kuchasvika kune zvishoma zvido.

Kubudisa kunze kwezvinhu zveChinese

Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, 28% chete yemishonga yakabudiswa muChina inopedzwa nevagari venyika, uye zvimwe zvose zvinotengeswa. Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti nyika zvakare igare yakafanana nehupfumi hwenyika uye nyika imwe neimwe, iyo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Zvechokwadi, munyaya yematambudziko epasi rose, hupfumi hahuzoputsi, sezvo vamwe vateereri vezvematongerwo enyika vasina zvivako zvekutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, uye vachafanira kuramba vachizotenga. Asi nekubatana kwakakodzera uye makore akawanda ekushanda zvakaoma kwenyika-vatengi vekutengeserana, vanogona kugadzira nzvimbo yakakwana. Zvadaro China inogona kuwira mumugodhi wezvemari, ibve mairi ichave yakaoma zvikuru.

Kukosha kwekugadzirwa kwemhuka kune zvose zvakagadzirwa

Kunyatsoteerera kunofanirwa kuongororwa kwehuwandu hwekushandisa munyika, nokuti chiratidzo ichi chinopa humwe hugadzikane uye kugutsikana kwehupfumi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kushandiswa kwekumba kunowedzera zvakasimba kune mutorwa wokune dzimwe nyika, nokuti vatengi vemunharaunda havakwanise kuchinja panguva iyoyo mutengesi. Uyezve, kana kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwekumba kwaive kwakanyanya, zvinoreva kuti vagari venyika ivo pachavo vakapfuma, iyo, iyo yakaitawo, yakaita kuti kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwehurongwa uye kuderedza kuvepo kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma munyika. Vatungamiri vechiChinese vave vachinyanya kunetseka pamusoro pechiratidzo ichi mumakore achangopfuura uye vari kutsvaga imwe nheyo, asi inotanga kusvika kare kutonga kushanda kwayo.

Stock uye mari yemari yeChina

Zvichida chikamu ichi chechinyorwa chichava chikuru. Kusangana kwematambudziko emari muChina kune mazhinji ekuratidzwa kwayo, izvo zvinoita kuti kusaremekedzwa kusina maturo. Pakutanga, tinofanira kutaura pamusoro penhamo yechikwereti, iyo gore negore inoshungurudza vashandi vezvematongerwo enyika. Ichokwadi ndechekuti muChina kune chikwereti chikuru chekushandisa pamba. Saka, zvikwereti zvakapiwa kuChinese zvakakwanisa kuwana zvakapetwa kaviri zvakakosha zvemugadziri wekodzero yenyika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, izvi zvinotungamirira kune nhamba inowanzonzi "yakaipa" zvikwereti, izvo zvichange zvakaoma kudzoka kana kuti kwete kubhadhara zvachose. Mune mamwe mazwi, mune hupfumi hwakawanda seChinese, guru guru rekukwereta rakasikwa, iro maererano nezvimwe ruzivo rinogona kuita kuti kuwa kuenzaniswe nedambudziko re2008 , uye kukonzera dambudziko rebhangi muChina uyezve pasi.

Uye mazwi mashomanana pamusoro pemusika wekutengesa. Muchikamu chechipiri nechetatu, munhu wese akanzwa nezvematambudziko ehupfumi emusika wekutengesa, uyo wakawira kunze semuedzo wenyika. Dambudziko raro guru nderokuti riri munzvimbo yekusimudzirwa pakati pekutonga kwehurumende uye yemusika. Uyewo pakati pezvinokonzera kusagutsikana, izvo zvakataurwa panguva iyoyo, munhu anofanira kutaura nezvekuvharwa kwemashoko pamusoro pekambani, pamwe nekushaya kukwanisa kuvona dhegi rakapiwa yekutevedzera zvazviri. Dambudziko rezvikwata muChina rine zvishoma zviratidzo zvichienderana nekuti shanduko yekutengesa iduku. Chii chingave chakaitika kudai chaiva chiyero cheNew York Stock Exchange, kunyange kufunga zvakashata, nokuti izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukoromoka kwekutengeserana kweimwe nyika pamusana pedzimba.

Upenyu hukuru hwehupfumi hwenyika

Muzhinji, China yakagadzirirwa kuderera kwehupfumi, ichiri kusakwanisa. Pasinei nemafungiro akawanda asina kunaka uye matambudziko emagariro, chikamu chezvemari munyika ino chinoramba chichikura nokukurumidza. Uyewo, mumwe munhu haafaniri kutora mari yakawanda yemari, kunze kwekuedza kuronga nzira dzakakura dzese, dzakadai sebhanga reAsia. Tinogona kungoona zvisarudzo zvehurumende yeChinese uye, mumamiriro ezvinhu anokodzera, tinobatsirwa isu pachedu, tichicherechedza zvikonzero zvinoitika zvedambudziko muChina, kuitira kuti tisadzokorora isu pachedu.