"The Gulag Archipelago" - usingafi basa Solzhenitsyn

Article 58 of Criminal Code dzakawanda vagari RSFSR wakabirwa upenyu mutemo. Vanenge mamiriyoni mana vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika vari Stalin yaitonga akasangana worudzii yevasungwa - gulags. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vakawanda vavo havana kuitisa pakaunda-echimurenga mabasa. Zvisinei, zviri kunyange vaitirei "mhosva" zviduku zvakadai akaipa kunyatsoongorora chero wezvematongerwo enyika.

Writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn aiva mumwe wevaya akasangana utsinye nyaya makumi mashanu namasere. To kupomerwa kuti "pakaunda" vakauya kwaari tsamba yaakanga atumira pamberi shamwari dzako nehama. Kazhinji aripo rakafukidzwa kutsoropodzwa Stalin, iyo Ampere rinonzi "Tillage". Sezvingatarisirwa, kuti kusenza tsamba dzakadaro vaisagona kutadza. Uyezve, zviri zvinonyatsoda pavo. counterintelligence Soviet akasunga freethinker. Somugumisiro, akarasikirwa pachinzvimbo chevatatu mukuru, makore 8 zvakaoma pasina kodzero kubva kuutapwa. Ndiye akasarudza kuvhura chikamu paitonga Stalin mujeri hurongwa, kunyora bhuku haufi "The Gulag Archipelago." Tichakurukura kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nezita raro, uye chii zvirimo.

The Gulag Archipelago - hurongwa kuti interconnects zviuru Soviet mujeri masangano. Zvikuru, asi maererano vamwe mishumo, vakawanda vasungwa iyi huru kuri romugungwa - vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika. Sezvo Solzhenitsyn akanyora, vazhinji vavo vachiri panguva padariro kusungwa aikoshesa hope pasina kuti nyaya yavo nokungwarira vaiona, uye mhosva uchakandirwa. Uye sbytochnoy kumifananidzo zvakadaro vakatenda yakaoma, akatokundwa munzvimbo haana kudaro kure. "Political kusungwa vakanga kuzivikanwa kuti vanhu vasina mhosva vakabatwa uye havagoni kuzviramba," - akati Solzhenitsyn. Munyori rinotsanangura vamwe hova pakukura vasungwa vakanga dispossession rechipfuwo (1929-1930), uyo airwara udzvanyiriri muna 1937, uyewo vaya vave nhapwa German (1944-1946). The Gulag Archipelago nomutsa anovhura masuo aro vapfumi varimi, vapristi vose vakatendeka vanhu, vakadzidza, mapurofesa. About Stalin kwakaita kuri michina kusaruramisira chete anoti zvawo kuvapo urongwa uwandu vasungwa (iyo kakawanda runoratidzwa kumativi nhamba). Ivo, Chokwadi, "NKVD" nokushingaira overfulfilled.

kurwadziswa

Chikamu chikuru chebhuku Solzhenitsyn kwakaita rakazvipira mubvunzo uyu: Sei vakasunga dzinenge nguva dzose akasaina "priznanki", kunyange kana mhosva yavo haripo mumakore iwayo anotyisa? Mhinduro haasiyi muverengi hanya. Munyori rinodonongodza utsinye kurwadziswa kuti raishandiswa "miviri." Nyora kusimba hwayo - kubva nyore kudavira bvunzurudzo kuti zvinokuvadza kuti sikarudzi. Unogonawo kutaura Kusarara kwemazuva anoverengeka, tichigogodza kubuda mazino, kurwadziswa nomoto ... The munyori, unoziva musimboti Stalin kwakaita infernal muchina anokumbira vaverengi varege kutonga avo, asingakwanisi kutakura kurwadziswa, akabvuma zvose zvaakanga amuraira. Asi pane chimwe chinhu pohlesche kuzvidzora incrimination. Rest hwake ndondo Nokunyara, vaya vasingagoni kumira, akacherawo shamwari kana hama dzavo zvakanakisisa. Panguva iyoyo paivawo munhu akashinga kwazvo, vasina wemasaini chinhu.

The simba uye simba pamusoro "NKVD"

ånd machinda kazhinji vaiva careerists chaidzo. Statistics "kwemhosva kuonekwa" akavavimbisa pamisara itsva yepamusoro muhoro. Achishandisa simba rake, kuchengeteka vakuru kazhinji vanobvuma tora wako kufarira mufurati uye nekutengesa vakadzi. Vashandi 'kuchengeteka mauto "nyore kuchenesa panzira evavengi vavo. Asi ivo pachavo vave kuita mutambo ngozi. Hakuna asina kusiya mhosva hurumende, sabhoteji, vasori. Richirondedzera hurongwa, Solzhenitsyn akarota izvi, munhu akanaka dare.

Life mujeri

Munyori "The Gulag Archipelago" kuudzwa zvose vicissitudes mujeri. Sero rimwe nerimwe anofanira kunge mutengesi. Zvisinei, vasungwa vakakurumidza vakadzidza kusiyanisa vanhu vakadaro. Izvi zvakatungamirira kuti namano vagari makamuri. All vasungwa zvokudya - nemuriwo, vatema chingwa uye Kubika mvura. Pakati mafaro uye mafaro duku vakanga wechesi, kufamba, kuverenga mabhuku. Solzhenitsyn bhuku "The Gulag Archipelago" anoratidza kuti muverengi zvinoitwa zvose Mapato zvevasungwa - pamusoro "kulaks" kuti "matsotsi". Rinorondedzerawo ukama pakati cellmates, dzimwe nguva zvakaoma.

Zvisinei, kwete chete pamusoro upenyu mujeri, akanyora Solzhenitsyn. "The Gulag Archipelago" - asiwo basa iri rinotsanangura nhoroondo RSFSR mutemo. Munyori nguva akaenzanisa hurongwa pamwe mwana wokururamisira Soviet, uye kururamisira, kana achiri undeveloped (1917-1918); pamwe majaya (1919-1921) uye aine murume akura apo wakatambanudza chaizvo anonakidza.