Tsanangudzo, zvinokonzera, zviratidzo, kudzivirira uye kurapa kwekusingaperi nephritis

Tsitsi ndeimwe yezvinyanya kukosha zve excretory system of man. Muchiitiko chekuti basa rinowanzoitwa izvozvi zvinyorwa zvinosvibiswa, zvinopera nokuzvidzivirira-chepfu kwemuviri, kukura kweodema, kuwedzerwa kweropa, kushungurudzika kwemagetsi.

Chimiro chetsvo

Itsvo mumuviri maviri, muchimiro inofanana nemabhandi uye inowanikwa munzvimbo ye retroperitoneal kumativi ose emutsana pachiuno chechiuno. Munhu wose ane kamwe kamwe akawana chirwere chekuvhiringidza chepretory system, uye ndiani anoziva zviratidzo zvekusingaperi nephritis, zvakakwana anomiririra kwavari. Huru hweiyo itsvo duku, uye huwandu hahupfuuri 200 g.Ichikamu chine zvikamu zviviri: kunze (cortical) uye mukati (cerebral). Pamucheto wepamusoro, impimpano inobatanidza nemidziyo yeropa, panewo chidimbu chakakosha - iyo renal pelvis, iyo inobva mumushure.

Chimiro chezvikamu izvi chakaoma kwazvo uye chinodzidzwa pamatanho mashoma. Inozivikanwa ndiyo inonyanya kuumbwa uye yakashanda chikamu chetsvo - nephron, iri mu-cortical layer uye inosanganisira glomeruli yeropa capillaries yakavharwa mu capsules uye tubules. Mapapurasi anoumbwa semugumisiro webhuta rezvechirwere, uye ndinofanira kutaura, kuwedzera mukati maro kwakanyanya. Kufunga: kwemaminitsi 4-5 yese ropa riri mumuviri wemunhu rinokwanisa kupfuura nemutsvo, uye urefu hwose hwetsvo tubules hunosvika 100 km.

Iroyi basa

Nhamba yeephroni dziri muitsvo inonakidza: iine mamiriyoni imwe mune imwe neimwe yavo. Kuburikidza ne-glomeruli yezvivako zvemuumbi, anenge 200 maita emuginhi wekutanga anonatswa nezuva, iyo yakafanana mukugadzirwa kune plasma yeropa, chete isina yeprotein uye ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinodiwa mumuviri. Mu convoluted tubules, kune kuchinja kwemashure muropa rezvinhu zvakawanda, pamwe nekuvhara, kureva, kusunungurwa kwezvikamu zvezvinhu kubva muropa kusvika mumurini. Mugove wekupedzisira wemuti wave watova 1.7-2 litita. Iyo inopinda mu renal pelvis uye chikanya. Basa rehitsvo rinoramba richichinja zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekunze uye mukati memo uye rinotungamirirwa nehutano hwemagetsi.

Mukuwedzera kune basa rakanyanyisa, itsvo dzichiri endocrine uye zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi, uyewo kuchengetedza mhepo yakadzikama-munyu uye asiyasi-yekasiyano, inotora chikamu chinoshanda muropa, kakawanda kuburikidza nezuva iro rinopfurikidza iro pacharo ropa rose mumumuviri wemunhu uye richibvisa zvinhu zvisingakoshi.

Kidyo Diseases

Nezvirwere zvetsvo, pane zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa. Kusvibiswa kwebasa ravo kunoratidzirwa nekurwadziwa kunowanikwa munzvimbo yakakonzera, kubva kune imwe kana kumativi maviri. Edema pane zviso uye kumagumo anoratidzawo kuputsa kwemabasa ezvi nhengo idzi. Kusuruvara uye kuwedzerwa nguva yakawanda yokudhonza, kuchinja mumucho weropa, kuvapo kweropa mukati maro - zviratidzo izvi zvinoratidza zvakajeka kuti itsvo dzakaputsika. Zvirwere zvinovhiringidza zvezvikamu izvi zvinowanzosangana nekuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa: kuwedzerwa kuneta, kupera kweganda, kusava nenzara nevamwe.

Nehritis haisi imwe chete, asi boka rezvirwere zvinosanganisira kuvapo kwekuvhiringidza mukati mamasumbu eitsvo. Nehupenyu hwemazuva ano hunoparadzanisa pakati pechirwere uye chisingagumi nephritis. Izvo zvakasiyana zvezvikonzero zvekuvhiringidza uye kune zvikamu zvakakanganiswa zveiiyo. Kuvhiringidza kunogona kupararira kusvika kuinso rose (kufanana kwemafomu), uye kunogona kukanganisa kukudzwa kwayo chete (foci fomu). Mune maitiro akaoma, zviratidzo zvinodanwa, kutonhora kwemuviri kunowedzera, asi asingagumi nephritis chirwere chinogona kunge chisingaiti.

Mhando mikuru yeNephritis. Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis ndiyo chirwere chinonyanya kupisa chetsvo, uye inokonzerwa nehutachiona hwepabhakitiriya hunopinda muitsvo, kana neropa rekuyerera kana maturakiti emuguta. Mune mhaka iyi, chirwere chemafuro-chinokonzera mafungiro chinokanganisa. Kutambura kubva kune chisingagumi nephritis yezvipenyu izvi zvinogona ivo avo munguva yavo vakatambura chikamu chakaoma chechirwere uye havana kuuya nemishonga yake kusvika kumugumo. Vanhu vakadaro vanofanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya mamiriro avo ezvinhu: kunyatsovaka chikafu, kudzivisa hypothermia. Vanaamai vari kumangwana vari panjodzi yekuwana pyelonephritis, sezvo fetus iri kukura inokurudzira ureters.

Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis inonziwo glomerular nephritis. Izvo zvinoenderana nekudzivirira kwezvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri kwe glomerulus yephrons, iyo inomuka pasi pechiito chemuviri wemuviri, asi chirwere chacho chinogonawo kuva chirwere chetachiona shure kwezvirwere zvinopararira zvehutachiona uye bhakitiriya. Chiito chezvinhu zvinosvibisa (doro, zvinodhaka, mercury) zvinogonawo kuva chikonzero che glomerulonephritis.

Izvo zvatove zvataurwa kuti ndiyo glomeruli inoshanda semafuta mumutumbi. Kana basa ravo rakanaka richivhiringidzika, zvinhu zvinodiwa nemuviri zvinotanga kupinda mumuguta, uye zvigadzirwa zvekuora zvinorega kusunungurwa pazviri. Munhu anotambura nehuwandu hwehutachiona, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kumarwadziwa, kusuruvara, kuvhara, kupera kwekufema uye kukanganiswa kwekuda. Chimwe chinhu chisingagumi nephritis chemhando iyi ndiyo kushandiswa kwemazuva ekuregererwa nezvikamu zvekuwedzera kwezviratidzo. Chirwere chisina kuwanika kurapwa kwakakwana kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwechirwere chisingaperi.

Interstitial nephritis

Necrital nephritis chirwere umo kuparadzwa kwemuviri wepakati uye nephron tubules kunoitika. Izvi zvinoitika semashandisirwo ekushandisa zvinodhaka, kunyanya mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye diuretics, pamwe nemishonga inopesana nekuputira, zvinopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvimwe mabhakitiriya uye hutachiona hwehutachiona, izvo munyaya iyi hazvibatsiri sechikonzero, asi sechirwere chinokonzera chirwere chinokonzera. Kunyange pakati pezvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nechirwere ichi zvinopisa chepfu nehuipi nekukuvadza kubva pamigumisiro yemahara. Sezvo mukatikati reNephritis mune basa rakavhiringidza re tubules, uye kuputika hakuparadzi kune renal pelvis, chirwere ichi chinonziwo tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti iyo inorondedzerwa chimiro chechirwere ichi chine chimiro chekuenderera mberi zvachose kusvikira ichipinda muchirwere tubulointerstitial nephritis. Kuvandudza hutachiona hunoita kuti pave nezviratidzo zvekudhakwa kwemuviri. Izvo zvakaoma kukwanisa kuziva rudzi urwu rwekusingaperi nephritis. Varwere vanonyunyuta pamuromo wakaoma, nenyota nguva dzose, asi zvinetso zvekuvhenekera, izvo zvinoratidzika kune dzimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa, hazvigone kuonekwa pakutanga, marwadzo muzasi kumashure haana simba, asi chinhu chinowanzoonekwa chiri kuonekwa kwechirwere chinokonzera muviri. Kana chironic tubulointerstitial nephritis isingazivikanwi kuongorora, ipapo kuongororwa kwekuongorora, kwakadai semafungiro eputsvo, kunogona kutendeseka zvakajeka kuvapo kana kusavapo kwechirwere ichi.

Kurapa kwechigarire nephritis

Chronic nephritis yeiyo tsvete inenge nguva dzose inoguma yekusakwana kwakakwana nephritis. Dzimwe nguva, kunyange chimiro chisingagumi chinogona kukura pasina purogiramu yakaoma munguva yakapfuura, asi zvino, zvichida, pane dzimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira. Muzvirwere zvisingaperi zvepfungwa, kushanduka kwemaatomical kunoitika mavari, kusvikira kumira kwezvikamu.

Kurapa kwekusingaperi nephritis, hongu, kunobva kune rudzi rwechirwere. Asi pane mitemo yakawanda. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kubvisa foci yezvirwere mumuviri pamwe nekubatsirwa nemishonga. Iwe unofanirwa kudzivisa kushanda mumuviri, kushushikana, hypothermia. Mune nguva yekuwedzerwa, kuzorora zvakakwana kwebhedha kunoda. Kubvumira kusarudzwa kwemairatics, hormonal therapy. Zvisinei, mishonga inofanira kurongerwa chete nechiremba. Zvinetso neitsvo zvakanyanya kuoma kuti uzvibvumire kuzviita mukurapa.

Kudya mukurapa chirwere chetsvo kunonongedzerwa kusaisa pamusoro pechirwere chinorwara nekuvandudza kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa neine nitrogenous kubva pamuviri, asi panguva imwechete iyo zvokudya zvinofanira kuva nehupfumi mumavitamini. Kushandiswa kwemunyu kunongorambidzwa kana kubviswa zvachose. Inokurudzirwa kubika kana kubika nyama nehove, asi usatsvaga. Kushandisa vanachiremba mvura kunopa mazano ekuderedza kusvika 1 litre pazuva. Doroti, chokoti, kofi, nguva yechingwa inorambidzwa.

Kudzivirira

Nekusingaperi nephritis, kudzivirira kunoderedzwa kudzivisa kuwedzera kwechirwere nenzira dzose. Uye nokuda kweizvi zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvidzivirirwe kubva kune hutachiona, hypothermia uye kwete kutakura mhuka nemitoro yakasimba yemuviri. Mukuwedzera, chero mishonga, kusanganisira anti-inflammatory drugs uye analgesics, inofanira kushandiswa nekuchenjerera, chete pane zviratidzo uye pasi pekutarisirwa kwechiremba.