Vasily Mendeleev: biography, kubudirira

Vasily Mendeleev ndiye unyanzvi weRarimeni ane tarenda, muumbi, munyori wekutanga tangi reRussia. Sezvinowanzoitika, mapurogiramu ayo akashandiswa pashure pemakumi emakumi emakore.

Biography

Vasily Dmitrievich Mendeleev akaberekwa musi waDecember 30, 1886 muSt. Petersburg, kwaakapedza huduku hwake nevechidiki. Mendeleev akapedza kubva kuShipbuilding School of Engineering yeguta reKronstadt muna 1906. Kubvira muna 1908 kusvika muna 1916 akashanda pazvigadzirwa zvekushandiswa kwemakepe semugadziri wemasitima, tugboats uye zvikepe zvehondo zvakashandiswa pakugadzira mindagi (minzagi). Panguva imwechete yakafuridzirwa nemafungiro matsva, Vasily Mendeleev ari kuumba purojekiti yekuvaka motokari yakachengetedzwa yakasimba-tangi yekutanga munhoroondo yekugadzirwa kweimba. Kubva muna1919 kusvika muna 1922 akashanda pamuti "Cubanol" muEkaterinodar (yava kuzivikanwa semurimi-tool inonzi yainzi Sedin, iri muguta reKrasnodar) semutungamiri wekugadzira. Vasily Dmitrievich akafa muna 1922 kubva kuTyphus, achingova nemakore makumi matatu chete.

Mhuri yeInjiniya

Baba venjiniya, Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, aiva musayendisiti mukuru uyo akaita basa rinokosha mukusimudzirwa kwesayenzi yeRussia. Zvakakosha mumunda wekemiti, physics, geology, economics uye metrology inozivikanwa kune vose. Chimwe chezvinhu zvaanonyanya kukosha ndeye periodic system yemakemikari zvinhu, iyo ndiyo imwe yemitemo yakasiyana-siyana yezvinhu zvose, zvichibva pane izvo zvese zvesayenzi zvepanyama pamusoro pezvakaitika nemitemo yezvisikwa zvipenyu zvaive "yakakura" chaizvoizvo. Asi Vasily Mendeleev anogona nenzira yakakodzera kuzvidada nezvakakodzera zvevamwe hama dzake.

Amai vake, Anna Ivanovna Mendeleeva (nee Popova), hafu yeRussia, hafu yeSwede, akanga ari nyanzvi yevashandi uye akazvipira zvikuru muupenyu hwake mukurera vana. Imwe hanzvadzi yakakura yaVasily Dmitrievich, Love Block - mudzimai wemudetembi Alexander Blok, mutambi wemifananidzo. Vasily aivawo nehanzvadzi mbiri, Maria, nyanzvi yekare yeRussia uye nyanzvi. MuUnited States, akaudza rudzi rutsva rwembwa kubva kuboka rembwa-imbwa -Sterter setter. Uye pakupedzisira, munun'una waVasily Mendeleyev, Ivan, anozivikanwa nokuda kwebasa rake mumunda weRussia filosofi uye metrology.

Mugadziri ane nyanzvi

Vasily Mendeleev akaita zvakawanda zvakawanikwa mumunda wake wemhizha. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa tangi, chikepe, chikwata chine zvombo chakaputika motokari - muenzaniso wakanaka wekuvandudza kwake. Kubva kuna baba vake vakakurumbira, injini yechidiki yakagara nhaka pfungwa yekufungisisa uye chido chekugadzirwa, izvo zvakasarudza mararamiro ake.

Kwemakore mana, nguva yake yose yekusununguka kubva pakuongorora Kuzvipira kunekugadzirwa kwemagetsi emotokari, iyo inogona kupa kudzivirirwa kune anorwisa, uye kukunda muvengi panguva imwe chete.

Izvo zviitiko zvakakura mumunda wekugadzira ngarava kwemauto zvakabatsira munyanzvi wekugadzira ngara kugadzira motokari yehondo. Basa rake raiva basa rakajeka, rakashinga uye rokutanga, kushandiswa kwaro kwakaitwa mune imwe tsika yechimiro chekugadzirisa zvombo zvehondo. Kubudirira kwaro kwaisava kwete tangi, asi nhare yakasimba pamugwagwa wezvokukwira mumufananidzo webhokisi rekwangwani. Kwenguva yokutanga mukugadzira, muumbi wekutsvaga akashandura antiskatter zvombo uye chekudzivirirwa kwechinangwa.

Iyo purojekiti yakabudiswa muna 1911. Vasily Mendeleev akasarudza kuendesa iyo dhipatimendi reuto reRussia, iyo haina kuona nokukurumidza kukosha kweizvi. Nokudaro, vasati vave vakakurumbira, kukurudzirwa kwegadziri ane tare kwenguva yakareba yakafukidzwa neguruva mu archive.

Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwemugove wegungwa reMendeleyev kwakabva kwawana kushanda kwayo muzvidziviriro zvemvura zvePetrograd.

"Zvombo zvesimba zvakasimba, uye matangi edu arikurumidza ..."

Kusvikira ikozvino, kune mifananidzo yezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvemotokari yekurwa, pamwe nekunyatsonzwisisa kuverengwa kwekuverengwa kweMendeleyev uye tsanangudzo yakajeka iyo iyo nyanzvi yekugadzirwa kwemajini inopikisa kukosha kwekushandisa purojekiti. Zvaakagadzirira, akaronga kupa mumiriyoni 120-millimeter, ari muuta hwemuviri wakashongedzwa, uye nhumbi ine simba, yakaiswa mumhepo inotenderera, iyo inogona kusimuka uye inowira pasi pesimba remhepo. Mukuwedzera, Vasily Dmitrievich vakapa zvidzidzo zvakasimba zvezvombo. Pamberi pemakina, kubwinya kwezvombo zvaiva 150 mm, uye nechemberi uye pamwe nemativi-anenge 100 mm.

Iyo injini inopisa yakagadzirwa naye ine simba rinenge mazana maviri emagetsi ehondo yakagadzira kukurumidza kusvika kusvika 24 km / h. Vashandi vaigona kuva vanhu vasere. Muumbi akafanoona hukuru hwezvinhu zvekugadzira zvakaitwa pashure pemakore makumi emakore.

Matangi ane petero Vasily Mendeleev anofungidzirwa kumucheto chikamu chechimiro pamusoro pezasi muzvikamu zvakasara.

Kutengesa kwaireva magetsi mana ekufambisa motokari uye imwe gear yekufambisa mberi. Uye pakupedzisira, motokari yaVasily Dmitrievich yekurwisana yaifanira kugovera zvikamu zvina zvekutonga, sezvo chero yevashandi vaigona kutora mukana kana akafa kana kukuvadza mutyairi. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa kuti mushandi weMendeleyev muHurumende yeMasoja haana kugamuchirwa, achikakavhiringidza kuti kuzadzika kwechiitiko ichi hazvibviri. Uye muumbi wegangi rekutanga renyika rakakanganikwa panguva yakakodzera.

Kugadzirwa kwemhepo kunomiswa

Musayendisiti akafungawo kushandiswa kwekudzimisa kwepineumatic yepasi pechikwata, izvo zvaizobvumira kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa kubvisa kubva pahupamhi kusvika kune chakanaka kukosha uye kwaizove nekwanisi yekushanda mumitambo miviri - yakavharwa uye yakasununguka. Tichivonga ichi chigadzirwa, tangi inogona kufamba nemuviri wehafu, uye zvakare, kana zvichidiwa, idzai mutumbi wemotokari pasi. Maererano naMendeleyev, kuchinja kuburitsa pasi muhuni hwehondo kunogona kuponesa chisiki-chinotambura chemotokari. Iyi pfungwa yakazosimudzirwa muna 1942 chete apo doro rinorema rekutakura Tor rakasikwa.

Uye pakupedzisa

Muongororiya weRussia-akagadziri, muumbi wetarenda, musimudziri wegadziriro yetimbe yekutanga yeRussia - uyu aiva Vasily Mendeleyev. Biography inotora hupenyu hwake hupfupi, asi hwakapfuma zvikuru hweunyanzvi hwekugadzira humba. Zvinosuruvarisa, mabasa ake akayemura pashure pekufa kwake. Chigadzirwa chisina kujairika chemugadziri kwenguva refu hachina kuwana rubatsiro kubva muushumiri. Imwe basa guru rakagadzirwa nevateveri vomuchina wekuRussia ane ruzivo, uyo aiva Vasily Mendeleyev. Mifananidzo yake, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvina kuchengetedzwa, asi mifananidzo yakawanda uye mifananidzo yematangi akakurumbira aripo.