The ehupfumi mugungwa mvura. Kwose kwose kune mugungwa, zvakafanana?

Kwenguva yakareba zvave kuzivikanwa kuti vafukidze zvakawanda penyika yedu munyanza mvura. Vose vanoumba kuramba aqueous goko, izvo chinoita kuti anopfuura 70% of nzvimbo ndege. Asi vashoma vedu kuti ehupfumi mugungwa mvura nevamwe. Vane chaizvo zvazvinoita pamusoro okunze uye zvoupfumi mabasa evanhu.

Property 1. Temperature

Ocean mvura anogona kuunganidza kupisa. Pamusoro mvura (anenge 10 masendimita zvakadzama) kuchengeta mari kwazvo kupisa. Dzaserera, gungwa rinopisa rezasi mhepo, mauri avhareji tembiricha mhepo yenyika +15 ° C. Kana redu kwaisava kumakungwa, paavhareji tembiricha haawanzotauri dzakasvikira -21 ° C. Zvakaratidza kuti nokuda mano nyanza kuchengetera kupisa takawana hwomutambarakede uye unodziya nyika.

Thermal ehupfumi mugungwa mvura siyana discontinuously. The nenharo pamusoro rukoko iri zvishoma nezvishoma yakavhenganiswa nemvura kwakadzama, zvichiguma kudzika mamita anoverengeka ari rakapinza tembiricha donhwe, uye ipapo anowira zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pasi. Deep mvura nyanza vane ndezvomuzana chete tembiricha kuyerwa pazasi mamita zviuru zvitatu yemanyorero anoratidza kubva +2 kusvika 0 ° C.

Kana pemvura, tembiricha kwavo kunobva Latitude. The idenderedzwa pezvakaita nyika kunotema rekona pakati kuitika chezuva pamusoro pemvura. Pedyo neequator, zuva anopa zvakawanda kupisa kupfuura panguva namatanda. Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo penyanza mvura Pacific Ocean vari zvakananga novimba avhareji tembiricha zviratidzo. The pemvura rukoko ane chikuru avhareji tembiricha, riri kupfuura +19 ° C. Izvi hazvigoni asi kukanganisa yakapoteredza zvakatipoteredza uye pamusoro pemvura kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Izvi zvinoteverwa kuIndian Ocean, mvura ane paavhareji kudziyirwa kusvika 17,3 ° C. Ipapo Atlantic apo nhamba iri 16,6 ° C. Uye rakadzika avhareji tembiricha - mu kweArctic Ocean - vanenge +1 ° C.

Property 2. Salinity

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvivako mugungwa mvura kudzidza ano masayendisiti? Pasina mubvunzo, ivo vanofarira murwiyo mvura mugungwa. The mvura mugungwa - a coctail hwevanhukadzi vakawanda zvine maatomu akafanana, uye kukosha kwayo basa munyu. The salinity mvura yomugungwa kunoyerwa muzvikamu miriyoni paminiti. «‰» kunan'anura icon. Ppm zvinoreva kuzviuru nhamba. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Oceanic fő emvura ane avhareji salinity 35 ‰.

Kana nyika mugungwa kudzidza, vatsvakurudzi kakawanda akabvunza pamusoro chii ehupfumi mugungwa mvura. Kwose kwose kune mugungwa, zvakafanana? Anotendeuka, salinity, sezvo paavhareji tembiricha, asiri yunifomu. The chakarurama iri kutungamirirwa zvinoverengeka:

• uwandu pakati kunayisa - mvura uye chando kuderedza tikwanise salinity mugungwa;
• aibuda huru neduku nzizi - the salinity nyanza dzakapoteredza makondinendi zvakawanda nzizi yakadzika, pazasi;
• Ice inotungamirwa - Maitikiro acho kunowedzera salinity;
• kunyunguduka chando - Maitikiro acho lowers ari salinity remvura;
• Kusimuka kwemvura mvura kubva pegungwa - munyu vaporize pamwe nemvura, uye salinity inowedzerawo.

Zvakaratidza kuti kusiyana salinity nyanza imhaka rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira, tembiricha iri mvura uye okunze. The soro avhareji salinity mumvura kuAtlantic Ocean. Zvisinei, chinonyanya wakawanda pfungwa - Sea Red runobva kuna Indian. Yakaderera zvazvingava kunoratidzwa kweArctic Ocean. ehupfumi izvi mugungwa mvura kweArctic Ocean chinonyanya zvakasimba vainzwa pedyo confluence huru nzizi kweSiberia. Pano salinity asingasviki 10 ‰.

Interesting chokwadi. Yaipedzerwa munyu nyanza

Masayendisiti haana kubvumirana zvingani zvine maatomu akafanana zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura munyanza. Anofungidzirwa kubva 44 kusvika 75 zvinhu. Asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti nhamba zvazvichanyungudutswa munyanza chete muchadenga uwandu munyu, vanenge 49 quadrillion matani. Kana zvose sasana nokuomesa munyu, zvichaita rinofukidza nyika pamusoro rukoko iri M anopfuura 150.

Property 3. Density

Pfungwa yokuti 'arambe achirema "kwave adzidza kwenguva refu. reshiyo iyi mukanyiwa yamarudzi, muchiitiko ichi mukanyiwa mvura mumakungwa kuti inogarwa vhoriyamu. Zivo pamwero mukuru arambe achirema zvakakodzera, somuenzaniso, kuti irambe buoyancy zvikepe.

Uye tembiricha uye arambe achirema - asiri yunifomu ehupfumi mugungwa mvura. Avhareji kukosha wokupedzisira - 1,024 g / cm³. indekisi Izvi akayera panguva paavhareji tembiricha uye munyu kugutsikana. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana zvikamu nyanza arambe achirema dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nokuyerwa udzamu, tembiricha mugove wayo salinity.

Somuenzaniso, funga ehupfumi penyanza mvura Indian Ocean, kureva kuchinja arambe achirema. The zvikuru chokukomborerwa ichi chiri neSuez uye Gulf. Ikoko totaura 1,03 g / cm³. In inodziya uye wakawanda mvura okumusoro-vokumadokero Indian Ocean anodonhedza kusvika 1,024 g / cm³. Uye freshened iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva penyanza uye Bay pakati Bengal, apo zvikuru inonaya, mwero yakadereresa - vanenge 1,018 g / cm³.

Fresh mvura arambe achirema dererei, nei kugara pamusoro mvura munzizi uye dzimwe miviri Freshwater zvikuru kuoma.

Properties 4 ne5 Transparency uye ruvara

Kana kutaipa mune nechirongo chemvura mugungwa, zvichaita sokuti segirazi. Zvisinei, pamwe kuwedzera mvura rukoko pakukora chinova rinokwanisa kucheneruka kana greenish tint. Ruvara kuchinja nokuda Absorção de Água uye kupararira chiedza. Mukuwedzera, ruvara ari slurry kukanganisa gungwa nemvura dzakasiyana sezvamunoita.

Rinokwanisa kucheneruka ruvara kwemvura yakachena - mugumisiro simba Absorção de Água tsvuku chikamu chinooneka chakarondedzera. At dzakakwirira kuwanda mugungwa mvura phytoplankton, zvinova zvitema-rwegirini kana girini ruvara. Izvi imhaka ndechokuti phytoplankton absorbs dzvuku chikamu chakarondedzera ndokufunga girini.

Transparency yomugungwa mvura zvisina kunanga novimba uwandu particulate zvokunyama mairi. In munda pachena ari Secchi disk. A sandara Disc vane dhayamita hakuiti kupfuudza masendimita 40, iri mumvura. Kusimba panguva iyo inova chinooneka, anogamuchirwa sezvo chiratidzo pachena munharaunda iyi.

6 ne7 zvivako zviri Mashoko inzwi uye magetsi

Sound mafungu anogona kuparadzira mvura pamusoro pezviuru makiromita. Paavhareji kupararira velocity - 1500 m / s. mufananidzo uyu gungwa mvura yakakwirira kupfuura yakachena. Kurira anogara zvishoma dzikatsauka yakananga mutsetse.

Salt mvura ine mukuru zvemagetsi conductivity pane Freshwater. The musiyano - 4,000 nguva. It zvinoenderana nokuwanda ions por chairema mvura vhoriyamu.