"Utsotsi uye Kurangwa": wongororo. "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" by Fodora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo: pfupiso vanonyanya kutaurwa

Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha creators kwete chete mabhuku Russian, asiwo nyika, kwaiwo zvose. The enganonyorwa ari munyori kukuru nhasi rakashandurwa uye inobudiswa zvakawanda mitauro. basa Dostoevsky kwakaita zvakazadza tsitsi uye rusingaperi kwevanhuwo zvavo. tarenda Unique kuratidza zvakadzamisisa unhu mweya womunhu, izvo ose saka kunyatsoongorora anovanza kubva pasi pose - ndicho vanhu chii mwoyo mabasa munyori mukuru.

Fyodor Dostoevsky: "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" - gore kunyora uye muverengi wongororo

Zvichida dzichipesana kuti Dostoevsky kuti yokufungidzira - zviri "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa". Zvakanyorwa 1866, zvakanga akaita zvinhu zvisingafi kudhinda vanoremekedzwa vateereri vaverengi. Senguva dzose, zvinofungwa ikatsemuka. Vamwe, pamusoro leafed kuburikidza mapeji okutanga shoma, vakatsamwa: "yakapambadzirwa musoro!" Vaya akatora kuverenga chinhu, chete kusimbisa mamiriro avo uye kuzvirumbidza chaizvo chokwadi kuverenga uye asinganzwisisi pfungwa yemunyori, urombo zvechokwadi nokuda akatendeseka mhondi. Vamwezve vakakanda yokufungidzira, achiti: "! Chii kutambudzika - bhuku rino"

Ndivo rakajairika mhinduro. "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa", chigadzirwa kunokosha saka ari mabhuku nyika, hazvina pakarepo kuwanikwa yakafanira pamutemo. Zvisinei, hazvina unopfuura zvakachinja nzira yose munzanga upenyu rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore. Zvino yemichato zvenyika uye fashoni manheru basa raiva nyaya kukurukura. Kuzadza vachinyara runyararo aigona kuva inotsanangura Raskolnikov. Vaya vakanga dambudziko kwete zvakananga kuverenga chigadzirwa nokukurumidza kubata.

A pfungwa dzenhema yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa"

Ndinonzwisisa chii chaiva kuratidza muverengi Dostoevsky kuti yokufungidzira, apo zvishoma aigona. Most makaona chete muromo iceberg: Student akauraya, mudzidzi kupenga. Version kupenga uye aitsigira vatsoropodzi vakawanda. Pakadaro, ivo chete vaona penga pfungwa upenyu norufu protagonist. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi: unofanira kutarisa zvakadzama kupinda mweya, kuti kukwanisa kubata kwounyengeri zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika panguva wechokwadi hunowanika.

Matambudziko yakamutswa F. M. Dostoevskim

Nyaya huru yakamutswa nokuda munyori, zvakaoma kusiyanisa kubva zororo - zvakare chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda anobudiswa "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa". Bhuku rine matambudziko dzetsika, kana pane, kusamuda; matambudziko evanhu kuti ape kumuka kusaruramisira pakati akafanana pakutanga kuaona vanhu. Not yokupedzisira basa iri kuridzwa ne dingindira zvisizvo kukoshesa: munyori anoratidza chii chinoitika vanhu kufunga mari.

Kusiyana nezvinofungwa nevakawanda, asi protagonist kuti Dostoevsky kuti yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" harumiririri wechidiki chizvarwa iyoyo. Vatsoropodzi vakawanda zvichishandurwa hunhu ichi pamwe noruvengo, kusarudza kuti Raskolnikov munyori akaratidza kushora nevakawanda mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, rwizi - nihilism. Zvisinei, dzidziso iyi ndiyo chinhu chakaipa; mudzidzi varombo Dostoevsky akaratidza chete nedambudziko ezvinhu, murume akaputsa pasi kumanikidzwa mumagariro zvakaipa.

Pfupiso of yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa"

Zviitiko zvinotsanangurwa kutora nzvimbo 60 wacho. Remakore rechi19, mune kwakakwidibira Petersburg. Rodion Raskolnikov, murombo jaya, aimbova mudzidzi, kumanikidzwa kurarama atiki ane furati. Waneta urombo, izvozvo rwunotumirwa okuberekwa mari-akakweretesa, kuti vateye chokupedzisira ukoshi. Kujairirana chidhakwa Marmeladov, uye amai vake tsamba, iyo inorondedzera navo ake mwanasikana upenyu hwakaoma, kumugombedzera Rodion zvinotyisa pfungwa - umhondi old mukadzi. Anotenda kuti mari anogona kutora akakweretesa achakwanisa kuti upenyu nyore kwaari, kana kwete, ipapo zvinenge mhuri yake.

Pfungwa chisimba zvinopesana mudzidzi, asi akasarudza kuita mhosva. Kunzwisisa kwake dzidziso Raskolnikov rubatsiro inotora mashoko kubva 'Utsotsi uye Kurangwa, "Dostoevsky" Mune rimwe chete upenyu -. Zviuru zvevanhu vakaponeswa kubva kuora uye manyowa Mumwe rufu uye upenyu zana mukutsinhana -! Sei, ipapo svomhu " "Kwete kuti mukuru, - mudzidzi - asiwo vachitova tsika akatarisa vanhu pachisikirwo kuva matsotsi -. Zvakawanda kana zvishoma, chokwadi" pfungwa dzakadaro Rodion akakurudzirwa yokuedza pachavo, kuziva zvirongwa zvedu. Anouraya anguva mukadzi nedemo, rinobvisa chinhu chinokosha uye haarambi kubva yacho.

Pahwaro simba ukapisa murwi Raskolnikov anokunda chirwere. Mamwe nyaya iye havavimbiki uye akaparadzaniswa nevanhu pane kufungira. Rodion kujairirana Sonya Marmeladov, - nechifeve anomanikidzwa kushandira mhuri dzayaura nourombo - kunotungamirira pamutemo. Asi, zvinopesana netarisiro, muurayi, yakadzika mutendi Sonia tsitsi iye uye isu nechivimbo kuti kutambura kuchaguma, paachazokumikidza uye vacharangwa.

Somugumisiro, Raskolnikov, kunyange vaizviruramisa, kureurura mhosva. Achimutevera mutirongo kwaanenge uye Sonia. Makore okutanga Rodion kutonhora kwaari - naiyewo ukarambana, taciturn, kufungira. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, kupfidza nomwoyo wose anouya kwaari, uye mweya anotanga kubuda kunzwa mutsva - rudo vakazvipira musikana.

The vanonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro yokufungidzira

Iva inonzwisisika mafungiro pamusoro imwe hunhu hazvibviri - vose pano ariko saka, sei chaizvo muverengi. Kunyange chiduku piece chinyorwa zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti uyu Fyodor Dostoevsky - ". Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" The vanonyanya kutaurwa munhu zvachose akasiyana, vatambi tora refu uye kufunga ongororo - uye tiri zviratidzo mupfungwa realism.

Rodion Raskolnikov

Raskolnikov pachake achiri haunted ne yakavhenganiswa wongororo. "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" - kusikwa kwazvo multi-faceted, vatatu-dimensional, uye pakarepo kunzwisisa kunyange purogiramu yakadaro yezvakaita chimiro, zvakaoma. Pakutanga mugove wokutanga anorondedzera chitarisiko Rodion: varefu, mutete jaya shava bvudzi uye rima maziso kuratidza. Hero zvachose yakanaka - zvakanyanya zvikuru nayo akasiyana nechisimba uye urombo kuti nyika izere vachena Petersburg.

Rodion hunhu chinoreva zvakawanda chaizvo. Sezvo zviitiko pachena, muverengi anodzidza vakawanda muupenyu gamba. Pave paya, umhondi ndechokuti Raskolnikov sezvo hapana mumwezve anokwanisa tsitsi kana awana yaizivikanwa chidhakwa Marmeladov, anodzvinyirirwa murairidzi, akapa zvose mari mhuri yake kuti mariro. Musiyano uyu zvetsika uye umhondi ari muverengi mafundo; zviri anotyisa kuti munhu sezvo kutanga kunoita?

Kuzviona Rodion zviito kubva nemaonero echiKristu, munyori inoti: Raskolnikov mhosva. Zvisinei, ake chikuru mhosva - kwete kuzviuraya, kwete kuti iye kutyora mutemo. Kuipa ndechokuti, Rodion - chii dzidziso yake weboka vanhu vaya 'vane kodzero "uye vaya anoona" chisikwa zvinosemesa. " "All vakaenzana - anoti Dostoevsky - uye zvose zvakafanana kodzero upenyu."

Sonechka Marmeladova

No zvishoma nzeve akafanirwa Sonia Marmeladov. Pano kuti rinotsanangura Dostoevsky: pfupi, mutete, asi zvikuru runako tsvukuruka gumi nemasere nemaziso yebhuruu akanaka. Chaiwo zvinopesana Raskolnikov: kwete chaizvo akanaka, asazivikanwa, vakanyarara uye mwero, Sonia, sezvo akatumidza munyori, uyewo kutyora mutemo. Asi kunyange pano pakanga pasina kufanana ne Rodion: hazvina chivi.

gangaidzo iri nyore akatsanangura: Sonia haasi vanhu kupinda zvakanaka nezvakaipa yakakamurwa; aida vose zvechokwadi. Panel basa zvaiita kuti mhuri yake irarame mu makaitika ezvinhu urombo, uye musikana akazvifukidza, achikanganwa ravo zvakanaka, akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna basa mhuri yake. Chibayiro airegerera chokwadi pamusoro mhosva - uye Sonia akaramba mhosva.

Critical Wongororo: "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa"

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, kuongorora mwana Dostoevsky wechokwadi akanga asina zvose. Vanhu vari kure unyanzvi kweshoko, pakugadzirwa mafungiro aivimba zvikuru pamusoro mhinduro navatsoropodzi vakakurumbira; avo, akavapindurawo, hunoonekwa basa nechimwe chinhu chakasiyana. Zvinosuruvarisa vazhinji, yokuzvifungidzira mupfungwa dzorudo, kuita chikanganiso - uye zvikanganiso zvavo zvakaita kuti pfungwa yenhema.

Saka, Somuenzaniso, A. Suvorin - zvikuru yesimba munhu ari kuongorora "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" akaita vakakurumbira akadhindwa "Russian Gazette", akati: musimboti chigadzirwa kubatwa "kunorwadza kuitika wose mabhuku basa" Fedora Dostoevskogo. Rodion, maererano vatsoropodzi, kazhinji asingadi embody zvimwe mirayiridzo kana mafungiro, kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu yakawanda, asi chete murume anorwara zvikuru. Iye vakatotumidza Raskolnikov huta, kooky mhando.

categorical kwakadaro vakawana vatsigiri vayo: P. Strakhov, munhu pedyo Dostoevsky, akati: Simba chikuru munyori haasi vamwe chikamu kwevanhu, uye "pachinzvimbo chacho, kukwanisa kunzwisisa zvikuru nomunhu kufamba uye kunetsana mweya womunhu." Kufanana Suvorin, P. Strakhov haana kuteerera unosuruvarisa kutapwa vacho, uye vaiona basa sezvo kunzwisisa yakadzama wetsika kutsveyama.

Dostoevsky - a muiti wechokwadi?

Most zvakarurama kuonekwa Dostoyevsky munyori-muiti wechokwadi aigona Di Pisarev, achinyora pamusoro dzinovaka ichi zvinokosha. "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" chakakurukurwa kwazvo munyaya "The hondo youpenyu": kwake mutsoropodzi zvakamutsa mubvunzo wetsika kuvandudzika munzanga vakakomba mutadzi. A inokosha zvikuru pamusoro yokufungidzira yakanga akagadzira neMunyori ichi: kuti chikamu rusununguko, raiva nhaka Raskolnikov, chaiva kunyora nezvavo. The zvinokonzera mhosva Pisarev wechokwadi anoona urombo, vari kupikisana upenyu Russian, tsika kuwa Raskolnikov akapoteredza vanhu.

Kukosha rudo rwechokwadi

"Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" - bhuku roupenyu chaihwo Russian. A maitiro chinoratidza unyanzvi Fedora Mihaylovicha Dostoevskogo raro kukwanisa zvikuru rudo kwete chete vanhu "chokwadi akanaka", asiwo rawa, nokuputswa, mutadzi. Kuti vavariro vanhu mumashoko akakurumbira yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa". The zviri muzvitsauko, ndima, mitsetse, zvinosanganisira zvinovava misodzi yemunyori rakadeurwa pamusoro kutapwa kwavanhu Russian, iko kutapwa Russia pacharo. Iye chaizvo anodana muverengi tsitsi, nokuti pasina iye ichi tsvina, utsinye nyika, upenyu - uyewo rufu - kwete, hazvina, uye hakuchazovipo.