The vavezi vemabwe nomukurumbira kupfuura nyika uye basa ravo. Famous Russian muvezi

The zvisikwa kwevanhu vokutanga kuti anogona kunzi chivezwa akazviratidza prehistoric nguva uye vaiva zvifananidzo, anamatwe madzibaba edu. Mumakore zviuru zvemakore unyanzvi chivezwa yasvika kumboitika miti, uye nhasi tinogona kuona ounyanzvi chaivo, nguva dzose vayemurwe Vashanyi uye Vanopfuura ari mamiziyamu nomumigwagwa mumaguta mazhinji munyika. Saka ndiani akakurumbira Russian uye vatorwa Artists ose eras siyana anogona kutaura kuti zita rake semhosva "anozivikanwa vavezi vemabwe," uye vamwe nemabasa avo vanobatanidzwa yegoridhe pavane Uri nyika?

Famous vavezi vemabwe zvenyika yekare

Sezvambotaurwa, unyanzvi chivezwa yakatanga makore mazhinji akapfuura, sezvinoratidzwa ibwe yakawanda uye nevhu-dimensional matatu mifananidzo vanhu, mhuka uye zvisikwa womweya, panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa. Ichokwadi, hapana munhu anoziva vanyori vavo, asi nhoroondo akachengetedza mazita vamwe guru vavezi vemabwe vaishanda munguva kubva remakore rechi14 BC. e. uye pamberi 1st remakore AD. e.

Somuenzaniso, mubvunzo pamusoro ndiani vavezi vemabwe inozivikanwa zvikuru zvenyika yekare, pakati vamwe, iva nechokwadi kuti kutaura mukuru wekare Egyptian muvezi Thutmose Junior. Aiita wedare Farao Akhenatan, uye akasika imwe yakakurumbira mabasa ounyanzvi nemuAmarna kumwedzi - the bust Mambokadzi Nefertiti. Zvikuru mashoko aripo pamusoro ndiani vavezi vemabwe inozivikanwa kwazvo yekare neGirisi uye Roma nguva. Kunyanya, tenzi uye Critius Nesiot vakasikwa 5th remakore BC. e. chakanakisisa sezvamunoita uye Garmody Aristogiton kuti vakazoroorwa kupfuura kamwe akafuridzirwa vavezi vemabwe Papera nguva. Kunyange mukuru miti umhizha Sculpture akaita Phidias mukuru, uyo ari munyori ari pechifananidzo Zeus nendarama dzenzou, vakaona somumwe zvinoshamisa munyika kare. Hazvibviri kuona nomupiro huru kutanga mifananidzo yekare, uko kwakaitwa zvakadai vavezi vemabwe yakakurumbira sezvo Scopas, Praxiteles uye Lysippos, akasika vanonzi mabhiza Saint Mark. Kana vavezi vemabwe yeRoma, vakawanda zvisikwa zvavo, akadai yakakurumbira Apollo Belvedere, makopi echiGiriki epakutanga.

Famous vavezi vemabwe zvenyika kuMiddle Ages

Sezvaunoziva, kutanga kare nguva vaitevera kuwa Western hweRoma, yakanga isiri nguva yakanaka yokuti kukura art. Ndosaka pasina mabasa kunyanya kukosha unyanzvi chivezwa kungova 5-12 emakore vakasuwa nhasi haina kuzivikanwa. Sezvineiwo, pamusoro nguva kuratidza kereke vakatanga kusimba, uye paiva zvivezwa yevatsvene navabati, vane vanyori kuzvibvumira kufamba kubva kuzviomesera canons vechitendero unyanzvi uye kuti zvisikwa zvavo zvikuru lifelike. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kuderedza vatenzi zvakadai baba uye mwanakomana Pisano, uyo aishanda mukupera rechi13 uye kwezana remakore rechi14. Uye, chokwadi, kana totaura ndiani vavezi vemabwe inozivikanwa vakawanda Gothic nguva, haagoni kunzi Adam Kraft akasika atari kwoumbozha Tetzel Chapel.

Art Sculpture Renaissance

Zvichida pane asiri munhu asingazive ndiani yakakurumbira vavezi vemabwe uye mabasa avo Renaissance kumwedzi. Pashure pezvose, munhambo ichi anosanganisira ounyanzvi akadai pechifananidzo yaDhavhidhi uye ari Pieta kubudikidza Michelangelo, bhuku iro akashongedzwa nemachechi Catholic munyika, uyewo shongwe Gattamelata ne Donatello uye "naPerseus" Benvenuto Cellini. Of French vanatenzi kucherechedza Zhana Guzhona uye Germain Pilon, uyo akashanda pasi pokudzora vokuItaly navo.

Dzinozivikanwa vatenzi pakati chivezwa ramakore rechi18

A muenzaniso Zvikuru unyanzvi chivezwa dzazvino ndiyo yakakurumbira Trevi Tsime iri Palazzo Poli muRoma, vaiona mumwe zviratidzo guru Italian. Zvinonzi tichitsigirwa Nicola Salvi uye Pietro Bracci uyo akaita mufananidzo Neptune uye Triton. Muzana remakore rechi18, iye aishanda uye Antonio Canova, inozivikanwa ayo tombstones dzanapapa dzakamira, uyewo anozivikanwa vavezi vemabwe kubva France Edmond Bouchardon uye Zhan Batist Pigall. Kana British Masters, pakati pavo ndidzo nevatatu yepakutanga rine Dzhona Flaksmana, Iosifa Nollekensa uye Thomas Banks.

European chivezwa remakore rechi19

Pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore aizivikanwa pakuonekwa yakajeka nyeredzi kwenyika chivezwa - Bertel Thorvaldsen, uyo muna 1803 akapa kuruzhinji ayo "Jason". Pashure nenzwi nyika debut, akava akakurumbira zvikuru munyika yakakurumbira tenzi vatengi vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana, uye yayo zvikuru refu okusika upenyu Akavezerapo zhinji kwazvo nziyo uye Portraits vanhu vakakurumbira. Zvikurukuru, zvinokosha kutaura yakakura friezes, unoratidza pezvaiitwa Aleksandra Makedonskogo, iye akasika muna 1812 nokuti kushongedzwa of Quirinal Palace.

Pamunenge muchikurukura mubvunzo vaiva vavezi vemabwe dzakakurumbira uye mabasa avo remakore rechi19, mumwe wokutanga kuuya mupfungwa ndiro zita Auguste Rodin. Uye hazvishamisi, sezvo zvaakasika "The anofunga" uye "The Kiss" kuzivikanwa sezvo mukuru ounyanzvi ounyanzvi nyika. Kana watenzi chivezwa muGermany, sezvarinokodzera chaiyo panotaurwa L. Shvantaler akasika mabasa mazhinji kunoshamisa shongedza nhare uye zvimwe zvivako zvinokosha reMunich.

Vavezi vemabwe 20-21 emakore

Muzana remakore rapfuura, tsika huru vatenzi Italian mberi Dzhakomo Mantsu, inozivikanwa nokuda kwezvisikwa "yepaGedhi Death", akaitira ari Cathedral of St. Peter muRoma. Uyezve, zvinokosha kutaura vemifananidzo akadai Zhak Lipshits uye Osip Tsadkin, uyo akashanda ari surrealist maitiro. Muchikwata che "vakawanda vavezi vemabwe yakakurumbira munyika" rinoreva Alberto Giacometti, akasikwa 1961, basa "murume achifamba", wakange vanofungidzirwa Sotheby muna mamiriyoni 104,3 US emadhora. Pakati vavezi vemabwe ari mukupera kwezana remakore rechi20, zviri zvakare kukodzera kutaura Fernando Botero, Lynn Chadwick Barri Flanagana uye.

Famous vavezi vemabwe kubva Russia 18-19 emakore

Taura pamusoro unyanzvi chivezwa muRussia hazvina zvakakodzera kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo Petrine nguva, nekuti zvinongokonzerwa haako. St. Petersburg garo akaita tifunge akajeka nhare dzake uye dzinoungana zvivezwa, sezvo yaiva tsika munyika dzeEurope, saka kuti dare vakatanga kukoka dzimwe Artists. Saka, kutanga kuzivikanwa "Russian" vavezi vemabwe vaiva vatorwa. Somuenzaniso, takanzwa dzakawanda effigy, akakanda baba remangwana murongedzeri guru - K. Rastrelli.

Pashure kuvambwa Academy of Arts Catherine II ipapo akatanga kudzidziswa uye vokuRussia. Kunyanya, mumakore ake okutonga mapiyona aikudzwa pakati wechipfuwo art chivezwa sezvo F. Shubin uye M. Kozlovsky uye F. Gordeev, akasika yakakurumbira Samusoni. Kunyanya yakawanda matarenda Artists yakabuda muzana remakore rechi19. Zvikurukuru, panguva iyi akasika yakadaro anozivikanwa vavezi vemabwe Russian sezvo M. M. Antokolsky - munyori of shongwe Peter Mukuru muna Peterhof, AM Opekushin, P. Velionsky uye I. N. Shreder.

Art chivezwa yeSoviet uye post-Soviet nguva

Chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa mabasa chivezwa yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, Chokwadi, ndiyo inozivikanwa Monument ne Vera Mukhina "Mushandi uye Collective Farm Girl" - akabvuma Paaidzidzisa evanhu realism. No zvishoma kunakidza uye basa E. Vutechicha akasika "Warrior-akasunungura" nokuda Berlin kuti Treptow Park uye nyika yakakurumbira chifananidzo "The Motherland", uye M. Anikushina - munyori shongwe A. P. Chehovu uye Pushkin, iro rakavambwa muna Leningrad muna 1957.

Kana ndiani yakakurumbira vavezi vemabwe Russian pakati post-Soviet nguva, zvichida, vanofanira kunzi, uye Ernst Unknown, uyo akatanga basa rake munguva Soviet, akamanikidzwa kwenyika kuUnited States, uye ayo chinokosha basa - "Mask yokusuwa" Magadan nokuti chirangaridzo vakaurayiwa paitonga Stalin udzvanyiriri - zvakasikwa muna 1996. Chimwe tenzi chivezwa, rave richizivikanwa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura - Shemyakin, pakati mabasa akakodzerwa rinokosha panotaurwa multi-Nhamba sezvamunoita "Vana - vakawirwa zvakaipa mukuru".