The chikuru genera mabhuku uye Genres

All mabhuku mabasa, zvichienderana zvainyanya chokurondedzera uye munyori wacho nzvimbo chokuita raimiririra, rakakamurwa madzinza. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo uyewo rakakamurwa Genres.

Mumabhuku ongororo, zvinotevera inokosha basa mabhuku: paakaita, lyric, mutambo, mune zvimwe zviitiko, vari akawedzera kwavari asi uye lyric-paakaita Genres. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo, tichataura zvikuru gare gare munyaya.

Epos - nzira kuona zviitiko kubva

Panguva iyoyo, Aristotle vakati nyaya inogona kupedzwa kana chinhu vakanyarara kubva pachako (epos), kana zvakananga kubva kwamuri (Lyrics), kana zvikasadaro kuisa nyaya mumuromo magamba (mutambo). Kunyange zvazvo, Chokwadi, tsanangudzo iyi ishoma zvikuru, zviri pamwero zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zvinodiwa zvinokosha kuparadzana kwemarudzi Kunstwerke.

The nhatu dzinonyanya mhando mabhuku, sezvinoita mutemo, tanga kutamira Epic, inova mufananidzo chinangwa weboka zviitiko kutora nzvimbo tisingatungamirirwi nemunyori. Anoshanda ari mabasa akadai, sezvo mutemo, ive kunze mucherechedzi uye pereskazchika. Kunyange kune wokutanga-munhu Aisanganisira munyori anotora chinzvimbo pachinhu zvakaitika izvo chinopfuudzwa kare - nokudaro vakaramba vanonzi "kure paakaita".

Kumhanya yakakura nhoroondo iri nguva dzose unhurried uye kukura sezvo paakaita tichingoda kunyatsoita. Izvi, Sezvineiwo, kazhinji kupindira pagadzirwe inozivikanwa enganonyorwa pachikuva sezvo zvizere chinyorwa zvinotevera kuti mutambo kutarisira refu.

Huru Genres yakakura kugamuchirwa nyaya, enganonyorwa, nyaya pfupi uye essays. To epos anogona kunzi, uye mabasa ngano - Ngano, ngano, epics uye nziyo dzakaitika.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro makuru paakaita Genres

The chikuru genera mabhuku, Sezvambotaurwa, akakamurwa Genres, uye huru kupfuura epics ndiyo paakaita yokufungidzira. Kazhinji anofukidza imwe nhoroondo nguva uye rinosanganisira vakawanda storylines kuti piringisha nemumwe (LN NdiTolstoy "Hondo uye Rugare" kana M. A. Sholohov "Akanyarara Kunoyerera kuti Don").

Shure naye pamusoro hombe kuti yokufungidzira. Genre ichi zvinosanganisira vakawanda kutaurwa uye storylines. Kunyange Somuenzaniso, mazuva ano mutikitivha enganonyorwa Kazhinji mutsetse akadaro mumwe chete.

Mumabhuku, pane akawandisa okunatsiridza anonzi Genre - mhuri, zvemagariro, munhukadzi, ingano, zvokufungidzira, mutikitivha nyaya, uye zvichingodaro ..

On duku paakaita Genres

Basic basa mabhuku uye anoratidza chiduku paakaita Genres. Izvi zvinosanganisira nganonyorwa (zviri nani avhareji panyaya Genre), iro rinonyanya, sezvo mutemo mumwe mugumo, kana chiitiko chete.

Nyaya iri kuti, nenzira, runoonekwa wechiduku paakaita Genre (akatanga kutora chimiro chete pakutanga rechi19 c.), Zviri nyaya imwe yechiitiko paupenyu gamba. Very zvakafanana chimiro kuti nyaya iri yokufungidzira ano.

In mabhuku ano kutaura aparadzane pamusoro rondedzero. Nhoroondo mairi, sezvo kusiyana nyaya kana yokufungidzira, yakavakirwa muvhidhiyo uchapupu. Zvisinei, pakati ose Genres anotaurwa pane zvakawanda zvenguva siyana.

Musaora zvavo mukurumbira uye rengano - Nyaya vemungano vatambi vane kwairayirwa Kupinda masimba emashiripiti. A ano rungano ane zvishoma kufanana achabatira, sezvo zvakasimba chokuita obscheliteraturnogo dzenzvimbo uye kuitika.

An paakaita dzinza ndezvechokwadiwo nevakawanda mazuva ano Genres, chinosetsa anecdotes, anecdotes, mifananidzo uye essays.

lyrical Genres

Mumwe vatatu chikuru mhando mabhuku - nhetembo - vakasiyana nevamwe ayo subjectivity uye mwero kufarira vechinyorwa nyika. Nokuti iniwo dzinoratidzwa kwakawedzera emotionality, chido haana kuratidza zviitiko, uye pachake atinoitwa pavo. By hunhu manzwiro aya akawanda lyrical Genres: ode (yakatarwa kurumbidza chinhu nhetembo), imwe elegy (a lyrical kufungisisa tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma upenyu) uye satire (kumupomera, hasha basa).

Asi vadetembi ano, sezvo ivo pachavo vachiti, nyora nhetembo - kureva mabasa akaoma kana zvisingaiti zvakasimba anonzi chero Genre.

Mukati nekunze mumutambo

Hegel, kuedza kudzamisa weboka dzataurwa nokuda Aristotle nokuda huru genera mabhuku, akatsanangura kuti panguva mwoyo mutambo ndiwo kwetunhu lyric uye yakakura. Mushure vose mutambo, kubva ake nemaonero - iri kunetsana kunobva munhu zvido, izvo iyi aiva tisingazvinyeperi kuitika chiitiko.

Uye chikuru runoratidza mumutambo chayo ndechei kwete nyaya uye anoratidza (live mufananidzo) of pamamiriro ezvinhu. Copyright kutanga zviri zvachose ndisipo, uye kana ari yakakura kuitisa nhaurirano - ichi inongova imwe nzira Kuziviswa gamba, mutambo wenyika nhaurirano kazhinji chete nzira kutsanangura nayo.

Izvi Kuchinja kumikidzo zvinoguma akachinja zvikuru chigadzirwa mamiriro. Saka, zvinoramba zvichitowedzera kukosha gobvu vatambi, yakanatswa, accentuated kupfuura yakakura, mune chokwadi nazvo anosika zvakafanira kunoshamisa makakatanwa. The pedyo maererano akati Genre yemitambo unoitawo rakakura basa - mutambo nguva dzose zvinoshamisa, izvo, sezvinei, ndekwokuda yaidzorwa uye ukuru hwaro.

Asi chete kududzira mumutambo sezvo rugwaro pakururamisa chaizvo kururama. The Genre anoramba kukanganisa kwayo pamusoro muverengi uye kwete kuita pachikuva uye, pamwe yemitambo, ndiyewo munhu anodzidza upenyu.

Genre mutambo

The chikuru genera mabhuku, sezvaungaona, vane Genres dzavo. Ndaiva asingasiyi mupfungwa iyi, uye mutambo. Kupfuura unoshamisa uye kare kukosha Genres kunoshamisa taigara dambudziko uye Comedy.

Dambudziko iri mufananidzo vasingawirirani kurwisana, izvo kazhinji zvinouraya zvakasikwa hakudzivisiki uye kazhinji rinopera rufu gamba.

Comedy kunoratidzwa chinosetsa enyambo yokusvika kuratidzwa chokwadi uye yakananga kunetsana. In Genre ichi haasi vasingawirirani uye, sezvo mutemo, akabvumirwa zvakanaka. Kusiyanisa mutambo sitcom vatambi uye kwakavakirwa kunobva enyambo. Muchiitiko chokutanga - hazvina musoro vatambi, apo rechipiri - ezvinhu avanenge pachavo. kwemarudzi aya comedies kazhinji synthesized.

By Genre dikidiki panguva mutambo anogona kunzi farce - akataura, nemaune enyambo pfungwa - uye vaudeville ane cheesy anosetsa nyaya.

Drama - zvakare kunoshamisa Genre

The chikuru genera mabhuku anosanganisira mutambo kwete chete semhuri, asi uyewo Genre. Its kupararira, iye akapiwa 18 -19 CC., Zvishoma nezvishoma displacing pachavo nenjodzi. Drama inechirevo unopinza kurwa, asi hazvina kudaro yose uye saka hakusi chisingadzivisiki, sezvo ari munjodzi.

Pakati basa iri vari ukama anozivisa wacho uye nzanga. Zvarongwa naHerodhi, sezvinoita mutemo, musoro chaizvo - nekuda ichi, akava aitungamirira Genre iri repertoire mitambo kukwikwidzana akakurumbira chaizvo mutambo munguva yedu.

Drama ane mhando zhinji: mupfungwa, kwouzivi zvemagariro, munhoroondo, rudo, etc ...

Chii lyric-paakaita Genres

In zvedzidzo mabhuku pfungwa Genre ikarapwa ndeve imwe boka nokunyora mabhuku, izvo vakabatanidzwa zvakafanana zvinhu. Genres, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, vari yakaumbwa mukati genus, vachiva sokunge musimboti chaiye Generic zvinhu.

Asi zvichida kuvapo chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvenguva Genres, izvo zvinogona nokubatanidza vaviri kana vatatu mhando huru mabhuku uye ayo mhando. Nenzira dzakawanda "entanglements" izvi rinowanika pakati lyric uye yakakura, izvo anobvumira vamwe vaongorori kuti kuwedzerwa kuna aivapo zvikuru rudzi chete (wechina) - lyric uye yakakura. Kwaari vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoti nhetembo (ndima anoshanda lyrical kana rondedzero nyaya kuti anova pamusoro Zvaiitika) uye ballads (nyaya mundima chokutanga).

mugumisiro

Chokwadi, chero mabhuku, uyewo munhu anofarira kuverenga, vanoti kuti weboka huru genera uye mhando mabhuku - zvakaoma chaizvo uye vakatongerwa inaccuracy. mabasa mazhinji Ndimi nokubatanidza kiyi zviri zvakasiyana Genres, uye kunyange pakusununguka. Uye muverengi kuti basa harisi kuti patsanura navo pachena, uye kukwanisa kuona reshiyo mairi pakutanga rudzi nerimwe.

Uyewo, Genre - iwo, chaizvoizvo, kwete basa pacharo, asi nheyo dzayo zvisikwa. Ndiko, apo munyori wacho chinangwa kunyora yokufungidzira chete Genre kuti ane mu rokusika kubereka kunogona deform zvikuru ayo chikuru zvinhu uye kusunda miganhu zvipenyu, zvose nguva yayo, Somuenzaniso, chii chakaitika pamwe Pushkin kuti "Evgeniem Oneginym". okugadzira zvinhu zvechokwadi haadi pakunogumira.