Veruzhinji: mienzaniso munyika. Mienzaniso kuva, kuratidzwa veruzhinji mu Russia

Veruzhinji - nheyo yebudiriro ano, pasina iro hazvibviri kufungidzira imwe democratic ezvinhu. Pakutanga zvakanga akaiswa kusiyana muchiuto, administrative-murayiro hurongwa, apo vagari vose kuteerera mirayiridzo hurumende uye kugona kuchinja navo. Asi anotarisa zvakasiyana chaizvo veruzhinji. Muenzaniso mumwe dzakabudirira hana vomunyika nyore kuwana muWestern Europe. Pasina kune dzakabudirira veruzhinji haagoni zvechokwadi kuvaka nomutemo mamiriro, apo vagari vose, pasinei nenzvimbo dzavo uye mamiriro, kubva nyore mushandi kuna President, pasi pomurairo.

Chii veruzhinji?

Kuti kufunga pamusoro pemisimboti kushanda uye nhoroondo kwakabva veruzhinji vari mupfungwa ayo ano, zvinokosha kujekesa chii chinorehwa ichi izwi. Saka, veruzhinji - ari kuratidzwa vanoshingaira zviito vemo akasununguka, vanoita urongwa kwavo vasiri purofiti neshamwari uye vari yakazvimirira kubva ehurumende uye havasi pasi chero chipi kuti zvekunze simba.

Chii ndiwo vanhu kudaro?

Pane mimwe mienzaniso kuratidzwa veruzhinji kuti unhu ukama wacho uye mamiriro;

• zvinofarirwa kwenzanga uye mamiriro havagoni kuva pamusoro zvido wacho;
• soro ukoshi kusununguka mugari;
• Pane Tinoberekwa vomuUmambo kuti chaiyo;
• hapana ane kodzero kupindira mune private mabasa mugari, kana iye hakupesani murairo;
• Vagari vakapinda pakati kurongwa chibvumirano pamusoro nokuumba veruzhinji, inova runodzivirira pakati pavo uye hurumende.

Musiyano mukuru pakati veruzhinji ndechokuti vanhu vakasununguka kuronga pachavo mumapoka nyanzvi kana mapoka kufarira, uye mabasa avo vanodzivirirwa nehurumende chipingaidzo.

Nyaya yacho veruzhinji

nevafungi zhinji mumazuva Greece yekare vakashamisika chii chikonzero kusikwa ehurumende uye chinokosha ayo chikamu - munzanga. Chii Vavariro akurudzirwa vekare vanhu, kana vanobatana voruzhinji yakaoma uye multi-dzichipfekeka zvakadaro, izvo ane nzvimbo nzvimbo huru. Uye kuti sei vanhu vakanga rakava nesimba pane imwe nguva.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti sayenzi wedu achangobva vade kuti paumbwe veruzhinji, ayo inotungamirwa uye kubudirira munyika sayenzi enyika uye uzivi kwemazana emakore izvi zvawave unopfuta gakava, kukosha risingagoni dzakanaka. Mugadziriro mabasa kwesayenzi nokuda pfungwa huru yakadai Aristotle, Cicero, Machiavelli, Hegel, Marx, uye vamwe vazhinji vakaedza kuziva huru zvinhu zvibvire umo kushanda veruzhinji. Mienzaniso zvinowanika munyika idzodzo uye yechinangwa zvematongerwo enyika pasi yavaigara. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha uye zvenzara mubvunzo kwagara nezvokuva ukama huri pakati pehurumende uye veruzhinji. Mazano hwokuvakira ukama izvi uye vane nguva dzose zvakafanana zvinobatsira kuti mativi?

Chii kwatova mienzaniso munhoroondo yenyika?

History anoziva mienzaniso yakawanda veruzhinji. Somuenzaniso, panguva Ages guta Italian pakati Venice rava muenzaniso democratic nhungamiro macheki uye zviyero mukati simba rezvematongerwo enyika. Vazhinji neruzhinji zviratidzo, vari kwatiri chinhu munhuwo, zvakatanga chinozoiswa ikoko. Zvichienderana zvinokosheswa munhu wayo rusununguko, kuziva kuti vanofanira kupa kuenzana kodzero - izvi uye zvimwe pfungwa dzakawanda hweruzhinji vakaberekwa ipapo.

Chimwe guta-mamiriro muItaly - Florence, akaita mupiro chaizvo kuti kukura Fani iyi nhoroondo inonzi veruzhinji. Muenzaniso Venice, Chokwadi, ine zvinokosha zvikuru.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, uye maguta wokuGermany Valenza, Hamburg uye muLübeck, ivo vakava nheyo ehurumende kuziva uye vakachengeta kwevanhu nezvainoita wokugadzira uye nzira management maguta aya.

Pane chinhu chakadai muRussia?

Pasinei miganhu remoteness netsika zvinogona kuwanikwa mienzaniso veruzhinji mu Russia sezvo ndima aripo, uye nharaunda yacho pedyo nyika kuti vari pedyo naye mumweya. isu Chekutanga vari kutaura Novgorod uye muPskov, apo kukura kutengeserana ichi akasiyana nomuzvarirwo enyika uye zvoupfumi. Nemhaka kuwana kugungwa, uye saka mikana yakaisvonaka kuchinjanisa nemaguta yakavakidzana uye umambo, mumaguta aya vari kushingaira kutanga handicraft uye zvokutengeserana dzimba. Nokuti avo azere uye vakabudirira kuvhiya haana ikodzere Classic panguva iyoyo nzira, saka pane yakatanga rudzi hurumende ine democratic kutsvetera.

Zvinoumba Novgorod uye muPskov

Hwaro upenyu Novgorod uye muPskov yakaumbwa kirasi pakati iri mubasa zvokutengeserana uye kugadzirwa nhumbi, ichipa mabasa akasiyana-siyana. maguta akanga raitungamirwa convening National Chamber. vakasununguka vanhu vose vane kodzero pamisangano iyi. Vasiri isina vaitire vagari, kuisa pasi uye kushandira chikamu chigadzirwa anogadzirwa pamusoro muridzi nyika, kana parumananzombe pauranda muzvikwereti, uye kwavari vakanga rakava varanda.

Chii maitiro ndechokuti muchinda akasarudzwa chinzvimbo. Kana vagari havasi inogutswa nzira muchinda anoita mabasa ake, vaikwanisa amubvise kuti chinzvimbo uye sarudza mumwe mumiriri. City akapedzisa nomuchinda chibvumirano icho yakawanda kurambidzwa simba rake rinorambidzwa. Somuenzaniso, aisagona kuwana muridzi wenyika, haana kubvumirwa kupinda zvibvumirano nezvavatorwa inoti pachavo pasina Mediation pamusoro Novgorod, uye zvakawanda. ukama ichi vasingagoni zvakazara munguva pfungwa veruzhinji, muenzaniso izvo Ratidza vakasikwa Novgorod uye muPskov utungamiriri masangano.

Kufarira nenhungamiro veruzhinji mu post-Soviet Russia

Mukupera 80s, kunyanya pashure pokuwa Soviet Union, hurukuro uye kukurukura mamiriro mutemo, ayo hwaro, uyewo pamusoro zviga inotungamirwa veruzhinji munyika itsva nyika rakabudisa simba katatu. Kufarira nyaya iyi yave uye anoramba refu kwazvo, nekuti pashure emakore zvakakwana Fusion wehurumende uye vanhu vaifanira kunzwisisa sei kutsanya, asi nyarara kusika chinhu kuti dzokuMadokero democracies, zvaitora kupfuura rimwe remakore.

Young dzekare uye masayendisiti enyika vakadzidza mienzaniso veruzhinji, akakoka nyanzvi dzakawanda kubva kunze kwenyika kudzidza zvakananga kubva anobudirira ruzivo dzimwe nyika.

Zvinetso dzinoitwa kuratidzwa mugari Russia

Economic kukundikana uye matambudziko vasangana pamatanho ose. Zvakanga zvisiri nyore kuratidza vagari kuti ikozvino hwavo, utano, ramangwana hunoenderana zvavo zvatinozvisarudzira, uye kuti vanofanira kuzviita nokungwaririra. Zvizvarwa vanhu havana zvizere kodzero uye rusununguko. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kudzidzisa. Chero veruzhinji, muenzaniso uko kudzidzwa vemagwaro vemazuva ano, anoti pakutanga kutanga unofanira kuuya kubva vagari pachavo, uyo ndinoona pachavo sezvo huru motokari simba ehurumende. Kuwedzera kodzero uye mabasa naro.

Matambudziko ramangwana

Maererano nenyanzvi uye masayendisiti enyika, mumwe matambudziko post-rechiKomonisiti nzanga kudiwa kupa matswa uye kukosha, sechikamu uchava kuva veruzhinji. Mienzaniso dzakabudirira democracies kunogona kubatsira kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvakawanda, kuchaita kuti paumbwe kwenzanga itsva.

Zvino pane chinoshingaira muitiro wokuva munhu, pakati-Kirasi uye asiri mubereko nemasangano. Nguva nokukurumidza, anenge kusingadzoreki kukura kwakapera. Rinotanga munhu padanho inotungamirwa. Time vachataura kana venyika yedu nokusingaperi kunzwisisa pachavo azere nhengo veruzhinji.