United Arab Republic uye ayo sezvamunoita. Nguo kwezvombo uye mari yacho United Arab Republic

United Arab Republic hwakagadzwa muna 1958 sezvo chikamu muIjipiti uye Siria, uye kusvikira 1961, apo yokupedzisira vakabva nayo mushure kubvuta masimba. Egypt akaramba pamutemo kunzi United Arab Republic kusvikira 1971.

MARARAMIRO tichibatanidza

February 1, 1958 boka vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika uye zvehondo weSiriya akapa kuna President Egyptian Gamal Abdel Nasser batanidzo kunyika maviri sezvo danho rokutanga munzira kuenda guru pani-Arab mamiriro.

Aya kuti ibatane maArab vose rakagara richidudzirwa nesimba chaizvo muSiriya, uye Nasser aiva akakurumbira mutungamiri munyika dzechiArabhu pashure neSuez War muna 1956. Party of Arab Socialist Renaissance (Baath) yaiva huru mutsigiri mubatanidzwa akadaro.

Paaiva muSiriya, pane kupesana pakati muedzo ayo chinzvimbo vaKomonisiti uye Party iyo yave achitonga Baath Party, iyo akamborara chinhu womukati dambudziko iyo nhengo dzayo vakakurumbira vakatsvaka kuwana ruponeso muchimiro kubatana neIjipiti. Siriya yave nyika democratic kubva pakaparadzwa hurumende nemauto muna 1954, asi muchiuto vakaramba kutamba hukuru basa munyika zvese. Izvi hazvina aenderane anokwezva uye asingatani authoritarianism Nasser, uyo vachishuva zvizere nechekuita mukugarisana weSiria magetsi pasi utungamiriri hwake, "muEgipita" mamiriro hurumende.

Start kushamwaridzana

Final anoreva Nasser Union vakanga inokosha uye vasiri hachichinjiki.:

• referendamu pamusoro vanhu revatsigiri kubatana kunyika maviri;
• pokufa vemapato;
• kushaya weuto kubva zvematongerwo enyika.

Nepo referendamu sokuti zvine mwero vakawanda reSiriya vepamusoro, okupedzisira mazwi maviri ayo chaizvo kuvhundutswa. Vakawanda vaidavira kuti kwavo sevanakomana aigona kuparadza upenyu enyika muSiriya. Pasinei nezvokunetseka izvi, vatungamiriri reSiriya aiziva zvakanga yapera kudzoka. Elite muSiriya kunoonekwa sechinhu batanidzo neIjipiti sezvo zvitori, senzira kurwisa unosimbisa pokudzora vaKomonisiti. Vaidavira kuti Nasser zvinhu zvakanga zvisina kunaka, asi, vakapiwa simba kumanikidzwa mukati yavo nyika, vaidavira kuti vakanga vasina imwe sarudzo.

President Egyptian Nasser uye reSiriya mutungamiri Kuatli 01/02/1958 akanga akasaina rokutanga chibvumirano kubatanidza dzivakwe munyika dzavo. Kunyange zvazvo munhu akasaina kuzivisa zvinoreva kuti United Arab Republic ari muIjipiti uye Siria, asi akasimbisa kuti UAR anogona kupinda chero vechiArabhu nyika. Held mumwedzi iwoyo, nyika mbiri kwakaita rutsigiro rwavo Union nemareferenda avanhu vavo.

Nasser akava purezidhendi Zimbabwe Republic, uye nokukurumidza akatanga kudzvinyirira pamusoro reSiriya vaKomonisiti uye vavengi mubatanidzwa, vakanga adzingwa zvavo mbiru.

Tsika chaiyo kuvaka enyika SAR

Vatsigiri pamwe Egipita aidavira kuti Nasser anoshandisa avo Baath Party kudzora Siriya (mu mufananidzo pazasi riri kuratidzwa boka pamwe havaoni webato muna 1958). Zvinosuruvarisa kuti Baathists, chinangwa chake chaiva asiri simba zvakafanana pakati pavaEgipita uye vaSiriya. Nasser akasimbisa mutsva dikidiki remitemo, maererano izvo United Arab Republic akagashira National Assembly (paramende) nhengo 600 (400 kubva kuIjipiti uye 200 kubva Siriya), ukaparadzawo zvose enyika reSiriya nemapato, kusanganisira Baath. The chete zviri pamutemo webato iri United Arab Republic aifarira wenyika National Union.

Siriya neIjipiti vari vaviri dzisakarurama zvikamu UAR

Kunyange zvazvo Nasser uye kubvumirwa vaimboshanda Baath Party kutora munhu akakurumbira chinzvimbo hurongwa simba, asi havasati yakasvika kuti uremu utariri munyika dzavo sezvo vakuru veIjipiti. In yechando uye chitubu 1959-60 gg. Nasser zvishoma nezvishoma "kusvinwa" akakurumbira vaSiriya inokosha nzvimbo. MuSiriya Bazi Industry Somuenzaniso, manomwe namatatu mwero vakazadzwa navaEgipita. The General Petroleum Administration, ina pamusoro vatungamiri matanhatu vaiva vaEgipita.

Mari kutendeuka UAR

Muna June 1960, Nasser akaedza kushandisa zvinhu zvemari kuti vaifanira kuuya muSiriya zvoupfumi kwakavakirwa chaiyo, Egipita, inobva kutonga vanhu voruzhinji zvekutepfenyura mairi. Nasser akatanga zvisina mukare sefungu nationalization muSiriya uye muIjipiti. Panyaya iyi, maonero reSiriya vepamusoro kufuratirwa. Vose donje kutengeserana pakuiswa pasi kudzora hurumende, uyewo yakanga nationalized ose imupota-ekisipoti zvakasimba. Nasser yakazivisa nationalization kuti mabhanga, makambani inishuwarenzi uye yose rinorema indasitiri. feddans minda anopfuura 100 (1 feddan = 4200m ²⁾ inozviisa caffeine kubva varidzi (chairwo chimiro "dekulakization" muchiArabic). Mitero pamusoro vanhuwo zvavo vave zvikuru akaderedza vpolot kupedzisa abolition, mune zvimwe zviitiko. Devyanostoprotsentny mutero rave yakaiswa pamusoro mari zvose pamusoro 10,000 pondo muIjipiti. Vashandi uye vashandi vave vakabvuma kuti zvebhizimisi zvakanaka uye kodzero yokugamuchira 25% kubva purofiti yavo. The paavhareji nguva rainge wakaderedzwa kusvika maawa manomwe pasina yokuderedza mubayiro.

Urefu antiegipetskih pfungwa

Haasi munhu wose aida muSiriya yakafanana kwokushanduka mweya "gutsaruzhinji Arab". Vatariri vehondo reSiriya kuudzwa omurume nzvimbo yake pamberi muEgipita navatariri, uye reSiriya Bedouin madzinza vakagamuchira mari kubva Saudi Arabia kwakavatadzisa kuva vakavimbika kuna Nasser. Uyezve, nyika kuchinja mune yokuIjipiti manyorerwo kwakatungamirira kuparadzwa reSiriya zvokurima, vaKomonisiti kamwe zvakare akatanga kuwana simba, uye vakadzidza of Baath Party, izvo pakutanga akatsigira mubatanidzwa vakachinja manzwiro avo.

Panguva iyoyo vari muIjipiti, zvinhu zvakanga zvakanaka pamwe kuwedzera GDP kubudikidza 4.5% uye kukurumidza kukura indasitiri kuburikidza kukura musika wayo muSiriya. Izvi zvakabatsira kuti kukura yokusagutsikana muSiriya.

Relations nevavakidzani

RekuUnited United Arab Republic chaionekwa sezvo nengozi kuti pedyo ushe (panguva) - Iraq uye Jordan. Siriya chinoonekwa seinokonzera vose monarchies incitement kuti chimurenga uye utiziro revapanduki kuita zvinopesana Jordanian King Hussein uye Iraqi mambo Faisal II. Egypt unowanzoonekwa sechinhu ezvinhu vaipikisa kuMadokero, kutsigira zvose monarchical hwechiKomonisiti. Naizvozvo, United Arab Republic uye Joridhani, runoonekwa Iraq somunhu zvakananga mupikisi. Nyika mbiri dzine kare antinaserovsky muchiuto kubatana murayiro kwakabatana muchiuto uye imwe chete kuzvidzivirira bhajeti yakatangwa February 1958, 80% kwakanga kupa Iraq uye akasara 20% - Jordan. Kutaura zvazviri, pakanga Federation nyika mbiri Zvisinei, nokukurumidza akawira vega.

Venga akagamuchira pakusikwa UAR uye pedyo Rebhanoni, ane mutungamiri, Kamil Shamun, aipikisa Nasser. Munyika, musazonetsanazve rakamuka pakati vatsigiri accession kuUnited Arab Republic uye vatsigiri rusununguko.

Revolution muna Iraq

July 14, 1958 Iraqi mapurisa kufanorongwa nevapanduki uye akapidigura umambo munyika. Nasser angoona hurumende itsva uye akati kuti "chero kurwiswa Iraq yaizova kwakangofanana kurwiswa pamusoro United Arab Republic." Zuva rakatevera, US Marines uye British mauto tikamira muRebhanoni Jorodhani kudzivirira zvose kunyika kubva pakurwiswa pronaserovskih mauto.

Nasser vaifungidzira kuti United Arab Republic akakurumidza akawedzera nhengo itsva - Iraq. Zvisinei, itsva Iraqi utungamiriri, vachiona zvaitika vazvo muSiriya muna United Arab Republic, haana kunonoka kupa simba. Uye muna 1959, ari Iraqi Prime Minister Kassem matsime Nhaurirano zvose pamusoro accession kuUnited Arab Republic.

Muna 1963, pashure kuuya nesimba muSiriya Iraq, vamiririri Baath Party, mumwe kuedza itsva kubatanidza nyika idzi uye Ijipiti yave ashandiswe. Kunyange vatungamiriri venyika nhatu akasaina pamwe communique pamusoro pokugadzwa Federation. Asi zvino reunification haina kufamba nekuti vamwe kusiyana pakati nyika maererano gosustroystve itsva nyika.

Pokuwa SAR yayo rakazotevera

September 28, 1961 boka vakuru kufanorongwa nevapanduki uye vakazivisa rusununguko kubva United Arab Republic weSiria. Nepo kubvuta masimba vatungamiri vakanga vagadzirira kuramba kuvapo Union pane zvimwe zvinhu kuti akaisa Siriya on akamira akaenzana Egipita, asi Nasser akaramba nzwisisa ichi. Iye pakutanga kutumira mauto kupidigura hurumende itsva, asi akaramba kuita izvi nokukurumidza akaudzwa kuti wokupedzisira vatsigiri vayo muSiriya akaziva hurumende itsva. The kutaura yakatevera reSiriya pakuru, Nasser akazivisa kumbobvira kuti aizopa dzavo chinangwa okupedzisira pani-Arab mubatanidzwa. Zvisinei, haazombofi vawane zvitsva chaihwo mberi kune chinangwa ichi.

Nasser anotarisira kuti kumutsidzirwa Union, zvinoratidzwa chokuti munguva yake Ijipiti akaramba kunzi "SAR", iro kusvikira 1971.

A kuedza mutsva wokubatanidza dzemaArabhu vakatenda muna 70s, Libyan mutungamiri Muammar Gaddafi. Somugumisiro ake kuita vakauya Federation of Arab Republics muna 1971 (AFD) sechikamu Libya, Ijipiti uye Siria, izvo kusvikira 1977 (mu mufananidzo pazasi vatungamiri venyika nhatu dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro Federation). dzidzo ichi chakanga declarative hunhu, chero vakawanda PAR chidhiraivho haripo, uye nhengo inoti vanogara vachitsvaka kugumisa bilateral kubatana (Libya, Egypt, Siriya, Egypt) mukati Federation. Libya uye Ijipiti kunyange akanga zvishoma kuita zvimwe kurwa muna 1977, nhengo vasara kure.

United Arab Republic: jasi kwezvombo uye mureza

UAR kushandisa mureza inobva pamasikiro Arab Liberation mureza vanomutswa panguva muEgipita yechimurenga 1952, asi nyeredzi maviri anomirira zvikamu maviri United Arab Republic. Sezvo 1980 ndiye yepamutemo mureza weSiria. Muna 1963, Iraq kushandisa mureza yakanga anenge kufanana kuti mureza of United Arab Republic atova defunct, asi nyeredzi matatu, rinomiririra tariro kuti nyika ibatane achapora.

SAR aiva maoko maoko, nechepakati mufananidzo wakanga saizvozvo. Inonzi. Eagle pakati Saladin - gondo, anodzokorora kuMudzidzisi Bhanabhasi-kuzorodzwa kumadokero rusvingo Cairo wenhare yakavakwa Saladin. On chegondo pazamu inhoo pamwe kutwasuka mitsetse matatu yechitema - red, chena uye dema, uye vaviri mitema nyeredzi pakati chena mutsetse. Ava vana Mavara kudaro. Inonzi. "Pan-Arab mavara", vaiva nemumicheka petsanga siyana reArab Caliphate.

Mutema Ribbon iri nenzara yegondo Zviine chinyorwa nemabhii Arabic. "United Arab Republic"

Chii mari vaifamba dzidzo paruzhinji, sezvo United Arab Republic? Coins mumasangano imwe paundi muIjipiti uye mumwe Pound reSiriya hunonzi vane riparadzirwe vakaenzana Zimbabwe Republic, kunyange kushandiswa zvavo zvomene rave vemunyika kuMudzidzisi dzenyika.
Mufananidzo pamusoro rinoratidza nemari imwe paundi, kusunungurwa United Arab Republic (Ijipiti) muna 1970 pashure pokufa President Nasser.