The chikuru nzvimbo kwakabva anorimwa zvirimwa

Kana kuisa basa: "Call muzinda mavambo", vanhu vakawanda vasina chokuita hybridization havazokwanisi kukunda nayo. Nyaya ino ine rinotsanangura mashoko.

mazwi

Centre chakangomuka - zviri chaiwo enzvimbo "kupisa mavara". Vainyanya majini kusiyana okurima akasiyana-siyana. Centers chakangomuka kuti kurimwa zvirimwa ndivo - zvinosanganisira munzvimbo mhuka uye dzaichengetwa nezvimiro ikakura pakutanga, uye yechipiri. Vekupedzisira - the nzvimbo, iyo yakaumbwa nevanhu unozotevera Kuparadzirwa polukulturnyh, kurimwa mhando zvinomera uye zvakare kwavo maberekero.

nhoroondo mashoko

zviitiko zvakadai chirimwa, yakabuda kare kare pakatanga AD. Pakutanga, pave kwakaitika, pasinei Mhando yakapoteredza kasvisto, shanu inoona nezvenjodzi voga nzvimbo nyika. Kumboda maruva mamiriro mhando vaiedza domesticate akanga endemic munzvimbo dzakawanda. Izvi kumanikidzwa kuita kushandisa yomunharaunda kasvisto. Human budiriro mberi kwayo budiriro ... A nguva ndakajeka zvomumvura uye nyika kukurukurirana pakati vanhu vanogara siyana nenzvimbo munzvimbo. azvaiitwa aigona mhanyisa kupararira zvibereko uye mbeu endemic dzaichengetwa zvinomera. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi zvakaoma kumisa musha kwetsika mhando. Mberi domestication, iyo kwakaitika siyana nenzvimbo ezvinhu mamwe ndima, pasi nemitemo shanduka. Somuenzaniso, pamwe miti kuitika mananara zvakadai anongoitika kuberekesana, nedanga kuwedzera nhamba okutodza mune zvakasikwa kumashure hybridization. Kwave marudzi akasiyana kunotouraya.

Research mhedziso

Pahwaro hwomukova Charles Darwin pamusoro Nzvimbo nzvimbo yaigara siyana kwemarudzi vakaumba mumwe zvokuita kudzidza hybridization. Muzana XIX remakore A. of Candolle rakabudiswa tsvakurudzo yake, izvo akataura nzvimbo matangiro kurimwa zvinomera uye nharaunda yavo yepakutanga pakuonekwa. Muzvinyorwa zvake munzvimbo idzi vaiva kondinendi rakakura, uyewo mamwe pamwero mukuru munzvimbo. Kweanenge mashanu makore Bhuku Labor and Candolle ruzivo nzvimbo yaigara anorimwa zvirimwa kuwedzerwa yekudyidzana. It yakabudiswa mabhuku mashoma, iyo yakafukidza mhando zvokurima kubva kunyika dzakasiyana, uyewo zvinhu pamusoro nomumwe marudzi. Gare gare mubvunzo uyu kunzwisisa ARMENIA Vavilov. Pahwaro mashoko zvinhu enyika kasvisto yaakawana chikuru nzvimbo yaigara anorimwa zvirimwa. A dzinokwana nomwe: East Asia, Mediterranean, Central America, South Asia, South-Western Asian, muItiopiya uye Indian. In nomumwe wavo kukura kubva mumwe chikamu zvachose kwemarudzi kusiyana zvokurima mhando.

kugadzirisa

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi, vakadai A. I. Kuptsov uye PM Zhukovsky, akaramba basa N. I. Vavilova. Vakaita zvimwe kuchinja mhedziso yayo. Saka, South-West Asian centre yakakamurwa Near Eastern uye Sredneaziatsy uye Indochina uye dzinopisa India vape- sezvo vaviri vakaparadzana nenzvimbo kukoshesa. Mudziva iri Yellow River anonzi nheyo East Asian Centre. Chokutanga chaiva the yangtze River, asi Chinese ndima iyi - sorudzi mubasa zvokurima - vakagara zvikuru gare gare. New Guinea uye Western Sudan tiri kuzivikanwa sezvo nzvimbo kurima.

Cherechedza kuti zvirimwa muchero, kusanganisira orehoplodnye uye bheri une yakakura dzinogarisana. Vanoparadzira kure miganhu ndima mavambo. Fani iyi zvikuru mukuwirirana nedzidziso of Candolle kupfuura vamwe. Chikonzero dzinoruramiswa kunyanya dondo mavambo uye kwete Piedmont, izvo unoenderana kusango uye muriwo mhando. Uyewo chinokosha ndiko kusarudza. Center chakangomuka zvino kunorondedzerwa zvakanyatsojeka. Pakati pavo vane European-Siberian uye muhomwe Australian. Kuvakwa uye North America Center.

tsananguro

Kare, munhu mhando vave chakaunzwa tsika kunze huru foci. Zvisinei, nhamba yavo zviduku. Kare, chikuru nzvimbo okurima zvirimwa yekare kwainzi kuva Valley rwaNire, Yufratesi, Tigirisi, Ganges nezvimwe nenzizi huru. Maererano nokutsvakurudza kubudikidza Vavilov, mhando dzakawanda okurima akaonekwa ari dzemakomo pakati dzinodziya vematunhu, dzinopisa uye subtropics. The kwokutanga muzinda mavambo chokuita floristic kusiyana uye mararamiro ekare.

Chinese nzvimbo

nzvimbo iyi zvinosanganisira dzemakomo kumadokero uye nechepakati dzenyika, pamwe yakapoteredza yakaderera-nhema nzvimbo. Hwaro muzinda uyu Latitude vakadzikama vematunhu, riri pamusoro Yellow River. mamiriro Local vari yokusafa maitiro akadai vakadzikama kukura nguva, vakawanda kwazvo mwero hydration uye yakakwirira tembiricha muoti. The pachoto wechisikigo dzinogarisana nokuda soyabhinzi, chisina kutsetseka, bhinzi, mhunga, mapfunde, mupunga, oats, payzy, mapfunde, bhari, Tibetan nezvimwe zvirimwa zvakawanda.

South-East Asian chikamu

Indo-Malaysian mavambo agricultures pakati anotsigira kuti Indian nharaunda. Zvinosanganisira dzakadaro se Indo-China, vose Malay Archipelago, uye kuPhilippines. Hindustan uye Chinese nzvimbo yaigara anorimwa zvirimwa ine vamwe kumbochinja munharaunda iyi. mamiriro Local vanoonekwa ne vegetative-ringa, zvikuru yakakwirira mwando tembiricha. Nzvimbo wechisikigo dzinogarisana nokuda nutmeg, allspice, cardamom, orenji, bergamot, dema mhiripiri, mangosteen, betel mupengo, madota nezvimwe mhando dzakawanda.

nyika Indian

It inonziwo Hindustan pachoto uye inosanganisira Indian mamiriro Assam, Burma uye yose reIndia, kunze wokuchamhembe-vokumadokero States of India. Okunze rinokurudzira refu kukura mwaka, yakakwirira azvipire tembiricha uye mwando. Field mugumisiro ruzivo Indo-malayan muzinda. On kundima ichikura maranjisi, shuga nomudonzvo, mupunga, uye dzimwe mhando kasvisto zhinji.

Central Asian chikamu

In pakati ichi zvinosanganisira nyika Western Tiến Shan, Tajikistan, kuchamhembe Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan uye kuchamhembe-yokumadokero chikamu India. mamiriro Local vanoonekwa ne mwero nguva uswa, yakakwirira tembiricha vane simba pamwaka uye nezuva nokufamba uye pasi kwazvo mwando pamwero. nzvimbo iyi akamborara zvakasimba zvazvinoita Peredneaziatski uye Chinese nzvimbo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hazvina nzvimbo yechipiri kuti ruzhinji emarudzi muchero yemo.

Near chikamu Eastern

The pachoto riri muna Southwest Asia. nharaunda yayo inosanganisira makomo nzvimbo Turkmenistan, vose Transcaucasia, Fertile Crescent, Iran uye richienda Asia Minor. Okunze dzinoratidzwa refu kwemvura nguva, mukuru tembiricha yakaderera chaizvo mwando. nzvimbo iyi vakaona matambudziko ose Central Asia uye Mediterranean nzvimbo. Miganhu izvi foci matatu chaizvo zvakanyatsobatana, saka zviri anenge zvisingaiti kumisa.

American muzinda South chakangomuka

Nzvimbo idzi dzinosanganisira munzvimbo gomo uye yemugomo Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia uye Peru. mamiriro Local vanoonekwa ne kukwana wetting uye yakakwirira kwazvo tembiricha. Central American Center akanga ari munharaunda iyi zvimwe matambudziko.