Utsotso pfungwa simbi

Tisati tataura pamusoro steels, ngatiregei kutsanangura zvinoreva chikamu utsotso tembiricha chaiko. In zvesayenzi uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu munda pfungwa iyi inoshandiswa zvakare sezvo tembiricha kuti solidification. Zvinoreva muchikwata ichi muviri kuti ichi chinoratidza tembiricha panguva iyo ukoshi kwayo kuchinja ari uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro nefuma, i.e. ayo achichinja kubva mvura kuti hwakasimba ezvinhu. Nenzira imwe cheteyo pfungwa tembiricha Kuchinja fuma anogona kunge ari mumwe chete kana yakasiyana ezvinhu. Kana kushandisa mamwe kupisa chinhu kana fuma rava mvura mamiriro, uye kana kupisa kutapa - solidifies. indekisi uyu anonzi imwe anokosha munyika yose zvivako upi fuma chaiko, saka zvakafanira kufunga (ichi kukosha kunzwisisa pazvinhu simbi), kuti solidification tembiricha iri dziwande kuenzana utsotso tembiricha chete zvakaitika apo tiri kutaura pamusoro zvakakwana yakaisvonaka fuma.

Sezvo anozivikanwa kubva kwakarongwa, utsotso tembiricha iri simbi nokuti mifananidzo akasiyana alloys akasiyana. Izvi pakutsvaga chiwanikwa maumbirwo ayo constituent zvinoriumba, hunhu nedanho pakuburitswa simbi uye zvimwewo.

Somuenzaniso, utsotso tembiricha kuti simbi, zvinosanganisira yemhangura-nickel chiwanikwa anenge 1150 ° C. Kana tiri kudaro chiwanikwa kuwedzera nickel kugutsikana, tembiricha vachamuka, nokuda utsotso pfungwa nickel kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura mhangura. Kazhinji, zvichienderana makemikari anoumba chiwanikwa uye nhamba yenhengo varipo zvirimo kuva utsotso tembiricha inogona pakati 1420-1525 ° C, kana zvakadaro kuva simbi vachikandira chokuumba simbi kugadzirwa kwacho, tembiricha anofanira kuramba kunyange 100-150 madhigirii kumusoro. Chinhu chinokosha kuti unochinja utsotso tembiricha iri padanho kabhoni tigutsikane ari chiwanikwa. Kana zvayo zviri kumusoro, tembiricha achava yakaderera uye ukuwo, vakutarisire - pamwe kudzikira tembiricha uwandu kabhoni inowedzera.

A yakawanda kunzwisisa tichitarisa kuziva kukosha kwacho chipimo tembiricha utsotso mu Stainless steels. Chikonzero ichi ndicho yavo yakaoma makemikari anoumba. Somuenzaniso, simbi 1X18H9 pezvitsiga yaiwanzoshandiswa dentistry uye magetsi engineering, vanoumbwa, kunze simbi, kunyange kabhoni, nickel, chromium, manganese, titanium nesilicon. Sezvingatarisirwa, utsotso tembiricha iri Stainless simbi pakati sezvamunoita izvozvi achazviisa kubudikidza ehupfumi mumwe rokuti yaisanganisira mariri. Kubva simbi chiwanikwa yakabereka mazino zvakadaro, korona, dentures siyana, uye dzimwe zvemagetsi zvinoriumba. Zvinokwanisika kupa uone mamwe zvivako zvine ichi Stainless simbi, ayo utsotso tembiricha kuti 1460-1500 ° C, saka, yakavakirwa parameter ichi uye makemikari anoumba chiwanikwa kushandiswa kwayo rinokosha pokunamatidza solders sirivha.

Chimwe chezvinhu yepamusorosoro yazvino kugadzira dzakasiyana-siyana alloys vari simbi, kusanganisira avo Zvinoumba titanium zvinhu. Izvi imhaka yokuti izvi zvava zvinenge zvachose pakugadzira inert, uye kunyunguduka achitandadza simbi inobva titanium - mumwe chemhando.

steels Most ane simbi iri sezvamunoita kwayo sechinhu chikuru zvinoriumba. Izvi imhaka kwete chete kune chokwadi kuti simbi iyi - chimwe chezvinhu kwakapararira zvakatipoteredza, uye kuti simbi zvachose inoshanda chingaita pagadzirwe zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana simbi uye alloys kuti zvakatarirwa iripowo. noupamhi Uku chikumbiro nokuti kuti mwero utsotso tembiricha kuti simbi, akaenzana 1539 madhigirii, akabatana nevamwe rakasiyana namakemikari ehupfumi kunoita rokuti simbi yakakodzera zvakawanda simbi mamakisi zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana.