The ASCII, vatambi: tsananguro, patafura Codes uye mhando

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, kombiyuta rinochengeta mashoko binary chimiro, nacho sezvo kutevedzana kwezviitiko vaya uye zeros. Kushandura mashoko muchimiro akakodzera rinodyiwa nevanhu, mumwe yakasiyana kutevedzana nhamba kana kuratidza yatsiviwa runoenzanirana hunhu.

Mumwe kuwirirana hurongwa binary Codes kudhinda uye kuzvidzora vatambi ndiyo ASCII.

Panguva kuitika pamwero kukura zvigadzirwa kombiyuta inodzidzisa asingadi kuziva bumbiro remitemo nomumwe zvikuru chiratidzo. Zvisinei, vakawanda kunzwisisa sei Coding rinoitwa, zvinobatsira chaizvo, uye dzimwe Mapato ose vanachiremba uye zvose zvakafanira.

Create ASCII

In chepakutanga chimiro Coding zvakanzi yakatanga muna 1963 uye makore ipapo 25 kaviri achiudza.

In chepakutanga shanduro patafura ASCII unhu hunosanganisira 128 vatambi, akazozviratidza akatambanudzirwa shanduro, apo 128 vatambi okutanga vanoponeswa uye Codes nechokuita rechisere ikakuruma vakanyora mamiriro ayo zviratidzo kare vasipo.

Kwemakore, yeEncoding ichi ndiyo rakakurumbira munyika. Muna 2006 anotungamirira nzvimbo akatora Latin muna 1252, uye pakupera 2007 uye iye akabata kutungamirira nzvimbo zvakasimba Unicode.

Computer ASCII kumiririrwa

Mumwe ASCII-hunhu ine bumbiro rayo rinosanganisira 8 vatambi, anomirira munhu razero kana mumwe. Shoma Kuwanda kumiririrwa akadaro razero (zeros sere ari binary ino), ndiro tsime rokutanga chinhu patafura.

Maximum binary remitemo kuti ASCII shanduro chepakutanga riri null + anokwana zviyero nomwe, uye mune dzimwe shanduro - anokwana zviyero sere, zvakabatanidzwa wechisere wedzeredzei.

dzora vatambi

Kuzvidzora vatambi vanonzi zviratidzo kuti havana mufananidzo graphical uye rinoshandiswa kuti sangano acho, mudziyo zvakanaka, etc. Angaratidza mavambo kana magumo acho, Tabs, generating ruzha chiratidzo, siyana akavhiyiwa kuti TTY (teletype - .. Machine kuti mashoko hutachiwana zvemagetsi gwara) kupedza pamusoro goho mudziyo data, zvichingodaro kukanzura chiito.

In patafura ASCII unhu zvepamusoro 0 kusvika 31, uye 127 vari dzinounzwa kutonga vatambi. Vanosvika 33 zvinoratidza.

The vanotaurwa yasara

The yasara nzvimbo 95 zvakachengeterwa nyora mavanga uye akarongeka kushandiswa, grade digits, earufabheti, akasiyana remazita: "A" uye guta "A" chinjikira inoenderana zvakasiyana Zvinganzi zviratidzo zviri patafura ASCII hunhu.

Character nhamba tafura

Kana munhu aidaro-software kukura, kana kuti kuita mamwe mabasa mumwe kubva kusango mashoko michina, zvinokosha kuziva uwandu zvinoverengeka ASCII vatambi.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nzvimbo 0-31 uye 127 kudzora vatambi. Number 32 ari kupiwa nzvimbo, nhamba 33-47, uye 58-64 zvakachengeterwa nyora uye zvinokosha masvomhu kushandiswa.

Latin mabhii makuru akarongwa earufabheti uye inoverengwa kubva 65 fung 90 fung. tsamba Lowercase dziri akarongwa earufabheti, nzvimbo yavo - kubva 97 ndipo kusvika 122 ndipo. The nhamba dzasara (91-96 uye 123-126) yaakapa mumabhuraketi uye kufamba ndakaisa simbi mumakumbo, oblique uye ngaatarire chinhu, uyewo vamwe diacritical zvinoratidza.

Full tafura zviratidzo zviri graphical kumiririrwa rakafanira zvinogona kuonekwa mumufananidzo kumusoro. The mufananidzo pazasi inoratidza nhamba zviratidzo Russian ASCII unhu tafura.

yose ASCII

Sezvo yepakutanga shanduro Coding yakazokudziridzwa, inobva American nhengo, pane vasina akapa siyana kwete kunyora uye nyika bumbiro, asi kunyange kushandisa rakafanira pakati dzomutauro, Anonyatsoratidza kushandiswa mumitauro yokuEurope.

8th ikakuruma rave zvinobatanidzwa kuti paumbwe zvivharwe yeEncoding. Shanduro iyi zvinosanganisira zviratidzo bumbiro National European uye phonetic transcription, hwakajeka okunze, kushandiswa kudhirowa matafura, wandei kwemasvomhu zviratidzo.

Vamwe ASCII-mabhii kashoma kushandiswa nhasi. Zvikurukuru, rinoshanda vatambi kuti zvinoshandiswa kuzochera matafura, sezvo mumakore kubva kukura kwenguva yeEncoding, zvikuru yamunenge nzira graphical kumiririrwa matafura kunge dzatangwa.

National Variants yeEncoding

Kusati kwatombova ASCII akatambanudzirwa shanduro kuratidza vatambi dzakawanda vaishandisa remanufactured Shanduro Coding, apo kuisa tsamba Latin vakaiswa Russian, Greek, Arabic vanotaurwa.

Two Codes ari tafura zvakachengeterwa nokuchinja pakati mureza US-ASCII chacho National chinangwa.

Mushure ASCII yakava dzisina 128 uye 256 vatambi, kupararira nekuda Option Coding, chepakutanga shanduro tafura yachengetwa muna 128 Codes rokutanga iro pamwe razero 8th wedzeredzei. Signs National mabhuku mudura rokumusoro hafu patafura (128-255-fung nzvimbo).

Kuziva zvakananga ASCII hunhu Codes inodzidzisa haisi kuzvireva. Software yokuvaka iri kazhinji rakakwana kuziva nhamba chinhu tafura kuverenga code, kana zvakakodzera, uchishandisa binary hurongwa.

mutauro Russian

Zvichitevera chiitiko mangwanani 70-ies ose encodings nokuda mitauro Air, Chinese, Korean, Greek, nezvimwewo, Kuumba ravo shanduro vavimbisana uye Soviet Union. Nokukurumidza yakatanga shanduro 8-ikakuruma yeEncoding inonzi KOI8, kuchengetedza rokutanga 128 ASCII hunhu Codes uye allocates chete nhamba chinzvimbo pasi tsamba National arufabheti uye yokuwedzera vatambi.

Pamberi pakatanga Unicode KOI8 inodzorwa mune Russian chidimbu Indaneti. Paiva dzakasiyana yeEncoding nokuda Russian, uye nokuda Ukrainian arufabheti.

ASCII matambudziko

Sezvo nhamba zvinhu kunyange dzimwe tafura hazvirevi kupfuudza 256, mukana atiitirewo. rimwe yeEncoding dzakasiyana mumanyoro vasipo. Munguva 90s paiva nechinetso RuNet "Iii, marara" apo rugwaro vataipa Russian ASCII vatambi anonyorwa nepasipo.

Dambudziko raiva kuenderana nokuda Codes akasiyana nzira ASCII mumwe. Yeuka kuti munzvimbo 128-255 anogona kuiswa zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kana imi kuchinja Cyrillic hunhu kuisa mumwe, vose tsamba rugwaro vakatsiviwa nevamwe vane fanana nhamba iri imwe shanduro Codes.

mamiriro

With veMubatanidzwa Unicode ASCII mukurumbira rwatonhora.

Chikonzero ichi iri yokuti itsva unhu rinovira akabvumira dzine zviratidzo zvemitauro zvinenge zvose zvakanyorwa. Panyaya iyi, okutanga 128 ASCII vatambi dzinoenderana chete Unicode hunhu.

Muna 2000, chainyanya mukurumbira ASCII-coded paIndaneti uye akashandiswa 60% kubva indexed padandemutande mapeji "Google". Nechekare ne 2012 nhamba mapeji kwakadaro aregedza kusvika 17%, uye nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa yeEncoding akatora Unicode (UTF-8).

Saka, ASCII chinhu chinokosha munhoroondo mashoko michina, asi kushandiswa kwayo mune ramangwana sokuti unpromising.