Totalitarianism - hurongwa umo munhu anova Cog

Totalitarianism - imwe gadziriro enyika simba, umo hurumende tichibatsirwa Vezvemitemo kumisa zvachose kudzora zvose zvinobatanidzwa vanhu. Zvakasiyana authoritarianism - nevamwe vasiri democratic hurumende - kuti kuedza kupinda munzvimbo pfungwa, upenyu pachake, uye kunyange zvinodavirwa nomumwe munhu. Anoedza kumanikidza kunyange kuchinja upenyu mhuri vagari uye anovamba gadziriro zvachose nokuongororwa.

On nyika yaimbova Soviet Union dzichiri kuwanikwa pakati vagari nostalgic kwemazuva Stalin kutambura uye kupanga "ruoko yakasimba". Vari apikisa nevaya vane akasiyana nemaonero, vachiti totalitarianism - ndiye Stalinism. Vanotaura vachida dzidziso yake zvinotevera nharo: muna Stalin kuti umambo vakatonga mukuru dzematongerwe enyika "Marxism-Leninism", iro raifanira kugoveranwa nevanhu vomunyika dzose. Fidelity kuti maonero ichi vaifanira kuratidza zvose uye kwose kwose - somuenzaniso, anotaura guru nebudiriro mugovanisi basa vakanga rakaitika kunyange apolitical nenyanzvi mabasa pamusoro masvomhu.

Chechipiri nharo kuti totalitarianism - uyu Stalinism, ndechokuti Kunyika neSoviet kuti nguva chakagadzwa kudzora mapurisa, uye nhamba. Kubva kukireshi yaikurudzira manzwiro kuti nyika yose iri kurarama rakombwa nevavengi, vose kwokunze - imperialist "nyika kaplagerya" uye nechomukati - saboteurs uyo yokukanganiswa. Izvi "muvengi wavanhu" aigona kuva chero mugari, uye vanhu vakawanda vaitya Representatives chaiwo masimba ose simba nemamiriro - the Cheka, NKVD, gare gare KGB.

In nyasha chokuti totalitarianism - ndiko Stalinism, uye rinoratidza chimwe-party hurongwa hurumende. The Communist Party pamusoro Pfungwa absolutism unobudisa - ose "deviationism" utsinye kutambudzwa. Masangano All, vezvenhau uye dzidzo inozviisa yemamiriro bato. vagari vose vari kunyimwa kodzero Kupikisa. Economy zvizere nokudzorwa mamiriro, chero private zvebhizimisi kunonzwisiswa ive kuvhiringidza pamusoro unregulated simba urwu mari. In pamwero achishandisa muranda wechibharo (Gulag).

Saka chii kuri nostalgic edu vamwe vakwegura dzedu? Kana zvakanga zvakadaro zvakaipa, zvino nei zvakadaro naA nomufananidzo "mamwe vatambi zvose" uye "baba vemarudzi" Stalin? Hungu, Soviet Union of 1930s aiva hurumende pevatongi, asi pane imwe pashure nguva zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti vanonzi. Gare gare Soviet hurongwa, asi, achiuya pasi rondedzero authoritarianism. Izvi Hurongwa mbiri undemocratic hurumende - authoritarianism uye totalitarianism - vane zvakawanda zvakafanana, asi mumwe musiyano unokosha chaizvo. Wokutanga Hurongwa haatsvaki munhumbi uye kumisa kudzora zvose zvinobatanidzwa vanhu, zvishoma enyika uye zvokunamata uye pfungwa.

Kana authoritarianism pane marongera chavagari kuti anonzwa panguva hwomutambarakede uye njodzi - kushanda maguta makuru ari USSR, kirasi pakati pasi General of Gaulle muFrance, vanhu maindasitiri makuru pasi Pinochet. Under totalitarianism kuchengeteka haafungi munhu, kunze mutongo vepamusoro. Nhoroondo remakore rechimakumi maviri rakazara chaiwo hwoudzvinyiriri akadaro. Akaberekwa rokuti "totalitarianism" muItaly yose Mussolini, asi akawana kuratidzwa kwayo zvikuru imwe gare gare - muna Nazi Third Reich aHitler dzematongerwe enyika ari Khmer Rouge, Maoism, Turkmenistan pasi Turkmenbashi uye dzematongerwe enyika "Juche" mu North Korea