The akanyanya kupisa pamwedzi Antarctica. The tembiricha iri Antarctic pamwedzi

Masayendisiti, vatsvakurudzi forecasters jokingly kunzi Antarctica "ekunze kicheni" nokuti yose nyika. Vanachiremba vanoziva chaizvo apo mamiriro zvakawanda kana zvishoma akanakira kufamba pedyo yeSouth Geographic Pole. Vanhuwo zvavo kazhinji tinokanganiswa: "Chii Southern Arctic Circle ndiwo mwedzi akanyanya kupisa? In Antarctica mune razero tembiricha? ". Kuti tinzwisise zviri kuitika "ekunze kicheni" hakusi nyore, pano zvose zvakasiyana, kwete kufanana nedzimwe makondinendi.

map White anova nyore

20-ies pamusoro XIX remakore ariko kunyika pedyo South Pole, masayendisiti nharo uye nevafambi. Vazhinji ndokutenda akakurumbira aiongorora John. Cook, akati zvatisingagoni nzvimbo kumaodzanyemba 71 ° S. W. Russian rwendo kuna Antarctica mu "East" ngarava uye "Rugare" January 20, 1820 akavhura zvisingazivikanwi nyika, pasinei zvakawanda sezvisingakundiki nezvipingamupinyi. Pashure pemakore 120, akatanga kushanyira rokutanga Antarctic mumvura, zvakatorera mumwe makore 50 kuti kukura itsva nzvimbo dzokugara.

Mazana adventurers vanotumwa gore negore kuti kondinendi chena. Nzendo uye Tours zvinoitiswa kupfuura zvakanaka nguva gore iri Southern Hemisphere. "Uye chii akanyanya kupisa mwedzi mu Antarctica?" - vavhiringidzika mufaro vanhuwo zvavo. Chokwadi, zvose kuchikoro okunze pakati kumaodzanyemba makondinendi, apo chando yedu - chirimo ichi. Kutaura chaizvo mwedzi zvakanaka kuti kuratidzwa kuna South Pole, vakawanda vanowana zvakaoma.

Antarctica uye kweArctic - zvakapesana maviri

Muchidimbu nenzvimbo mazwi. zita rake rotsvakwa kunyika kumaodzanyemba kweArctic. Iri ndiro shoko nechokuchamhembe polar latitudes Nyika, echiGiriki mavambo, kunopiwa nzvimbo renyeredzi Ursa Major. Weather pamusoro vokuNorth Pole kwenguva refu nguva yakaramba isingazivikanwi, nokuti nzira vatsvakurudzi XVIII-XIX remakore kusvika ndaviga pfungwa Coordonatele 90 °. W. akarwiswa nemvura inotonhora penyanza, chando uye chando.

The ndima rwezasi, pakatarisana rwokumusoro polar nharaunda, yainzi "Ant (s) Arctic", kuti kondinendi - Antarctica. The South Pole riri pedyo nepakati kondinendi. Geographical Coordinates iyi pfungwa - 90 ° S. W.

The Kumaodzanyemba uye coldest kondinendi

The utsinye okunze kumaodzanyemba Latitude 70 ° S. W. Ini vaimudana "subantarctic" uye "Antarctic". Mugore, nani kudziyirwa vakakwira vakasununguka echando uye chando nechepamusoro nzvimbo pamahombekombe, ari oases. In chando, pamhenderekedzo uye kuchamhembe chikamu Antarctic Peninsula tembiricha akafanana arctic mapazi kuchamhembe hemisphere (-10 kusvika -40 ° C). Summer muna Antarctica, unogona kuwana yakawanda muvhu pakati muzvitsuwa kungoti kwindi, apo lämpömittari hunopfuura 0 ° C.

The okunze Antarctica:

• Winter kunotora June kusvika August ndiyo coldest nguva.
• Average July tembiricha neeSultan pakati -65 ° uye -75 ° C.
• Summer kunotanga December uye kunotora kusvikira February.
• The tembiricha dziri rinobuda kubva -50 kusvika -30 ° C.
• The akanyanya kupisa pamwedzi Antarctica - January.
• Polar zuva kunotora September kusvika March. Zuva pamusoro mujengachenga, akasimba kudziyisa pemvura.
• Anenge mitanhatu usiku hwapfuura, rinovheneka yakajeka kupenya pakati Aurora.

Climate kure negungwa nzvimbo

Antarctica - the yakaoma, apo nguva dzose Meteorological zvaanorumbidza vakatanga pashure pane ari makondinendi navanhu. Special nzeve vanoona nezvemamiriro ekunze mumakore 50-60 Makore kushandisa mashoko vakawana panguva nhepfenyuro dziri uye kumahombekombe chikamu kondinendi chena. The coldest kumatunhu - kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, uko avhareji tembiricha anenge -60 ° C. Kunonyanyisa tembiricha munzvimbo "East" chiteshi ndiyo -13.6 ° C (16 December 1957). Paavhareji tembiricha kubva April kusvika September - pazasi -70 ° C.

Okunze panguva South Pole zvishoma manyoro, chikamu ichi kondinendi pedyo nemhenderekedzo. Weather mashoko ari batanidza 90 ° S. W. unganidza vashandi of American chechitima "Amundsen - Scott," ainzi mu kukudzwa "pamusoro polar kumatunhu Napoleon" Norwegian Roald Amundsen uye mumwe akawana South Pole - wokuEngland Robert Scott. Umbwa muna 1956, panhepfenyuro panguva South Pole uye zvishoma nezvishoma "kukukurwa" kurutivi pamhenderekedzo. Antarctica ane chimiro nzvimbo yacho rechando zvishoma nezvishoma nemasiraidhi pasi kubva pakati kusvika kumucheto, apo zvidimbu ake pasi yayo uremu kwemasikati, achawira munyanza. In yechando muruwa yemapurisa "Amundsen - Scott" lämpömittari zvinoratidza -60 ° C, muna January harwuwire pazasi -30 ° C.

Okunze pamhenderekedzo Antarctica

Muzhizha pamhenderekedzo nyanza uye makungwa dzakapoteredza kondinendi Kumaodzanyemba, inodziya zvikuru kupfuura Continental munharaunda. Pamusoro Antarctic Peninsula iri warm mhepo iri December-February kusvika +10 ° C. Paavhareji January tembiricha iri +1,5 ° C. In yechando, July zvinoreva tembiricha pamwedzi iri akatura kuna -8 ° pamhenderekedzo iri Antarctic Peninsula kuti -35 ° C - munzvimbo dzakapoteredza Ross Glacier. Rimwe okunze anomalies yakaoma - chando wemari mhepo nokukurumidza rinosvika kumahombekombe 12-90 m / chik (madutu). Kusanaya sezvo mukuru tembiricha iri Antarctica - isingawanzowanikwi chinoshamisa. Mostly mwando anowana pamusoro kondinendi iri muchimiro chando.

Antarctica - "multi-polar" kondinendi

"Pole pamusoro Inaccessibility" - ndiro zita yakagadzirwa yake Russian polar yemapurisa. Soviet rwendo kuenda Antarctica kuitisa kwesainzi muna 82 fung kwakafanana akaoma kufamba yemakomo nzvimbo yacho.

On the yakaoma, pane "Pole pakati Cold" - ane nzvimbo kutsvakurudza of Antarctic "Vostok" chiteshi, makasimbiswa munguva Soviet. Pane rakanyoreswa tichibatsirwa pasi-inobva zvishandiso ndiyo yakaderera munhoroondo Meteorological zvaanorumbidza mhepo tembiricha: -89,2 ° C (1983).

Vanotsvakurudza kubva US, vakabata Satellite data, akaedza pakushora "chinyorwa" Russian yemapurisa. VokuAmerica December 2013 yakashuma kuti ari coldest nzvimbo Panyika ari munzvimbo "Musigg Fuji" chiteshi kuva Japan. Mhedziso Minimum tembiricha kuna Antarctica aiva -91,2 ° C, iyo inowanikwa nenzira Satellite.

Antarctica - a kumumvuri yenyika "multipolar" pasina pamiganhu uye maoko nhangemutange. Utongi pamutemo International kutaurwa muna 1961. The yakaoma uye pedyo chikamu nyanza hadzisi kusvika States mapato chibvumirano uye aiona nyika, vanogona chete basa kwesainzi.

Zvokuita ari akanyanya kupisa pamwedzi Antarctica uye kweArctic

Research North uye South mapango, nekondinendi chena kumaodzanyemba uye chando kweArctic yagara mugove vakashinga uye anoshivirira. Nhasi munyika mune vanhu vakawanda akashanyira Antarctica anopfuura 100 nguva. Vamwe mufambiro tsvakurudzo, vamwe anopa Accessibility, kuchengeteka, zvinopa zvokurapa rubatsiro.

Zvinonzi kungoramba vaya vanoenda mhiri Antarctic Circle kunotsvaka naka zvakaitika. Tours Antarctica pakutanga kuaona sokuti sendarama opportunism. Kutaura zvazviri, ndege zvose, Diving uye excursions vakagadzirira panguva soro chechetere. masayendisiti Consultants tsigira-polar vakashandisa dzinopwanya aizi, ongororo midziyo.

Peak "mwaka" iri polar nharaunda

Kurasikirwa Vols kana gungwa rwendo kuti North uye South mapango, kwemitengo yezvinhu pakuronga nzendo regai kumisa ano adventurers. Kupfupisa akakurumbira richiti superintendent firimu "Operation" Y "uye dzimwe adventures Shurik." Zvino hwakawanda ngarava vakatakura vashanyi "vofamba" kweArctic uye Antarctic. Zuva rava pedo kana vachava zvakawanda. "High Mwaka 'panguva South Pole inotanga muna December uye kunotora kusvikira January. Panguva ino uropi nani yakavhenekerwa zuva, unouya kukwirira chirimo.

Okunze panguva North Pole inodziya kupfuura South. Okunze inobvawo pane imwe duku kurereka pakona kwezuva pamusoro mujengachenga, zvikuru tichifungisisa chando uye chando nezvaanogona. The tembiricha iri yechando pakati December uye February uye muzhizha kubva June kusvika August kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura muna Antarctic. Paavhareji tembiricha munguva yechando muna North Pole ndiye -30 ° C. Zvinowanzoitika nyungudika (-26 ° C), kutonhora (-43 ° C). Paavhareji zhizha tembiricha - anenge 0 ° C.

Pane "mavara machena" muna Antarctica

Chizvarwa Discovery akapedza makore 20 apfuura, S. V. Obruchev - mwanakomana musayendisiti, mufambi uye munyori V. A. Obrucheva ( "zvemaumbirwo kweSiberia", "Sannikov Nyika"). Sergey Obruchev nezvokumwe "mavara machena" wokupedzisira Eastern Siberia uye Chukotka. Panguva iyoyo chikamu chikuru Antarctica achiri havaratidzi kunzwisisa.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, vaongorori vakawana chando ukobvu uye zvechadenga subglacial zororo, vakaunganidza kwemashoko akazara ekunze. Closed akagadzirwa "makwapa chena" pamusoro kondinendi wechitanhatu, asi zasi kondinendi polar achiri anochengeta zvizhinji wezvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika. For vafambi farira akanyanya kupisa mwedzi mu Antarctica - chiitiko chitsva, mukana kuona isingawanzowanikwi mhuka uye kuita akasiyana nemamwe mifananidzo.

kana ngozi rwendo kuna Southern Arctic Circle

Mishumo kana pakava ezvinhu kuvashanyi muna Antarctica kuitika, asi kashoma. Somuenzaniso, nemhenderekedzo ari Antarctic Peninsula yakanga rakabayirwa muaizi Russian mudziyo "Kapitan Khlebnikov" muna November 2009. Pakati vakatakurwa dzacho vashanyi uye vashandi kubva UK. Chikonzero kumisa mamiriro simbi ekunze, asi rekukwazisa kumiswa, chikepe akakwanisa kutiza "pakutapwa White". Russian aizi pamwe Chirungu revashanyi broadcasters vakaita muchikepe mumwe rwendo munzvimbo yacho Weddell Sea (West Antarctica).

Map of kondinendi uye Antarctic Peninsula, anopa pfungwa yokuti nzvimbo gungwa, asi chete vezvikepe ruzivo vangarega dare pakati icebergs. Muna December 2013 kukukurwa chando rwakamira Russian mudziyo "Akademik Shokalsky". Vakatakurwa akabviswa akwira wokuAustralia aizi pakutanga January 2014.

Tour kuna Antarctica - soro chikamu adrenaline inopiwa

Maererano nevaongorori muna Antarctica, yacho yakakodzera sangano kufamba kwokunakidzwa, kufamba, imbwa sledding nezvimwe Outdoor mabasa. History of gungwa kufamba kwokunakidzwa muna Antarctic ane makore anopfuura 90. Muna 1920, ivo enterprising varidzi zvikepe vakatanga kutora mungarava vashanyi okutanga vanoda vapupurire kondinendi chena. Mari kufamba kwokunakidzwa ano uye dzimwe achienda nemahombekombe Antarctica uye South Pole anobva 5,000 kusvika 40.000 madhora. Tour mutengo anoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda, kwete mudukusa basa reDare kunzwisisa kwakaita nzira, kushanyira perekedza.