Tower Bridge muLondon. Tower Bridge muLondon - mufananidzo

The Tower Bridge muRondon ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa munyika. Midzi yake yeVictorian Gothic style iri mumutemo, iyo yakamanikidza vateereri kuti vagadzire chimiro chinowirirana neMusvingo uri pedyo.

Tsanangudzo

The Tower Bridge muRondon ndeyese yakasungirirwa uye yakanyanyisa. Inoyambuka Rwizi rweThames, haisi kure neTurban yeLondon, mushure mekunge yakatumidzwa, uye yakazova chiratidzo cheguta racho.

Bhiriji rine mahwendefa maviri akabatanidzwa nemaviri maviri akasiyana-siyana akagadzirirwa kushandisa simba rakakosha rinoshanda kune rumwe rutivi rwezvikamu zvakanamatira kubva pasi. Chimwe chikamu chemasimba muzvikamu zvakasimirirwa uye mhinduro dzakataridzika dzezviitiko zviviri izvi zvinosvika pamasvingo makuru maviri. Kusimudza mashizha nemashandiro ekushanda zviri muzvigaro zvemasvingo. Iye zvino ruvara urongwa hwebhiriji yakadzoka muna 1977, apo yakave yakagadzirwa mutsvuku, machena uye bhuruu kupemberera chiyeuchidzo chesirivha chekutonga kwaMambokadzi Elizabeth II. Pakutanga yakanga iri yebhuruu-bhuruu.

Chivako chemasimoni chiri pedo ndiro Tower Hill pa Circle uye Rwendo rweMuganhu, uye mhepo inonzi Light Gateway.

Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, rwiyo "London Bridge Is Falling Down" harina chokuita neThe Tower Bridge muLondon.

Nhoroondo yekuvaka

Zvirongwa zvakagadzirwa kwakapoteredza 1876, apo chikamu chekumabvazuva kweLondon chakava nevanhu vakawanda. Bhiriji iri mhiri kweThames munzvimbo ino yakaita seinokosha zvikuru. Dambudziko guru nderokuti zvakanga zvakakosha kuputsa zvikepe nematende marefu kusvika kumahombekombe epakati pebhiriji neMusvingo. Zvakatora mamwe makore masere uye hurukuro dzakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa kusati kwavakwa kuvaka.

Saka, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuyambuka rwizi muna 1877, komiti inokosha yemabhiriji uye tunnel yakaumbwa pasi pehutungamiri hwaSir Albert Joseph Altman, kurwisana kwepurogiramu yemapurogiramu kwakaparidzirwa. Zvinopfuura makumi mashanu zvinyorwa zvakatumirwa, kusanganisira mhandisi yehurumende Sir Joseph Bazalgette. Kuongororwa kwemapurogiramu kwakapoteredzwa nekupesana, uye muna 1884 chete vakagamuchira basa rakaratidzwa nemugadziri wemaguta Horace Jones pamwe nekubatana naJohn Wolfe Barry.

Bhiriji rakapera muna 1894. Masangano mashanu - Sir John Jackson (nheyo), Baron Armstrong (hydraulics), William Webster, Sir HH. Barlet naSir William Erol, pamwe chete nevashandi vanosvika 450 vakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwebhiriji. Zvakatora matani 11 000 esimbi kuvaka matanda. Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vazhinji vaisada muzinda wavo weGothic, asi nekufamba kwenguva bhiriji rakazova imwe yemifananidzo yakakurumbira yeLondon. Akavhurwa zviri pamutemo musi waJune 30, 1894, neChirungu cheWales (ramangwana King Edward VIII) nemudzimai wake, Princess weWales (Alexandra weDenmark).

Bhiriji rinobatanidza Chipata cheShekeri kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe yerwizi neHorslidown Lane kumaodzanyemba, inozivikanwa seT Tower Bridge uye Tower Bridge Road. Pamberi pekuvhurwa kweShongwe yeMugwagwa weSway Coast - mamita 400 kusvika kumavirazuva - ndiyo yaiva nzira shoma yekuyambuka rwizi kubva paNorth Hill kusvika kuTuli Street kuSouth Park. Yakasunungurwa muna 1870, Tower Subway yaiva imwe yemigwagwa yekutanga yenyika.

Apo Tower Bridge yakazarurirwa muLondon, vazhinji vevatengesi vemigwagwa vakaendeswa kune iyo nekuda kwekushaiwa kwebhadharo yekushandiswa. Ikoji yacho yakavharwa muna 1898 nemhaka yekuderera kunobatsira.

The Tower Bridge muLondon ndeimwe yezvikwata zvishanu zveguta redzimba iye zvino uye yakachengetedzwa neBridge House Estates, kubatana kusina purogiramu pasi pekutarisira kweguta reLondon Corporation. Iyi ndiyo chete bhiriji rebambirano isingabatanisi Guta reLondon neSouth Park shore; Kubuda kwayo kuchamhembe kunotungamirira kune Tower Tower.

Mechanics

Kuswedera pedyo nehombe uye nzvimbo iri kutungamira gungwa ichikumbira kubva kubhiriji kukwanisa kuputsa ngarava huru. Nokudaro chisarudzo chekugadzirisa sarudzo inogona kuvhurwa kuti ibvumire kufamba kwezvikepe. Iyo inoshandiswa yakavanzwa mumasvingo maviri. Kusvikira muna 1976, apo yakashandiswa magetsi, simba remhepo rakashandiswa kupomesa mvura mumashandiro emagetsi anogadzira injini.

Kureba kwebhiriji rose makiromita 244, uye kureba kwemasvingo akavakwa pamasvingo akareba mamita 65. Pakati pepamusoro mamita matanhatu (61 m) yakakamurwa kuva maviri zvakaenzana slabs. Mumwe nomumwe wavo, ane upamhi hwemaminetsi makumi matatu nemakumi matatu uye anorema mamita ane chiuru, anogona kuvhurwa pachikona chemaseri 83. Panzvimbo yakasununguka, bhulogi rinokura kwemaminitsi makumi mashanu nemashanu. Nhasi inokwira kusvika pakakwirira inofanirwa kuenda kune imwe mudziyo; Kusiyana ndiyo inofambisa ngarava iyo iyo mambo ari mubhokisi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvikamu zvegadziriro zvinomuka zvakakwana. Pamberi pacho, bhiriji rakavhurwa kanenge makumi mashanu pazuva, uye nhasi - chete 1000 kamwe pagore. Dredging inorongwa mberi (nekuda kwezvikepe zvekutyaira, nezvimwewo), saka vaenzi vanogona kuenda kunzvimbo yebhiriji uye voona apo ichasimudzwa uye kuderedzwa. Mari yekubhadhara haibhadharwi.

Reaction

Kunyange zvazvo bhiriji risina mubvunzo kushanyira vatashanyi, vatsoropodzi vezvenyanzvi pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 vakanga vasina chokwadi nezvekuonekwa kwaro. "Anomiririra kukanganisa kwakaipa uye kuzvidzora, kunyengera kwechokwadi chaihwo chechimiro," akanyora H.H. Stat, naFrank Brangvin vakapikisa kuti "chimwe chimiro chisina musoro kunze kweNorth Bridge yakanga isina kumbokandwa pamhenderekedzo yorwizi."

Kushanyira bhiriji

Vatashanyi vazhinji vanogara vachifuridzirwa mushure mekuita kwechimiro ichi chikuru. Iwe unogonawo kupinda mukati mebhiriji, kubva kwaunoona maonero akanaka eLondon kubva pakushandura pakati pemasvingo maviri. Pane imwe nguva vakawana mukurumbira usina kufadza sehugaro hwemhombwe uye mapikicha. Kusvikidzwa chete kubva pamatanho, vaisamboshandiswa nevashambadziri vese uye vakavharwa muna 1910. Kudzokazve kwakaitika muna 1982 panguva yeChipatara Bridge kuratidzwa-chiratidzo chinowanikwa mumasvingo ebhurogi, kuchinja uye makamuri emakamuri maVictorian. Uyewo pano unogona kuona kubva mukati meTurban Bridge, mafirimu, mafirimu, achitaura nezvenhoroondo yezvishamiso zvinoshamisa. Izvo zvinonyanya kufarira zviyo zvinokonzerwa nemajini. Pamusangano wekuratidzira mari inoshandiswa.

Cosmetic repairs ya 2008-2012.

MunaMuvhuro 2008, zvakashamiswa kuti Tower Bridge yaizoita "kusimudza chiso" inosvika mamiriyoni mana mapaundi. Basa racho raive rakakura richibva pende yekare kusvika kune isina tsvina uye kugadziriswa kwebhuruu nemuchena mavara. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chainge chakakomberedzwa nemasango uye epurasitiki yekuchengetedza kuitira kuti pende yekare isapinde muTames uye inosvibisa rwizi. Kutanga pakati pegore ra2008, vashandi vekambani vakashanda kwepamusoro pechina chebhiriji panguva imwe chete kuti vadzivise matambudziko, asi dzimwe nguva kupfigwa kwemugwagwa kwaisakwanika.

Nzira yekupenda yakagadzirwa muna 2009. Uyewo, basa rakaitwa kuti rigadzirise bhiriji chiedza. Pakati pekushandura, chirongwa chekuvhenekera-chinangwa chakasimbiswa neEleni Shiarlis chakasungirirwa, sezvo chinoshandiswa pakuratidza uye kune zvimwe zvinangwa. Zvose zvinokonzerwa nenzira yemazuva ano pasina rubatsiro rwekurorera. Nekubatsirwa kwekuvhenekera, bhiriji yakawana maonero anoshamisa usiku.

Kuvandudzwa kwemaketani mana okusungirirwa kwakapedziswa muna March 2010 uchishandiswa purogiramu yakakosha yepende, inoda kusvika kumatanhatu matanhatu akasiyana.

Muchikamu chacho unogona kuona shanduko yeBridge Bridge, mufananidzo wekuti inoratidza kuvakwa kwahwo hwose.

Chinhu chinofadza

Pane nheyo iyo bhiriji raive raitengwa muna 1968 nemumwe muzvinabhizimisi weAmerica Robert McCulloch nekuda kwekuendesa kuMissouri. Ichi chikonzero, zvisinei, hachibvumirwi kwavari.

Muna Mbudzi 1997, mutungamiri weChishanu Clinton akaparadzaniswa semugumisiro wekuzarura bhiriji.