Volgodonsky mugero: gwara zvatariswa nokurondedzerwa

Volgodonsk Ship Canal rinobatanidza Don uye Volga panzvimbo vakauya pamwe chete napo pamwe chete. Riri pedyo neguta Volgograd. Volga-Don Canal, pikicha uye tsananguro uchaona munyaya ino ndiyo chikamu kwakadzika-mvura nezvifambiso zvinosvika kushanda European chikamu nyika yedu.

The kuedza kutanga kubatanidza nzizi mbiri

Kare pezana-remakore rechi16, yakanga iri kuedza kutanga kukumbanira Don uye Volga River achitandadza yepedyo kusvika. Muna 1569, Selim II, iyo Turkish Sultan, uyo akava nomukurumbira March vake Astrakhan, akarayira kutumira masoja 22,000 vakasimudza Don. Vaifanira akachera Canal dzaibatanidza nzizi mbiri. Asi gare gare mumwe mwedzi vokuTurkey vaifanira shure. Maererano venhoroondo, ivo akataura kuti kunyange vanhu vose pano musaita chinhu kwemakore 100. Zvisinei, zvisaririra zviri kuedza kubatanidza nzizi mbiri achiripo. Izvi igoronga rakadzika, unonzi Turkish mugodhi.

Kuedza Peter I

130 Makore akazotevera, Vachiedza kechipiri kuvaka Volga-Don Canal akatanga Peter I. Zvisinei, zvakanga kubudirira. Pakazosvika 1701 pakuvaka zvishoma rakapera, uye pakuyera vanoverengeka vave zvakazara kuvakwa. Zvisinei, pakati basa kuti wakabudiswa nokuda kuparadzwa mugero, sezvo hondo Sweden. Zviya, chirongwa ichi, zvakare, akasiya mucherechedzo wake - Petrov mugodhi, riri pedyo eponymous guta.

Kuvaka Canal pakati Volga uye Don akakurudzirwa rakasiyana nzvimbo - munzvimbo Ivan Lake. Akagadzira pano Ivanovskii mugero kwakabatana rwizi Don rwizi Tsna (inflow Oka) kuburikidza Ivan Sat kwegungwa uye rwizi runoyerera panze. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, 5 makore kutanga kuvaka akatora vanenge 300 ngarava. Zvisinei, ino vakaratidza kuva mvura shoma.

mabasa Major

Vanopfuura 30 zvaMambo Don pachishandiswa Volga akasikwa kusvikira 1917. Vazhinji vavo akakamurwa zvinotevera mapoka matatu:

• kumaodzanyemba, anotaura remubatanidzwa zvakananga Azov uye kweGungwa reCaspian kana miromo Don uye Volga;
• Paavhareji, izvo zvabatanidzwa gwara okuvaka panzvimbo dzepedyo kusvika pamusoro Volga uye Don;
• hwokumusoro, izvo zvinosanganisira zvirongwa kwokubatana Don rechibharo vabati vechibharo Oka.

Nyanzvi Hydrologists vanodavira kuti kuchamhembe zvirongwa vasingagoni kuva kufarira, sezvo yaida kwemapazi kudzika nzizi, dzisiri akakodzera kuridza pavari ngarava ano. Ndingadai ndisina kunge vabudirira uye kumaodzanyemba zvirongwa sezvo migero njanji hwacho hwaizofanira kuva zvakare ruoko, nokuti chii akava mukuru kwazvo kuvakwa mari. Mainjiniya vakaziva kuti chinonyanya kodzera mabasa vari pakati boka.

Zvisinei, hapana hachina kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi20. Zvinhu zviviri kudziviswa ichi. Chekutanga, panguva njanji vakanga chomurume nomumwe varidzi uyo akaramba. Chechipiri, kunyange kana gwara kuvakwa mudziyo motokari raigona kuitwa chete muchirimo, sezvo chete nzizi renguva inoyerera vaiva. On zvakazara kufamba pasina zvakawanda rokuvakazve vasingagoni kutaura. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa mupiro guru vakaita Puzyrevsky Nestor Platonovich Russian hydraulic injiniya kudzidza pakati Don uye Volga. Akasarudza nzira yaizoita kukodzera kuti remangwana chiteshi.

Maererano zano magetsi, muna 1920, hurumende kamwe zvakare vakadzokera nenhau pakuvaka mugero. Zvisinei, kunze kwaari, zvakatanga chete nemakore 1930s. The Great Patriotic War kudziviswa Implementation kwayo.

Kuitwa gwaro

Muna 1943, pashure Hondo Stalingrad basa tatangazve. Akavafambisa Zhuk Sergey Yakovlevich, ane ruzivo hydraulic injiniya uye muvaki. Vachitungamirirwa ake, takanga atorwa yakagadzirwa uye akavaka Moscow-Volga Canal uye White Sea-reBaltic. Volgodonsk kunzwisisa zano akabvumirwa muna February 1948 pamusangano neDare Vashumiri Soviet Union. Pashure paizvozvo takatanga kushandisa nyika nemabasa.

Ndiani akavaka Canal

Cherechedza kuti pakuvaka Volga-Don Canal mubasa inonzi vavengi vevanhu, kuti pane vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika vave nemhosva muchikamu 58 of Criminal Code mu simba panguva. Heavy mumuviri basa, uyo dzakamanikidzwa aite nezvayakaipira, vakaverenga sezvo zuva maviri kana matatu kushumira mutongo wake. Zvisinei, kana kuboora KWECHANDO uye sweltering muzhizha kupisa rufu vanhu vaigara madhaka mumatumba uye kupiswa kuti zvirindo, yakanga guru kwazvo. Zhuka Sergeya Yakovlevicha, uyo akatungamirira kuvakwa canal, dzakaitika Hoover Institution anofananidzwa Adolf Eichmann, nevaNazi mutungamiri akashandisa muranda wechibharo.

Izwi okuvaka kushandiswa michina

makore 4,5 chete yakavakwa Volga-Don Canal. Iri nedzimwe nguva munhoroondo yenyika yose hydraulic okugadzira. Somuenzaniso, Panama Canal, ane kureba 81 km akavaka makore 34 pamwe zvakafanana basa. 164-kiromita neSuez Canal rakavakwa makore 11.

Kana chivako yakarongwa 3 minun mamita ³ nekongiri uye vakaisa panze kumativi mamiriyoni 150 mativi metres nyika ^3. Muna 8000 vakapinda michina: earthworks michina, multi-bhakiti, uye achifamba Vacheri, Dump marori, dozers, scrapers simba.

Panovhurwa gwara, kureba nokudzika

Foreign mainjiniya vaiva chokwadi kune ichi chikuru chirongwa. Ivo akafanotaura kuti spillway havazokwanisi kupikisa mvura kufurirwa uye kuchava mukuru njodzi nevanhu. Asi Beetle aiva nechokwadi chokuti zvose zvikafamba zvakanaka. Iye pachake Aitarisira kwenheyo kongiri, kudzivirira kuba nenhokwe basa.

31 May 1952, muna 13:55 mvura Don uye Volga akabatanidza pakati rokutanga uye rechipiri pakashama. Sezvo June 1, dare akanga atanga kufamba kuburikidza chiteshi. July 27, 1952 pakuvaka akapiwa zita Lenin, VI

Volgodonsky gwara kureba 101? Km. Of reservoirs izvi anomanyira 45? Km. channel udzamu haasi asingasviki 3.5 m.

Reservoirs uye pakuyera Volga-Don Canal

Midziyo ndima nzira kubva Volga Don 13 Muvasiye pakashama (pakutanga kumiririrwa yaifananidzira pamusoro), izvo akakamurwa Don uye Itil sluice manera. chokupedzisira yakakwirira iri 88 m. It inoumbwa 9 chete-shinda chete-yokuvata nekiyi. Kukwirira kukwira Don sluice ndiyo 44 m. It inoumbwa zvina zvechizarira zvakafanana zvakagadzirwa.

Volga-Don Canal rinobatanidza Don pedyo netaundi Kalach-on-Don pamwe Volga muna Volgograd. Inoitwa Karpovskiy, Bereslavskii uye Varvarovsky Dam. Rwendo wose anotora maawa anenge 10-12. Mvura ichibva Tsimlyanskii Dam anodyisa Volgodonsky mugero kubva Don nhema pa 44 metres pamusoro Volga. Nokuda hurongwa zvinosanganisira kupomba nhepfenyuro matatu (Varvarovsky, Marinovsky uye Karpovsky), mvura iri vaipa kune kamura uye ipapo giravhiti zvokudya kune Volga Don uye dzakatenuka. Wekutanga nematatu pakashama vane kwokukunda Maberere. Vashandi kushumira mugero, vanogara mumisha hwakagadzwa munzira.

mugero ukoshi

Volgodonsk navigable mugero zita VI Lenin akaisa pamwe zvinotevera 5 mumakungwa: asi reCaspian, Black, Azov, Sea White uye kuBaltic. Iye yakabatana pamwe nenzira Dnieper, kuti Don, North-West uye Volga nembiya. Nzira mugero anomhanya achitevedza dzisinganayi steppes. Akaunza mwando minda Rostov uye Volgograd kumatunhu.

chikuru zvinokwezva

Vashanyi vari zvinoorora chaizvo Volga-Don Canal. Volgograd nhasi zvakaoma kufungidzira pasina nzvimbo iyi. Mumwe muenzi weguta chaitwa kuyemura navo. Popular hove kwete chete musi Volgodonsk mugero, chaizvoizvo chimwe chinhu kuona.

Kuwana Traffic pamusoro gwara dzakashongwa Sarepta backwater yoRwizi Volga, iyo waidzivirira kubva dzenzvimbo uye chando vasakukurwa kubva pamupata rwizi Sarpa. Inside Volgograd vari vatatu suo wokutanga.

Sarpa pachitsuwa (pamusuo kupa) muna 1953, ndakagadzwa kuti yechiedza, ane kureba iri 26 mamita. On masvingo aro vakakanda-simbi Rostra, ivo kutotaura nasal chikamu siyana ngarava dzekare. munyori chirongwa ndiyo akitekiti R. Yakubov

Kana uchifamba promenade kubva pakutanga kepagedhi, nokukurumidza ona Lenin Monument (aimiririra pamusoro). IV - kana gwara kuvhura imwe shongwe rakadzikwa Stalin, uyo ari mukuru nechigadziko. Monument Izvi yakavakwa pfupi zvichibvira nguva. Native mhangura rabva achirasa chirungamutauro mutungamiriri National. Monument (Mufananidzo zviri pasi apa) yaiva panzvimbo kwemakore, achifumira kusvika 40 metres pamusoro ufanane Volga. Zvisinei, somugumisiro wacho de-Stalinization muitiro, iyo kwakatangwa muna 1961 panguva XX Congress, shongwe iyi kubviswa. Kubva iye kwakange chete kongiri nechigadziko, rinobuda mugomba monolithic murwi nheyo embankment.

Kwakasarudzwa hwokugadza shongwe idzva iri, wakafanana nechigadziko, nechekare VI Lenin. It chakagadzirwa kunosimbiswa kongiri. The chivezwa ndiyo 27 m, uye nechigadziko -. 30 M Architect Delin VA uye muvezi EV Vucetich vari vanyori shongwe. Zvinofadza kuti shongwe Lenin vakapinda "Guinness Book of Records." Ndicho chikuru monument munyika, hwakasimbiswa kukudzwa chaiye mupenyu murume.

Volgodonsk mugero nhasi

Kuburikidza Hydroelectric 60 Makore anopfuura 19 000 midziyo pagore. Pari, pane mubvunzo pamusoro pakuvaka mumwe mutsara Volga-Don canal, iyo munhu anogona kuvaka zvazvakatakura Rwako. Zvichida kuvakwa kwayo kuchaitika mumakore kuuya, kunyange nokuda dambudziko, mubvunzo uyu zvinoita vambomira kwechinguva. Zvisinei, President ari kuronga kuwedzera Volga-Don Canal kuburikidza rokuvaka mumwe shinda zvaakataura muna 2007. Kuvakwa bazi rechipiri anotarisirwa zvakapetwa kaviri bandwidth - kukwira miriyoni 30-35 matani zvinhu kuti pagore. Zvisinei, pari zvino kuita shinda Volgodon chete hafu akatakura.