Gora (norudzi): Dzekare Nedzazvino

Wakambonzwa here nezvevanhu vanonzi "Gurans"? "Norudzi? Chokwadi rudzi "? - iwe Zvimwe kufunga. Shoko iri akakweretwa kubva mutauro Buryat. Saka vakatumidza murume nondo. The eMongolia, Evenki, Kalmyks uye nevamwe vanhu akadana Altai mhuka idzi ichiyevedza seshoko "wavakasarudza". Saka izvi ndizvo vanhu, izvo kashoma kuti mumwe munhu anoziva?

nyaya

Chokwadi hapana munhu anogona kunyatsotaura kuti nguva iri Trans-Baikal nharaunda, muna Altai Territory, okutanga vatsvakurudzi Russian. Asi chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi: raiva refu chaizvo nguva, uye ipapo pakanga vanhu vanonzi "Gurans". Nyika, ichi chaiva mugumisiro dzakasiyana-siyana makunakuna. Mushure wokutanga Russian vakagara munzvimbo iyi mukuvamba namanomwe remakore, uye vakatanga kurarama pakati runodiwa, kuti, zviri Evenki uye Buryats, zvishoma nezvishoma wakafananidzwa navo, vakaedza kutevedzera tsika dzavo uye tsika - neshoko, akatora pamusoro pezvokuvamba nemagariro uye upenyu Altai. Panguva iyoyo vakanga musakanganwa mutauro wavo uye musarasikirwe munhu necheSalvic ani. Izvi zvinoreva kuti tsika dzavo uye nzira youpenyu, pamusoro kwenguva, zvose kuva Russian uye Buryat-Eveno zvinhu.

Ukuwo, vanhu vakatamira Russian vakauya kuna upenyu vagari Transbaikalia idzva zvinhu kuri muna necheSalvic mararamiro uye tsika nemagariro, zvakadai zvokurima, madhorobha kuvakwa, etc. Saka, muzvikamu izvi vakatanga kuumba mutsva mhando yevanhu zvakavhenganiswa neropa - .. Gora, vane nyika yakanga zvakaoma kuona. Vaiva kongiri kuti marudzi maviri - Mongoloid uye European, uye rudzi rwechina.

mavambo

Maererano yaMakoronike, nechekare muzana remakore rechi18 Gurans akararama pano. Nyika (Nhoroondo anopupurira ichi) haana pamutemo kushandisa. Zviri, asi, ane dzinza. Dzimwe nguva shoko rokuti "Guran" akaonekwa ave remadunhu- vanhu vane madzitateguru zvaiva marudzi akasiyana uye marudzi, pakati pavo Buryats, eMongolia, Evenki, Manchus uye, chokwadi, Russian. Asi nei boka iri dzinza pakuzivikanwa se chete saka kwete zvimwe?

Trans-Baikal Cossacks vakanga ukazviitira heti chando ngakuite nemharapara yenondo mbava, izvo zvemo vanhu vanonzi guranami. Zvisinei, vakasiya nyanga, kuti kuvhima, kupinda mhuka vanotambudzwa kutsausa. Sezvaunoziva, muzvikamu izvi yechando refu, saka Cossacks vaipfeka heti izvi kwenguva refu. Uye vakatanga kuziva pamwe nemhara.

Ndevapi Gurans - rudzi kana dzinza?

Panyaya nyaya iyi saka kure nharo. Maererano neimwe pfungwa, nokuda hybridization kana interpenetration siyana ethnicities zvingaitika kwete chete kunyangarika yekare, asiwo chidzoke itsva boka redzinza. Chokwadi, nguva dzose zvinoita, asi Trans-Baikal nharaunda rakanakira izvi. Saka pamusana kwemapazi avanhu izvi sezvo Buryat, Evenki uye Russian, mutsva mhando vanhu vemo, zvisina kufanana wokutanga, kana yechipiri, kana yechitatu. Uye hakusi uchapupu kuti Gurans - nyika (ona mufananidzo munyaya)? Kunyange zvakadaro, muna "Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia" mashoko zvakadaro vanhu ikoko. Guran (nyika) akasarudzwa sezvo mhando vemo, inobva zvitatu madzinza: asi Buryat, Evenkiyskiy uye Russian. Nenzira, izwi iri dzimwe nguva unotsiva shoko Zabaikalets.

Nyaya chakaitika kuna Khabarov

Pane imwe ngano nezvekwakabva rakapihwa nyika. Rimwe zuva muna mukupera yechando Russian mufambi aiongorora Erofey Khabarov vakapfuura Baikal. Akanga akatasva Sled pamwe anorairira pamberi mudungwe wemabhazi. Zvino nzira vanocheka zvinomhanyisa dzakaparadzana nondo, ichiteverwa kudzinganisana zvishoma murume vatorwa mbava nguo. Khabarov coachman akabvunza: ndiani? Uye akafunga kuti tenzi wake ari kufunga kuti kumhanya mberi mhuka, akati Guran.

tsananguro

Mune ngano pamusoro veko, unogona kuwana mashoko akakwana rondedzero Gurans vamiririri dzinza. rudzi dzavo, kunyange zvazvo asina kunyorwa muna mapasipoti, asi sevanhu kune dzinza taura maitiro. Chekutanga, vanogona kuwana nezvaanoda. Havasi maturo, rudo, kuva Cossack mweya simba. Kana evasingatombonamati nechitarisiko chavo, meso avo poluraskosye, cheekbones akamuka kubva eMongolia uye ziso ruvara zvinogona wakajeka kunyange mutema. ganda ravo rima uye kunyanya dema nebvudzi. Panzira, vanhu vakavhengana rudzi kufanana American maIndia. In shoko, ini zvitarire zvekumwe chaizvo, aine predominance pakati zviratidzo Mongoloid rudzi. Kunze, guranov yakatanga zvakanaka tsandanyama, vane kuchinja uye zvakakwana nyanzvi pane zvombo. Panguva iyoyo, vamiririri boka iri dzinza vakarwira miganhu kuSiberia kubva vachirwisa avanhu pedyo - the Chinese uye eMongolia.

Gurans: nyika, modernity

Kubva mashoko pachavo vamiririri rudzi urwu, vari kupeta ikozvino vakachengetedzwa tsika madzitateguru avo, vakanga vaigara Trans-Baikal nharaunda. Vanoona pachavo sezvo kupfuura Russian, asi usakanganwa kuti ropa runoyerera mavari Guran. The vamiririri rudzi urwu ane zvakawanda tsika, ngano uye nyaya upenyu yemadzitateguru avo. Nokudzidza kwavo, unoziva kuti kuna Russian tsika chizenga kwavo kwakaoma. Buryat kana Evenkiyskiy (Tunguska) zvakare zvachose vasipo. Kubva musi uyu, munoziva kuti ichi ndechimwe chinhu chakaparadzana vanhu, chaizvo zvinhu hwokuzvarwa mariri. Asi Russian ethnographer Nikolai Yadrintsev akafunga Gurans - haisi urudzi, asi pa "remunharaunda mhando" svoeystvennymi hwake noruzhinji zvinhu.

A musanganiswa chena yellow ropa

Chokwadi, zviri musanganiswa vemarudzi. Mongoloid, inowanzonzi kunzi yero, uye European, pasinei akasiyana noruvara ganda, riri kuonekwa chena. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti pakutanga guranami akadana vanhu vaya vaibva vaiitawo pamusoro Cossacks Russian uye vanhuwo zvavo kubva Tungus. Gare gare zita uyu dzakabatanidzwa munhu ane zviratidzo akafanana Caucasoid (chena) uye Mongoloid (Mongoloid) rudzi. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi munhuwo mestizo, kureva vaya unobereka mucherechedzo nezvizvarwa.

Dyrovery - Transbaikalia hana!

Sezvambotaurwa, ita Gurans funga pachangu zvakawanda Russian pane Buryats kana Tungus, asi zvinofadza kuziva nokutenda vanokambira kuti chinzvimbo, mune chii kana ani kudavira. In Transbaikalia mumazana emakore apfuura, pane machechi echiKristu akawanda. Panguva iyoyo zvakasikwa kwete veshoko, uye akasimuka nomuzvarirwo. Zvisinei, vamwe vavo angaita kwatiri yomusango. Somuenzaniso, vakawanda vari Gurans dyroverami. Havana kunamata mifananidzo, uye makomba, dzikapfeka kuti, kufungisisa pezvakasikwa kuburikidza mumakomba izvi, havana kuwana simba. vatendi ava vanogara voga kubva vamwe, kuroora pachavo chete, ndivo wakaoma, hwokuzvinyima upenyu. Vakakwanisa kuchengeta ropa ravo, tsika.