The jurors - ndiani ichi? Zvinofanira kusarudzwa uye murayiro

Jaji anogona kuva munhu, izvo achasarudza nyaya purogiramu yekombiyuta inokosha. chiitiko ichi kunoitika kamwe mumakore mana. Kana kana mugari akasarudza vatongi, asi iye nokuda upenyu ezvinhu havagoni kubatanidzwa kutongwa, ipapo zvakafanira kushuma nayo. Vanoramba kubatanidzwa pane nedanho munhu pasina chikonzero chakanaka, anongoti haana kodzero.

tsananguro

Jurors - vagari vari mubasa kunzwa vatongi sezvo pasi kusarudza nemhosva kana nepakuchena yomupomerwi uye dzinoshandura mutongo waro.

Vanhu Vazhinji vanogara mudunhu, vane chivimbo chavo muna vatongi, uye kwete vatongi nounyanzvi, nekuti yokupedzisira anogona kuva chero nzira kuziva migumisiro yacho, apo vatongi vane anongoitika vanhu uye anogona chinangwa vaongorore mufananidzo yose zvakaitika mhosva. Ndiyo pfungwa yose veruzhinji.

A vatongi zvishoma asingatani uori uye kunoita vanhuwo zvavo vanoita ruramisiro, asi chete kana ivo ikodzere basa ichi zvose nomutemo.

Jurors - iri, kupfuura zvose, zvikuru vanhuwo vagari, vanogadzwa kuti basa vatongi kubatanidzwa kuda wematambudziko. Saka, vanofanira kutaura pachavo chete akanakisisa uye chaizvoizvo zvinoratidza kuti dare ravo kupindura zvinogoneka kwete chete nokuda vamwe Mapato nyaya, asi kuti vanhu vose vakapara mhosva.

Nhengo vatongi

Panyaya iyi, kukurukura mhosva rinoitwa nomudzimu vatongi uye nyanzvi mutongi, vanofanira kubvumirana chero Mutongo assessors. Panyaya iyi, aitungamirira anofanira kufunga zvose nuances yacho kubva pamutemo nemaonero uye classifies zvose tsotsi chiito chose, uye chete vatongi kupa mutongo, iyo inoratidza mhinduro dzemibvunzo kuisa kwavari.

In nemutadzi muitiro kunosanganisira:

• Judge, muri nyanzvi;
• mudziviriri;
• nehurumende muchuchisi;
• assessors (akarara vatongi uwandu vanhu 12).

The foromani, uyo achaita kutaura aitungamirira mutongi, vaiongorora nyaya vakasarudzwa kubva kuwanda vayo. Iyewo vakataura matongero vachipfuura ose assessors kubvumirana.

zvemitemo kuzvidzora

Vose mabasa vatongi iri enshrined muna Federal Mutemo 20.08.2004, № 113-FL, unonzi "On Jurors yeUnited matare vakawanda chepasi muna Russian Federation". Uyewo bumbiro mhosva muitiro, kunonyora hwakadzama zvose mashoko ari pamusoro zvakakodzera hwaiitwa nyaya assessors, kodzero dzavo uye mabasa, hurongwa nekuita pakati sachigaro uye vatongi paitongwa.

Zvinodiwa rwevamiriri

Kusarudza vanhu vachapona vanoita ruramisiro sezvo vatongi, kunoitika nenzira chero zvakabudiswa ichishandisa purogiramu yekombiyuta, uye ipapo mukuru Executive simba vakaumba mazita. nzira iyi rinoitwa kamwe pamakore mana ose. Mazita chete vaviri - iri rinowanika uye kupembedza.

Jurors kuva zvinotevera nzira:

• kuva makore 25 okuberekwa;
• asina mhosva chinyorwa, kana iri akadzora kana akagadzirisa, ipapo munhu ane kodzero dzose kuva vatongi;
• rirege kha psihitiatra uye chiremba wepfungwa;
• kuva mugari wenyika ehurumende uye kuziva mutauro Russian;
• vakaremara mumuviri;
• kwete kuferefetwa, mune mamwe mazwi, haana mamiriro fungira kana mhosva iri mhosva.

Kuri kuti munhu iyeye anokodzera zvinoratidza zvose, basa vatongi dzisiri nyanzvi, ipapo anofanira dzinobvumira vatongi.

Zviitiko kuitawo

Jurors kutora chikamu mune zvekufamba pamberi Dare First chiitiko chete kana anoratidza chido kwayo kutarisana pacharo, iro riri kupomerwa vakaita chakakomba kana kunyanya kwemhosva.

Serious vanobvuma mhosva chete avo vane chirango rinosvika asingapfuuri 10 makore voga munzanga. Very chakakomba - zviri mabasa kuti vane mhosva makore anopfuura 10 ari mujeri.

Kana mukwirirwi haana kukumbira kuongorora nyaya kubudikidza vatongi, muchiitiko ichi kwacho rinoitwa tiine nyanzvi mutongi pahwaro Chikamu 30 roMutemo Criminal Procedure.

chakaita kuramba

The mugari, uyo akasarudza vatongi haagoni chete kunhonga uye vanoramba kubatanidzwa acho, nokuti basa dare sechinhu assessor - iri kwayo zvakananga uye vanosungirwa nomutemo. Nekuti jurors - randomly vakasarudzwa non-nyanzvi kuvatongi vari vachizvipira uye chinangwa kuita chisarudzo zvakananga zvarinoita mugumo womunhu kuzviruramisa ake kana musungwa. Asi dzimwe nguva pane mamiriro ezvinhu kuti munhu haakwanisi kuva basa iri nokuda mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu muupenyu, uye ichi kana munhu ari kunyora kuteterera dare Executive simba pamusoro nharaunda umo anogara. Mumashoko kunyora zvikonzero pokuramba, achitaura ndozvakajairwa mutemo, izvo anenge kuti munhu ari muzasi akadaro arege kuva vatongi.

Zvikonzero paunogona kunyora mashoko akadai, sezvinotevera:

• Zera isingasviki makore 25;
• mhosva rekodhi;
• tsotsi kusunga;
• urema, dzakatangwa rimwe rokutonga simba;
• murombo utano, kwechokwadi vanachiremba tambo;
• kuwana vakanyorwa pamwe chiremba wepfungwa kana chiremba wepfungwa;
• mumuviri vakaremara nekuipira;
• nemakore 65 kana kupfuura;
• kana munhu ari mupristi kana nemauto; vakabata hofisi paruzhinji; mutongi, magweta, Vachuchisi, mapurisa uye chaiwo rokuremekedza, ari mubasa Detective basa.

Application ichaongororwa zvepamusoro Executive simba mukufamba 5 mazuva, pashure iyo chisarudzo anogona kuzvipfuuridza mudare.

In Kana apo kushandisa mugari unogamuchirwa uye anotsigirwa chokwadi kuti unogona kuva unprofessional mutongi, pamazita jurors zvinofanira kushandurwa uye munhu Kwabviswa nawo.

Kushanda mudare

Kana munhu achiri akasarudza vatongi uye akasimbisa kuti chinzvimbo ichi, ari nguva dzose vasaenderera mberi achava asingachaiti chikuru basa, kana iye anogamuchira mubayiro basa rake mari ndechokuti 1/2 ukuru vatongi muhoro kuti mazuva vakanga vashanda kunze naye mudare. Panyaya iyi, nokuti mugari, ivo vakasarudzwa assessor, akaponesa basa rake, uye vanofungawo zvose yekufambisa kunzvimbo enyaya, uye vakutarisire. Panguva iyoyo, basa arege kuramba munhu akadaro kana kutamira imwe nzvimbo.

Dana mugari kushanda sezvo mutongi pasi rinoitwa kamwe pagore kwemazuva 10, kana kuongorora nyaya kubva vatongi mberi pamusoro kwenguva yakareba, ipapo yose nguva chourongwa ruramisiro risati mutongo.

mutongo

Mushure vatongi vakanzwa mativi ose acho, vanofanira kuenda kumusangano mukamuri, uko chisarudzo chake pamusoro nyaya. Kazhinji, vaiongorora nyaya asati awana mibvunzo shoma uye vanoda kupa mhinduro pachena kwavari.

The mutongo pamusoro vatongi - ndiwo mutongo nemaune uye zvakafanana kuti anosarudza njodzi kupomerwa. Inofanira tsanangurai: mhosva kana kwete, uye kupindura inoverengeka mimwe mibvunzo, kana izvi zvave raanotaura nasachigaro.

Kuri kuti chisarudzo vatongi kupembedza mhosva, mutongi anofanira ape mutongo kanganwiro , uye kuti vanobvumirana naye. Kana mutongo mhaka, zvino mutongi anogona naye uye havana kugamuchira, nokudaro vachizivisa chisarudzo charo uye akwanise vatongi.

Murwiyo avatongi

Paumbwe vatongi kunoitika nenzira namahwindo dare pachirongwa. Muchiitiko chino, vanhu vose vave kusarudzwa kurongwa zvakabudiswa pamusoro Implementation basa iri rinogona recuse kuzvishora kana ivo vamwe chikonzero havagoni kubatanidzwa kwacho. Uyewo musangano uyu kwaisanganisirawo gweta uye veruzhinji muchuchisi, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane kodzero mibvunzo yacho vatongi. Pashure paizvozvo, dare angakumbira vaiongorora nyaya kuzivisa uchida kuramba kunotungamirirwa.

Of vagari vose vasara vanosarudzwa, vanhu chete wokutanga 14 vari pachikwata. Muchiitiko chino, 12 vavo - a revatungamiriri jurors, uye akasara 2 vanhu vachava kupembedza. Pashure zvizere mazita pasi vatongi verenga kubva mumusangano, chokwadi ichi inofanira akanyorwa Secretary iri nhoroondo dare kunzwa.

kodzero

All kodzero jurors pamusoro vasaenderera mberi, enshrined mu Article 333 pamusoro Code pakati Criminal Procedure. Zvisinei, haagoni parinoperera chero vechikamu kwacho.

Judges vane kodzero:

• kubatanidzwa kudzidza zvose ezvinhu nyaya;
• nokuda kutungamirira mibvunzo kuti vagari vose, vachapiwa akabvunza mudare;
• kuongorora umboo uye magwaro;
• kuti vanyore zvose chokwadi dzavo, nokuti paya kushandiswa pakunyora mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi;
• ataure chikumbiro roruvanze kuti kujekeswa dzinovhiringidza pamutemo pfungwa uye zvokuridzira zvakatendeka munyaya kwacho.

Jurors havabvumirwi kusiya mukamuri mudare, kuti Chat munhu kubva kunze komutemo vanhu, uyewo kuti azive zvose ezvinhu mhosva kunze kwacho.

Kana kutyora mitemo isingachinji kuisa vatongi, vanofanira kunze kubva pamazita uye ne dzimwe jurors.

jurisprudence

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mumataundi maduku kutora chikamu jurors mudare apo kufunga chaizvo nyaya iri dererei, asi zvisinei, zviitiko zvakadaro dzimwe nguva vasangana uchidzidzira.

Mumwe muenzaniso tsotsi nyaya zvakazara kunoratidza izvozvo.

Mugari mhosva utsinye vakaita utsinye inokosha pamusoro navaviri pasi Article 105 of Code Youtsotsi. Iye inotarisana mutongo kusvikira kuupenyu voga munzanga. Nemhosva yokuita chiito haana kuziva, uye akapupura kuti usiku kupondwa kumadhindindi chete wavata pasi pokudzora akarara mapiritsi uye asingauyi kurangarira chinhu. Panyaya iyi, yokupedzisira yaiti panguva kuferefeta kuti anotsvaka vatongi nokuongorora nyaya. chikumbiro chake chakaitwa.

Court vatongi mhosva pamusoro mugari mabasa. Nekuti kutakura kubva bvunzo yakaratidza kuvapo muropa rake akarara mapiritsi, izvo vakagamuchirwa nokuda mukwirirwi pamberi kuponda uye aishanda maawa gumi. Ndokusaka nyaya wakatumwa kuti muedzwe itsva, uye mugari ukasunungurwa mudare.

Practice inoratidza kuti vatongi - ndivo vanhu vasingazivi pamusoro nyanzvi yakati zvose dzemunharaunda vomurayiro, asi kuti vanoita ruramisiro mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange kupfuura rainyatsoigona mutongi. Uye saka vanhu rinotsvaga nechokwadi kuti vose dzinotsanagura chakakomba kana zvakakura chaizvo utsinye rwaiitwa chete kutora chikamu, uye pachavo kazhinji Akapomerwa akateterera nokuti.