Vyacheslav Molotov (Vyacheslav Mihaylovich Skryabin): Biography, political basa

Molotov aiva mumwe mashoma Bolsheviks kufona wokutanga, izvo akakwanisa kupukunyuka yaitonga kuti paitonga Stalin udzvanyiriri uye vanoramba simba. Iye akabata zvakasiyana mukuru hurumende mbiru muna 1920-1950-ies.

makore okutanga

Vyacheslav Molotov akaberekwa March 9, 1890. zita rake chairo - Alexander Scriabin. Molotov - webato rekunyepedzera. In pauduku hwake, kuti Bolsheviks dzakasiyana-siyana mazita mumapepanhau. Molotov rekunyepedzera akashandisa kokutanga duku kabhuku pamusoro pokumuka upfumi Soviet, uye kubvira ipapo zvakawanda naye haana kuenda.

The ramangwana echimurenga akazvarwa pakati mumhuri kirasi, aigara mumusha kumubiki muna Vyatka province. baba vake aiva zvakarurama mupfumi uye akakwanisa kupa vana vake dzidzo yakanaka. Vyacheslav Molotov akanga ari pachikoro wamazvirokwazvo Kazan. Mumakore hwake akauya wokutanga Russian chimurenga, ivo iyo, Chokwadi, vasingagoni asi kukanganisa maonero ari jaya. Student akatangawo Bolshevik youth boka muna 1906. Muna 1909 akasungwa kuutapwa Vologda. Pashure kusunungurwa Vyacheslav Molotov vakatamira St. Petersburg. In guru, akatanga kushanda mupepanhau yokutanga pamutemo Party rinonzi "The Truth." Scriabin akauya kuna shamwari yake Victor Tikhomirnov, uyo aibva mumhuri achitengesa, uye nemari racho Socialist mari yazvo. Zita chairo Vyacheslav Molotov isisina kunzi ipapo. Revolutionary pakupedzisira kubatana hwake bato.

The Revolution uye Civil War

By pakutanga February Revolution pakati Vyacheslav Molotov, kusiyana kwazvo yakakurumbira Bolsheviks, akanga ari Russia. Key munhu bato kwemakore akawanda ari nhapwa. Saka, muna mwedzi 1917 rokutanga, Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich akanga uremu kukuru Petrograd. Akaramba mupepeti we "Chokwadi", uye kunyange vakapinda Executive komiti of Soviet Workers 'uye Masoja' navakuru.

Apo Lenin nevamwe vatungamiriri RSDLP (b) kuRussia, jaya wamambo yaserera kupinda mabviro uye panguva iyoyo akanga asisiri zvinooneka. Molotov conceded vakuru vavo uye kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi uye echimurenga ushingi. Asi vakanga iye zvakanakira: pfungwa basa, kushingaira uye michina dzidzo. Naizvozvo, panguva yeHondo Civil Molotov ainyanya iri "munda" basa mudunhu - akaronga basa makanzuru uye makanzuru.

Muna 1921, wechipiri-weDanho vebato nhengo wakakomborerwa kuenda itsva nechepakati muviri - the Secretariat. Pano Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich akanga mukusanzwisisa kuva bureaucratic basa, akanga ari ake maatomu akafanana. Uyewo, Secretariat of Central Committee of RCP (b), akava wandinoshanda naye Stalin, izvo vakatsunga magumo ramangwana rake rose.

Stalin kwakaita rworudyi

Muna 1922, Stalin akasarudzwa General Munyori Central Committee. Kubvira ipapo, wechiduku V. M. Molotov akava protégé ake. Iye akaratidza kuvimbika kwake nokuwana chikamu anofambidzana zvose uye anonyengera ose Stalin sezvo Lenin okupedzisira mashoma apfuura, uye afa Lenin. Zvechokwadi Molotov aiva panzvimbo chaiyo. Ndiye pachisikirwo kumbova mutungamiri, asi zvakasiyana bureaucratic kushingaira, vaimubatsira vasingaverengeki zvevafundisi basa muna Central Committee.

On mariro Lenin muna 1924, Molotov akanga akatakura bhokisi yake, yaiva chiratidzo ake uremu Hardware. Kubvira vakatanga ane womukati hondo mubato. Pamanyorerwo "simba seboka" ariko refu kwazvo. Inoita mberi vanhu vatatu uchitsvaka utungamiri - Stalin, Trotsky uye Zinoviev. Molotov kwagara chidzoyi wokutanga uye anofungidzirwa. Saka, maererano vasakukurwa mwero Munyori General, iye nesimba kuti tisimudzire muna Central Committee, kutanga pamusoro "Trotskyist", uye ipapo "Zinoviev" kupikiswa.

January 1, 1926 V. M. Molotov akava nhengo Politburo - dare rinodzora Central Committee, chaisanganisira zvikuru munhu veboka. Panguva iyoyowo yokupedzisira kukundwa Stalin kuti vavengi chakaitika. Pazuva mhemberero gumi yaOctober Revolution vave kurwisa vatsigiri Trotsky raMwari. Nokukurumidza iye vakatapwa kuKazakhstan muna honorary muutapwa, uye ipapo asiya USSR zvachose.

Molotov aiva Stalin Mararamiro kondakita panguva Moscow City Party Committee. Zvaaigara kuridzwa mumwe vatungamiri vanonzi zvakanaka-bapiro kushorwa Nikolaya Uglanova, izvo, pakupedzisira, nguo pambiru First Munyori CIM. Muna 1928-1929 gg. Politburo akatora nzvimbo iyi. Mumwedzi mishoma izvi, Molotov vakabata muenzaniso muMoscow kuchenesa midziyo. Kubva ipapo, vose vavengi Stalin vaendeswa. Zvisinei, kuti udzvanyiriri nezvenguva vaiva vanyoro - hapana haisati apfurwa kana akatumira yechibharo.

Explorer collectivization

Kutinhira vavengi vake, Stalin uye Molotov kuti kutanga 1930s inopiwa oga simba Koba. The Secretary General akarumbidza kuzvitsaurira uye kushingaira rwake rworudyi. Muna 1930, pashure pokunge yokurega pakati Rykov aiva shama pambiru sachigaro reCouncil of vanhu Commissars of USSR. It chikatsiviwa Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich. Muchidimbu, akava musoro hurumende yeSoviet, akabata kuti kutozosvikira muna 1941.

Kubva collectivization muruwa Molotov zvakare kakawanda anoenderera panzendo dzebhizimisi munyika. Akatungamirira kukundwa vari kulaks iri Ukraine. Hurumende waida zvose murimi mudiki chingwa zvakazoita kuti kurwisa mumusha. Kumadokero Munzvimbo zvasvika nemhirizhonga. The utungamiri Soviet, kana pane, pachake Stalin, vakasarudza kuita "achikwakuka guru" - rakapinza kutanga kwemaindasitiri munhu neshure upfumi. Nokuti kuti tinoda mari. Vakanga akatorwa kuburikidza kutengeswa zviyo kunze. Kundoitora, hurumende yakatanga requisitioning kukohwa kubva vanhuwo zvavo. About kuita izvi uye Vyacheslav Molotov. The Biography pamusoro wamambo uyu muna 1930 vakazadzwa siyana kwakavanzika uye vakavhengana Zvikamu. Wokutanga Mushandirapamwe kwakadaro kwaiva kudenhwa varimi kuUkraine.

Va neudhadha mumapurazi vasingagoni kurarama basa ravo sezvo rokutanga-gore shanu ichifunga zviyo procurements. Pakasvika muMoscow chakasuruvara mishumo goho 1932, ari Kremlin akasarudza kuronga mutsva sefungu udzvanyiriri, nguva ino bedzi pamusoro kulaks, asiwo dzemo bato varongi hauchadi basa ravo. Asi matanho aya uchaponesa Ukraine vasafa nenzara.

munhu wechipiri nehurumende

Pashure pokuparadzwa kulaks Mushandirapamwe yakatanga kurwiswa itsva, iyo wakapindwa Molotov. USSR kubva pakutanga kwayo kwave anomanikidza mamiriro. Stalin akanga kunonyanya kukonzerwa boka racho yake ndikabvisa vakawanda anopikisa veboka Bolsheviks. Akanga mukunyadziswa functionaries vachidzingwa Moscow, akagamuchira zviduku nzvimbo iri kumucheto munyika.

Asi pashure chigaro Kirov muna 1934, Stalin akasarudza kushandisa chiitiko ichi sechikonzero kuparadzwa vasingadiwi chaiko. Kugadzirira vakatanga kuti zvizivikanwe kumatare. Muna 1936, muedzo kuzorwa Zinoviev uye Kamenev rakarongwa. The havaoni of Bolshevik Party vaipomerwa pokuita imwe Trotskyist sangano aipikisana. Waiva zvakanaka vakaronga anoparadzirwa nyaya. Molotov, kunyange zvake setsika vafanane, akashora dare. Ipapo anenge atadzirwa wakawira udzvanyiriri. Stalin akakwanisa kuramba vatsigiri vake dzaserera. Pashure pechiitiko ichi, Molotov kumboedza kurwisa kwakatevedzana sefungu panezvinotyisa. Mukupesana, akava kushingaira mukwikwidzi.

By pakutanga Great Patriotic War of 25 vanhu Commissars, uyo akashanda ari SNK muna 1935, rakapona chete Voroshilov, Mikoyan, Litvinov, Kaganovich uye Molotov pachake Vyacheslav. Nyika, professionalism, pachake kuvimbika kune mutungamiri - izvi zvose hachisisina chero zvaanoreva. Pasi chinotenderera of NKVD aizowana chimwe. Muna 1937, sachigaro SNK rakaitirwa rimwe plenums of Central Committee aine diatribe umo rinotiyeuchidza toughen pakurwisa vavengi vevanhu uye vasori.

It Molotov akatanga kuchinja, vakatevera ne "veTroika" vakagamuchira zvakanaka kutonga yevaifungidzirwa havasi voga, asi yose mazita. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti zviite basa mitumbi. Ichatonga zvine mbiri udzvanyiriri kwakaitika muna 1937-1938 gg. Varipi NKVD uye matare Aisagona kutsungirira unyatsoshanda kupomerwa. Kutyisa akatendeuka kwete utungamiriri bato. Iyewo akabata pamusoro vanhuwo vagari USSR. Asi Stalin achinyanya pachake akatarisira "Trotskyists" mukuru, vasori Japanese nezvimwe vatengesi. Zvichitevera mutungamiri nyaya wakawira kunyadziswa vaiita ake vakuru kwemwoyo. Muna 1930 Molotov chaizvoizvo aiva munhu wechipiri hurumende. Achiratidza aiva kupembererwa yebasa rayo rechi50 gore muna 1940. Zvadaro sachigaro SNK kwete chete vakagamuchira dzakawanda hurumende mibayiro. In rukudzo ake muguta Perm zita Molotov.

Vanhu commissar nokuda Affairs Foreign

Sezvo Molotov ari Politburo, iye ave mukuru mukuru Soviet munyaya dzimwe negwaro. Sachigaro CPC uye vanhu commissar nokuda Foreign Affairs of USSR Bamba Litvinov kazhinji vasingabvumirani panyaya ukama West, uye zvichingodaro .. Muna 1939, pakava reshuffle. Litvinov akasiya ake post, uye Molotov aiva vanhu commissar nokuda Affairs Foreign. Stalin akamugadza chete panguva apo vatorwa mutemo razova zvakare chinhu kutituma upenyu yose.

Izvo zvakazoita kuti kudzingwa pamusoro Litvinov? Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Molotov vanokwanisa ichi chaiva yamunenge Munyori General, sezvo akanga ari mutsigiri rapprochement pamwe Germany. Uyezve, pashure Scriabin akagadzwa commissar, muhofisi yake, mutsva sefungu udzvanyiriri, izvo akabvumira Stalin kubvisa pakati vamiriri, havatsigiri ake okune dzimwe nyika nehurumende.

Apo Berlin akava aiziva kutsvetera Litvinova, Hitler akarayira vatambi vake kuti uzive zvakaita mafungiro matsva muMoscow. Muchirimo cha1939, Stalin achiri akapokana, asi pakupedzisira akasarudza muzhizha, zvinokosha kuti kuedza kuwana mutauro nevakawanda pamwe Third Reich, uye kwete Britain kana France. August 23 chete gore, akasvika muMoscow, German Minister Foreign Joachim of Ribbentrop. Nhaurirano chete Stalin uye Molotov vanaye. Havana nezvengozi zvavo chinangwa kune dzimwe nhengo Politburo, izvo Somuenzaniso, kwakaita kuti kuvhiringidzika Voroshilov, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva mutariri nomukadzi France uye England. Mubayiro kusvika German nhume yakanga yakakurumbira asiri utsinye chibvumirano. It inonziwo iri Molotov-Ribbentrop chibvumirano, kunyange zvazvo, Chokwadi, zita akatanga kushandiswa papfuura pane zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa.

Huru Gwaro anosanganisirawo dzokuwedzera chakavanzika protocols. Maererano zvokudya zvayo, Soviet Union uye Germany akavakamura Eastern Europe kupinda mabhora ose simba. Urongwa uhwu akabvumira Stalin kutanga kundorwa Finland, annexing kuBaltic States, Moldova uye Poland. yakakura sei mupiro chinoitirwa zvibvumirano izvi Molotov? Non-hasha chibvumirano ainzi pashure zita rake, asi chokwadi, zvose sarudzo dzinokosha dziri chinoitwa Stalin. Commissar wake chete executor nokuda mutungamiri. Mumakore maviri akatevera, kusvikira pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, Molotov akaita kunyanya chete wokumwe negwaro.

Great Patriotic War

Maererano nedzenyu migero ayo Molotov akagamuchira mashoko pamusoro kwegadziriro Third Reich kurwa pamwe Soviet Union. Asi haana vachikoshesa kukosha kune izvi mishumo, nekuti akatya kunyadziswa pamusoro chikamu Stalin. Mutungamiri akaisa chete undercover mashoko pamusoro petafura, asi havana vanodzungudza kudavira kwake kuti Hitler haana angatsunga kuzorwisa USSR.

Hazvishamisi kuti June 22, 1941 Molotov pashure webasa wake zvikuru akanetseka chaizvo mashoko yapinda muhondo. Asi kwaari, Stalin akarayira kuita matauriro ake yakakurumbira, iyo kutepfenyurwa paredhiyo pazuva rokutanga Wehrmacht kurwiswa. Munguva yehondo Molotov vakashumira kunyanya nedzenyu mabasa. Akanga ari mutungamiriri Stalin muna State Defense Committee. Vanhu commissar kamwe chete akasangana pamberi, kana akanga atuma kuongorora ezvinhu musengwa kukundwa pana Vyazma akavhiyiwa mumatsutso 1941.

ari doghouse

Pausiku World War II Molotov sezvo sachigaro SNK akanga yakatsiviwa Stalin pachake. Apo, pakupedzisira, pane rugare, commissar kwevanhu vakaramba panzvimbo yake vaitarisira dzimwe negwaro. Aiitawo kumisangano UN wokutanga, uye saka vaiwanzofamba kuUnited States. Nechokunze, zvose akatarisa zvakanaka Molotov. Zvisinei, muna 1949, akanga asungwa wake Polina Zhemchuzhina. Iye aiva muJudha pakuberekwa, uye aiva munhu anokosha vechiJudha Antifascist Committee. Just pashure pehondo, Soviet Union yakatanga Anti-oukuru nhimbe, anosarudza Stalin pachake. Pearl sezvingatarisirwa yakawira guyo kwake. Kusunga mukadzi Molotov akanga nhema chiratidzo.

Kubvira 1949, akava kakawanda amirire Stalin, uyo akatanga kurwadziwa. Zvisinei, zvakafanana chitubu wamambo akanga vakamutorera pambiru yake sezvo commissar. Panguva XIX Congress of Party, Stalin haana kusanganisira yacho itsva Presidium of Central Committee. Bato vakatanga kutarisa Molotov somunhu vakatongerwa. zviratidzo zvose zvinoratidza kuti nyika iri kuuya shangu itsva yepamusoro, akafanana nouya zvakazunungusa Soviet Union muna 1930s. Zvino Molotov aiva mumwe wokutanga vamhan'ari kuti kupfurwa. Maererano netsamba kubva Khrushchev, Stalin kana zvinonzwika akambotaura kufungirana ake kuti vaimbova vanhu commissar nokuda Affairs Foreign akanga basa ne utsinye Western ungwaru munguva nedzenyu ake mishoni muUnited States.

Pashure Stalin afa

Molotov akaponesa kungoerekana chete rufu Stalin, March 5, 1953. kupfuura ake aiva nehana kwete chete nokuti nyika asiwo kune pakarepo kwezvakatipoteredza. Panguva ino Stalin akava mwari, ane rufu zvakanga zvakaoma kudavira. Vanhu paiva nerunyerekupe kuti Molotov anogona kutsiva mutungamiri sezvo musoro wehurumende. It rinoitei mukurumbira wake, uyewo basa refu mukuru munzvimbo.

Asi Molotov kamwe zvakare haana vanoti hutungamiri. "The seboka simba" akagadzwa zvakare iye gurukota Affairs Foreign. Molotov akatsigira Khrushchev wake boka racho mune imwe kurwiswa Beria uye Malenkov. Zvisinei yomuka mubatanidzwa yakatora nguva refu. The pati vepamusoro idzokororo nharo pamusoro dzimwe negwaro. Kunyanya chenjera waiva mubvunzo rara Yugoslavia. Uyezve, Molotov, Voroshilov uye Khrushchev vataura zvinhu pamusoro wayo zvisarudzo pamusoro pokumuka mhandara dzose. Gone ndiwo mazuva apo mutungamiri mumwe chete waiva panyika. Khrushchev aiva Chokwadi, vasina chegumi mugove simba, waiva Stalin. pakupedzisira Kushaikwa Hardware uremu kurega basa racho.

Asi asati kuti utungamiriri hwake zvepamusoro akaonekana navo Molotov. Muna 1957, iye vabatana pamwe Kaganovich uye Malenkov muboka vanonzi Anti-party. Chinangwa kurwisa rakanga Khrushchev akanga aronga kusiya. Zvisinei, bato kupfuura kukwanisa kukundikana boka kuvhota. Anoteverwa rematch wegadziriro. Molotov akarasikirwa ake pambiru sezvo gurukota wokumwe.

mumakore achangodarika

Pashure 1957, Molotov vakabata kuduku hurumende mbiru. Somuenzaniso, akanga mumiriri kuMongolia. Pashure kutsoropodzwa kwesarudzo yake XXII Congress kudzingwa mubato uye akatuma kupinda pamudyandigere. Molotov akaramba achishingaira kusvikira mazuva ake okupedzisira. Somunhu private munhu, iye akanyora uye akabudisa mabhuku uye nyaya. Muna 1984, atova mutana akakwanisa kuita kudzorerwa Communist Party.

Munguva 1980s mudetembi Felix Chuev rakabudiswa akarekodhwa kukurukurirana vavo mastodon mugwaro weSoviet. Uye, somuenzaniso, nomuzukuru Vyacheslav Molotov dzezvematongerwo enyika Vyacheslav Nikonov aiva muvambi netsamba uye hwakadzama tsvakurudzo pamusoro Biography ari wamambo yeSoviet. Aimbova murume wechipiri ari mamiriro, akafa muna 1986 aine makore 96.