The Mhando hove dzavo dzinogarisana

Ose kuzvipira pamusoro wehove anoziva kuti pane zvakasiyana siyana hombe hove munyika. Maererano mamiriro avo, zvisikwa izvi ndiwo chordates, asi mhando hove kubvira diki kusvika huru, kubva kugungwa kusvika kurwizi, uye zvichingodaro. Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro chii hove vari, uko vanogara uye inova maitire akasiyana kwemarudzi. Tinovimba nemi Achauya batsira mashoko aya!

A zvishoma pamusoro hove

Hove - a jawed vertebrate mhuka hwemvura kuti kufema kuburikidza gills. Vanogona kugara chero mumvura: iri wakawanda uye yakachena, kubva nehova uye nekuguma mumakungwa. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, hove ndezvaJehovha Chord mhando, nekuti vane womukati marangwanda pamwe akabatana, vanonzi Chord.

Mhando waterfowl munyika makore mashoma apfuura vaipfuura miriyoni 34. In sainzi, pane chikamu chinokosha hwakatsaurirwa nokudzidza hove. Inonzi ichthyology.

mhando hove

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Mhando hove - zviri chikamu ichthyology hombe. Chokwadi, masayendisiti nguva yakawanda uchidzidza mhuka idzi. Hove dziri nevaya mhando, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, asi mumwe nomumwe ane yayo maitiro hove.

Physiology uye anatomi hove

venyama All kungova mhando chordate hove, akafukidza ganda uye chikero (kunze zvisingawanzoitiki nyaya). Skin rinoumbwa emagetsi vaviri Epiderme e dermis. The Epiderme e anovandudza zvakavanzika, vachibvumira ganda kudzivirirwa. The inotungamirwa pachikero rine basa dermis - yomukati ganda rukoko.

In hove mhou, kusiyana nemamwe, kune marudzi akasiyana pachikero. Mhando hove, zvakawanda chaizvo, nehove yomumwe nomumwe mhando kana, kuona hunhu flake coatings. Saka, Sturgeon ganoid pachikero. Zvinonzi aumba kubva kostevyh Coated pamahwendefa ganoinom. Zvikero mhou hove mupenyu munguva yedu inonzi elasmoidnoy uye rakakamurwa kuva woita uye toothed. Flakes ane urongwa hwakadaro unobvumira kumberi kune veshure mahwendefa bindepinde. Kwete kare, masayendisiti akawana kuti nokuda pemvura muzinga notched chikero waterfowl yakawedzera hydrodynamic ehupfumi.

Makara hove une range hombe, uyezve, vamwe mavara "nyevero" unobvumira muviri ngozi, ari pedyo chikara. ruvara kunogonawo kuva rakachenuruka, jecha, jecha. Zvose zvinoenderana zvakatipoteredza, hunhu mvura miviri. Ndezvipi hove, avo oruzhayuschaya vakadaro uye coloring.

Zvetsandanyama nemapfupa maitiro hove - raro hurongwa nyama uye mapfupa. Zvakaratidza kuti vasati vava chetatu mbiri gills, asi ipapo vakuru kunge wakashanduka-shanduka mune shaya. Hove kushambira zvakananga Via aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye unpaired zvimbi. Uyezve, nemhaka zvimbi yavanobata anofambisa zvakaoma.

Zvimbi pfupa mhuka hwemvura vane mhou mwaranzi uye chinyakare - shwashwa. hove Most sezvo chikuru "injini" rinoshandiswa muswe zenze. The nomuzongoza hove achiumbwa kuburikidza yoga nesroschennym vertebrae. Muitiro kushambira hove iri nokuda rutapudzo pamusoro tsandanyama kuti vasiyana muzongoza nemarunda.

Tsandanyama hove "anononoka" uye "kutsanya" netsandanyama. Vane dzakasimukira zvikuru pfungwa havambozivi nokunhuhwidza kuvabatsira kufamba zvakakwana zvakatipoteredza apo vari, uye kudzivisa zvisingafadzi. nzvimbo. Most chordate hove ane 2-kamuri mwoyo, kuparadzirwa, akadzivira kweropa hurongwa. Ropa rinoparadzirwa kuburikidza gills uye Tel'nov zvinyama kubva pamwoyo.

Power mu izvi zvipenyu zviri sezvinotevera: hove kudya kubatwa, nokuchengeta meno ake. Zvokudya kubva mumuromo huro anotevera, ipapo mudumbu umo zvakaipa pamwe makemikari ari gastric muto. Hove vane guru pakusarudza chikafu. Vanogona kudya plankton nokuvhuvha, honye, dzimwe juveniles, uye vamwe yakatokura veboka. Asi vakawanda, pane herbivorous hove, zvikara uye deritofagami. Chii inonakidza zvikuru, vazhinji vanokwanisa kushandura zvavo mhando zvokudya Somuenzaniso, pakutanga upenyu earthworms uye plankton, uyewo vakuru mudye diki kana hombe vamiririri hwemvura kwezvakatipoteredza.

In hove, mune matambudziko kumanikidzwa Somuenzaniso, kufurirwa wavo aigona kuva akaderera kudarika ambient kufurirwa, asi nokuti kuti zvisikwa izvi wakamutsa urea, kumanikidza inodzorwa.

mhedziso

Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti mhando hove dziri siyana chaizvo, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo dzinoratidzwa yakasiyana chimiro, ukuru, zvokudya, maitiro. Vose zvakasiyana, uye vabati vehove pamberi kubata hove, zvinokosha kudzidza zvose pamusoro pavo!