Water jets kuti zvikepe uye zvikepe: wongororo pamusoro vaburitsi, zvakanakira nekuipira

Kazhinji, vanhu vanosarudza kusonganira mhando yebasa (kana chiri chitandadzo kana basa) vaine miviri mvura zvakadai senzizi kana makungwa, pakupedzisira kutarisana dambudziko rwokusarudza uye mhando chikepe propulsion kwaari. Motor mavhoriyumu mvura ndege kana vachiri sikuruu? Mumwe ane zvayakanakira ayo nezvayakaipira. How kusarudza, chii kuti kuteerera? Uye kana zvakakodzera kuti sarudzo pakati mvura ndege uye chaiwo injini rakavhurika bhaudhi?

pombi-jeti

Water jeti inonzi injini kuti propulsion ari mudziyo kuburikidza simba vanowanika nokuda kwebhuku mvura jeti.

The propulsion mudziyo unotora munhu hwindimiri mugodhi (impeller) vodomotnoy nyere straightener uye gozvo mudziyo.

Nheyo oparesheni ndiyo ingress mvura kubudikidza impeller kusvika mvura Inlet yomukati, uye mushure mvura iri vabudiswa kubudikidza tapered chubhu, iyo nzira yokubudisa izvo zviri seduku dhayamita kupfuura Inlet. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti ndege kuti anopa sangano imwe injini chikepe. Tiine gozvo gadziriro anogadzirwa kuchinja kutungamirirwa inofamba nenzira kutenderera ari ndege propulsion chikwata mune chinjikira mundege, ichipa mudziyo madzoro uye pindana kuti nzira yokubudisa obratnonapravlenny unoitisa aibuda, ichipa shure kukwira chikepe.

Nokusarudza mvura ndege rinowanzova vanhu vachida, uyo kazhinji kufamba yakazara madziva kana Mangondo. Normal sikuruwa injini mu izvi ezvinhu njodzi kuuya yakapararawo nokuda mukuru ngozi ichitenderera nebhitumini pamusoro sikuruu mumvura isina kudzika kana kugara vachionana guru ungwandangwanda. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakakosha Pombi-ndege, ichipa kumhanya, maneuverability uye kuchengeteka.

Havafaniri kuva zvishoma maonero vechikamu forum siyana. Pashure mufananidzo nzwisisika zvinoita kwete kuongorora. High vhoriyamu mvura ndege hakusi chaizvo yakaoma chete chimiro, hazvina kuti mudziyo upi muenzaniso kungava kwakakodzera. Kana ruzivo achinyatsoita pfungwa nokushandisa mudziyo pamwe pombi-ndege, zvinofanira kugara hwokupedzisira shanduro chikepe nemvura cannons chepakutanga michina. Uyezve, zviri zvinodiwa kusarudza imwe kambani mubasa kugadzirwa propulsion Data kwenguva refu.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

Water jeti mudziyo uri kunyanya chokwadi kuti zvose guru kubvongodzwa zvikamu "zvakavanzika" mukati mumuviri. Kana chikepe anomhanya kukandirwa, kubata pasi Hull kunoitika. Izvi magadzirirwo chinhu kunoita kuti kudzivirira zvinhu rurege kukuvaradzwa, izvo hakusi outboards ne "fukura" sikuruu. Pump-jeti havana kutya rokusongana pemvura marara.

Kana uchityaira gwenya chikepe isina kudzika mvura ine udzamu anenge akaenzana kumhara muviri (anenge 20 masendimita) mvura kanoni unokunda marara munzvimbo, uye nzvimbo zvipingamupinyi yakabudikira kubva mvura nokuda kwayo maneuverability.

Kana kubhururuka chipingamupinyi ari kudzika masendimita anenge 30, zvakamubaya vachafunga pasi chikepe, pachinzvimbo mvura kanoni, sezvo unomutsa havasi yakabudikira zvikamu, risingagoni akati pamusoro outboard, iyo yakarova apfuudzire mashizha ari hwindimiri.

Apo neapo kupomba-ndege kushandiswa uye mafaro rwokugadzira nekuda nyoro simba yedzimudzangara kushanda (Kupfuudzwa) uye kusavapo vibrations.

Zvazvakanakira zvinofanira kusanganisirawo kusavapo mamwe mvura kuramba yaingowanikwa injini ine wakavhurika hwindimiri (hwindimiri chipande nokusika mamwe nemishonga). Uyezve, voga mukuru inertia zviratidzi yamunenge kukurukurwa kumusoro nokukurumidza (sezvo ari mberi panguva uye pakupedzisira). Wandei kukosha ndiye siyana uye yakaderera ruzha: High vhoriyamu mvura ndege outboard achimhanya zvinooneka yakanyarara pane injini pamwe hwindimiri.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa akaipa rutivi pasi kudzika mvura pane mukana kuti injini achaparadzwa akasungirirwa mabwe, jecha uye marara kubva pasi, nekuti mvura kanoni anoshanda panheyo ane pombi pombi. Izvi zvinogona kuguma kuvadza impeller, kukundikana kutonhora ino uye zvisiri kushanda rimwe abudise kamwene.

Chimwe akaipa nguva ndiyo kukweshera. It kunokonzerwa kumhanya kufamba mvura mukati nenyere. Usakanganwa pamusoro mutengo naro. Vodomotnye outboard injini pamusoro sezvo kaviri zvinodhura sezvo kwakajairika outboards rakashama sikuruu. Nokuda chikepe ichi ine pombi-ndege Included yekudyidzana kuwedzera ukoshi hwavo uye panoonekwa vatengi somunhu chero paangodira kana nacho.

Kazhinji Fans ose chaiwo sikuruwa Motors uye mvura ndege kudzora hurongwa. Dambudziko kunobva pakuti chaiwo hwindimiri ane pakachena hwindimiri ane chimwe mhikuriso kudzora hurongwa. Pump-jeti vari reversibly multilink-gozvo mudziyo. Vamwe vagadziri vanokwanisa kubereka magwa naye pakuvara mvura ndege pamwe chete-mhikuriso kudzora hurongwa. Kudivi rimwe, zvinobatsira kudzidza mvura kanoni, Ukuwo, pane rinobatanidza matambudziko pane zvakanakira:

• Chekutanga, akatanga hwapedyo isiri pfungwa pamusoro pombi-ndege. Izvi imhaka kushaya munhu kutapukirwa kwakadaro, izvo anobvumira kushandura chaishanda mhikuriso kune kwazvakarerekera nzvimbo. Kutapukirwa anogona kana kurukura batira kana kure. Pump-jeti iri zvishoma nezvishoma kuwana nokukurumidza apo nguva imwe siyana akadai jerk kubva nzvimbo hazvifaniri kutarisirwa.
• Chechipiri, nokuti kunzwisisa misimboti mvura ndege nani, Zvinokurudzirwa zvakaitika kudzidziswa rakakodzera. Wemanomano pombi-ndege kudzora iri kudiwa kuti kushandisa throttle mhikuriso (kuwedzera kukurumidza) chete pachena dziva. Kana uchityaira pamusoro karukova Mangondo nani kwete kuita kudaro.
• Wechitatu kukosha chinetso, kuri chero mhando mvura chokufambisa - overgrowing. Zvikurukuru chenjera ndiye dambudziko mamiriro nemvura cannons, sezvo zvose zvinofamba zvikamu zviri mukati. With akaramba kushandiswa unomutsa harisi dambudziko. Zvisinei, kana chikepe harishandiswi kwenguva refu, iyo mukati vari vashoma. Zvikurukuru, uchisvibisa viscera abudise hurongwa kunoderedza kumhanya kufamba kusvika 10%. Dambudziko riri kugadziriswa uye disassembly mvura ndege rokuchenesa manually, asi kana injini chikepe simbe refu chaizvo nguva, vachava kuonana chitoro uye kutsvaka yakakodzera kupembedza pagondobwe chikepe injini. Kushandisa chaiyo dhayi sezvamunoita huchagadzirisa dambudziko iri, asi kwete kwenguva refu: dzose kufamba mumvura Kurumidza kusuka kure pendi.

High vhoriyamu mvura ndege - hazvina!

Chokwadi, kuchengeteka ndege ngarurege - huru chinhu chakanaka. Sezvo impeller riri mukati, mvura kanoni haikuvadzi munhu kugara mumvura. mano kwakadaro kushandiswa watercraft uye zvikepe panguva vachikweva mvura skiers uye surfers.

Structural zviri pombi-ndege ambotirega chikepe chinoitwa nokuchinja anenge ari panzvimbo neizvi-gozvo mudziyo (RDD), inopa kuchinja mirayiridzo (harungashandurwi) ari effluent.

mvura jeti zvikamu zviri nyore, uye kugadzira haakonzeri vangaomerwa yakawandisa. Kana mvura ndege injini zvinopera, unofanira kushandisa mabasa upi muviri chitoro, apo mumwe nyore kugadzira kana kutsiviwa. All achaenderana mwero kukuvara. Ungafanira rework iri fastening maitiro, kutonhora uye pedza munyaya kutsiviwa.

Pump-jeti ane uwandu nuances, izvo hakufaniri kurerutswa. Mumwe wevaya: kuti akagadzirisa panguva kumhanya, regai itangezve kusvikira pakuguma upi rinoshamisa, kunyange vachitsaukira kana U-kudzoka kumusoro.

Sei uye outboard injini, pombi-ndege kaviri ichitenderera algae pangozi mune impeller, izvo zvaizoitawo anogona Jam. Kudzivirira kukuvara muinjini panyaya algae pamusoro ichitenderera rwiriko, chaiyo kiyi, izvo zvinogona kubviswa. Algae zvakare nyore kubvisa nehwangwadza yokutanga. It anodzivirira pamusoro kudonha matombo - afoot.

Sei kusarudza mvura kanoni

Kwakajairika rakavhurika outboard Motors vane hwindimiri kunyatsoshanda (kunyatsoshanda) zvakaenzana 0.65-0.75 apo zvinofamba panguva zvine mwero aimhanya. Nokuti kunyatsoshanda mvura ndege ndiyo inenge 0.55 kumhanya 40-55 km / h. By kuwedzera kukwira 100 km / h yatova 0.60-0.65. Zvakakodzera kuronga zvinhu zvose pombi-ndege zvinopa kunyatsoshanda kweinenge 0,70. Saka zvinokosha kuti tikurukure kwete chete mvura kanoni asiwo kumhanyisa vematombo akagadzawo mvura ndege magadzirirwo.

Zvinokurudzirwa kudzidza zvinoverengeka mitemo kuti kubvumira kusarudza nokuchenjera mvura cannons, chikuru muupenyu chiri hanya akagadzira uye mukugadzira rwokugadzira. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakakosha kuteerera pezvakaita kamwene. Abudise anofanira dzeraundi kana elliptical muchinjikwa-sectional chimiro. Zvishoma zvinodiwa embodiments vari mativi abudise chubhu uye muchimiro rectangle pamwe woita makona.

Chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti kurereka angled intakes akabatana. Sarudza kuti uri "nokukurumidza yakakwirira -. Yakatenuka kushoma" Vodomotnye vavezi vematombo kusimukira nokukurumidza muna kuwanda 55-65 km / h, izvo zvinoitwa pakona rimwe 35-39 inegumi. Kuti vabudirire yepamusoro aimhanya angled anofanira kuderedzwa 25 inegumi. The angled kuti zvaidiwa hwindimiri mugodhi anosarudzwa ari zvinobva razero kusvika shanu inegumi.

kugadzwa

Jet nemotokari inofanira kuiswa iri chiedza-nokukurumidza midziyo, inonzi "planing". zvikepe kwakadaro zvakagadzirirwa nokukurumidza pamusoro 60 km / h. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva mvura kanoni akatasva injini magwa naye avhareji zvaidiwa pakona ari pasi (deadrise) kubva madhigirii 10 kusvika 30.

Panguva naro, kufungawo uremu hwindimiri, somunhu zvachose mukati mvura inowedzera nouchapupu mugove uremu mudziyo. Nokuti kuita Masvomhu "propulsion" mudziyo, vanofanira kufungawo chinokosha nuance. Asi kana isu funga mufananidzo zvizere, mvura kanoni akatasva igwa - zvikuru tsindirana shanduro kupfuura injini ine pakona mbiru. Imwe uremu nyore zvaizopedza kubudikidza pasina gearbox, iyo unotsiva neizvi-gozvo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kugadzwa rinokosha coupling pakati muinjini uye mvura kanoni. Izvi zvinopa nyayawo kushanda injini, pasinei kwadzinoita pombi-ndege.

topicality

kufarira kwechokwadi pombi-ndege kubva kutengeserana pfupi ichangobva ranyuka. Nemhaka kuedza shipbuilding makambani ari muchimiro mvura ndege chokugadza nokuti mukuru-nokukurumidza gungwa ferries, zvechiuto uye zvokutengeserana nemidziyo, kwakadai chikepe propulsion dzakakundwa kwaari mukurumbira.

Kunobudirira kushanda ruzivo akaratidza zvakavanzika mikana yakawanda, kuwedzera kune pachena ukuru kuti akunda vodomotnye magwa mumvura isina kudzika.

Saka, mumwe Italian mabhuku makambani, okushambadza Yacht pamwe pombi-ndege, zvichiratidza zvinhu zvakadai mukuru mwero anochinjika kuti kuchinja mitoro mudziyo (izvo zvinogona kazhinji siyana) uyewo mamwe nouchapupu kwakarongeka pa aimhanya 60 kusvika 95 km / h .

Water cannons kunze shoal

unhu izvi kuita basa rinokosha kuti mukuru-nokukurumidza chikepe sezvo chaiwo unomutsa ane pakachena hwindimiri chikepe nokukurumidza kunobva sikuruwa nokukurumidza. Kuchinja mamiriro ekunze, kunobatsira kuderedza mudziyo sitiroko, zvinotungamirira yakaoma tiine dzose nokukurumidza. Izvi inokanganisa injini mabasa nokuda kutadza kuva nhamba huru muchichinjana. Nokuda peculiarities emvura ndege, ndiyo nekusagona gwenya zadzisa, mukana kuva vazhinji majana, zvisinei kumhanya kwebasa mudziyo. Kureva nhamba nokumukirana aregedza, mutoro uri injini achagara chete, kuramba kuchinja mafuta kunwa chete chairema nguva, asi kuchawedzera huni kudyiwa chete chikwata kure.

Uyezve, pombi-ndege maneuverability achibvumira yacht chakasungirirwa murwizi yakamanikana piers pane unyanzvi zvengarava. Uyezve, chinhu chinokosha naro mvura cannons yawana kuzivikanwa munzvimbo chikumbiro pamusoro rwendo magwa ndiko zvavo vakanyarara oparesheni.

Motor yacht vari kutanga nezvinetso kana kutyaira pamusoro 50 km / h pamatunhu makungwa. Izvi imhaka kuwedzera mvura kuramba ari mashizha (kunyange kana kutenderera) hwindimiri. Kana kushandisa mvura ndege substantially Zero kuramba nokuda akagadzira unomutsa ichipa kuramba tichiwana akapoteredza redzimba.

Cruise zvikepe Kashoma enda pa kumhanya, kudiwa mvura ndege anokonzerwa chido zvikuru kodzera uye njodzi injini oparesheni. Asi pane zviitiko kuti rine kwakawedzera nokukurumidza muna megungwa tichiregeredza simba - ndiko kuisa vakawanda injini.

musika mugove

Rakavimbika mvura cannons mu marara reservoirs kunokonzera pasina kugunun'una. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Dare kukurira nzvimbo idzi yakasvibiswa sezvinoita Channel, pasina rimwe kukundikana.

Pasinei ayo richibatsira, pombi-ndege yakashandiswa akasiyana zvachose pakatarisana nzvimbo shipbuilding, kana pamusoro multiengine rwendo magwa kana diki nokukurumidza magwa kana ndege skis. Uye yokupedzisira mvura kanoni ndiro chete kuzvipedza. mugove musika cheshumba kuitawo magwa ose akasiyana siyana pamwe ainakidza hwindimiri. About chinhu chaizvo vashomanana zvikepe kunze gungano mutsetse, kuva kare akavaka mvura kanoni, kwete kukodzera nezvokuvaka.

Total vanenge 11% (maererano nenyanzvi) ndowenyika pombi-ndege musika. Asi nhamba iri zvinogona yekudyidzana akaderedzwa, kana kwete zvakazara funga kumusika kuti propulsion mano, dzakakudzingai ndege skis, mvura kanoni riri chinokosha magadzirirwo.

Maererano Zvaifungidzirwa kuti makambani anogadzira michini, pane mukana kuwedzera nhamba iyi 45% nokuda Kuziviswa pombi-ndege musika nekugona.

Reviews kuti injini uye vagadziri

A yakawanda iyi hove kushandisa zvikepe "Rotan 240m" pachiimbwa mvura ndege Yamaha 40.

Maererano navo, mugadziri Yamaha anozviti iduku kwazvo. Mostly chokuita zvikanganiso "kujaira" nokuti nhoroondo yakanyorwa vakawanda vaya vachangobva achinja mvura kanoni kubva mumwe. Ndizvo kwete nzvimbo twitches pashure kumeso buditsa mhikuriso anotadza yakadzika shure muchikepe.

Negative mhinduro kwakacherechedzwa kuti kambani Tohatsu. Chekutanga, vabati vehove chokunyunyuta pamusoro kakawanda kutenga chakaremara zvigadzirwa. Chechipiri, muenzaniso Tohatsu 40 zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "sorokovke isingaruramisiri" se 40 horsepower injini haapi kunze. Kazhinji ne Tohatsu 50, asi muenzaniso uyu nokukurumidza overheats.

The kushanda ari hwindimiri

Installation venguva outboard propulsion Unit rakakodzera, kana zvakakodzera kushandisa maximally itsanangudzo marongerwo uye sangano iri mvura munzvimbo ine udzamu kupfuura avhareji panguva yakaderera aimhanya (kusvika 50 km / h).

Yamaha motors are well proven. Kune matatu matatu makuru:

• Mhepo inopisa nemhepo inopera. Ihwo hunoshamisa hwechimiro ndechokuti nzvimbo iyo iyo mafuta inosunungurwa, pamwe nekubudiswa kwesimba rekupisa, iri pakati - mukatikati memakona, apo majeka akabatanidzwa.
• Gadzira zvivako zvine urongwa hwekudzima kwemafuro pamusoro pehiyo.
• Zvirongwa nemiti mbiri dzinopedza mvura iri kumusoro uye pasi peedisi.

Mhedziso

Muzhinji, zvikepe zvemvura zvakasvibiswa nemvura zvinounza zvakawanda zvakanakira kugadzirwa kwechikepe, asi zvipingamupinyi zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa hazvifaniri kutapudzwa. Kana zvisina kudaro, zvinodhura zvinodhura zvinogona kuva mutoro.

Vagadziri vekune dzimwe nyika vanobudisa jet mvura yejet uye yakakura kwazvo uye zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, Yamaha jet jet nemakiromita 350x560x300 mm uye inorema 19 kg ine mari yevhiriki 75,000 mumusika wemisika.

Mercury ME JET 25 ml (yakagadzirwa muU.SA) yakawanda kwazvo: ine urefu kumativi ekumusoro kwemuviri (necheriri) 508 mm, uremu hunenge 60 kg, injini yepamusoro 420 cm ³ , kutengesa kwemhepo pamaminetsi kusvika kusvika 5000, kunyatsogadzirisa manotsi. Mari inotengeswa mumisika yepamusha inenge 263 500 rubles.

Mvura yeJapan Tohatsu M25JET nemafungiro akafanana (inopesana chete nehuwandu hwekudzorera: 5200-5600 paminiti) inodhura 287 500 rubles.

Kana uchienzanidza, chikwata chekare chinogona kuwanikwa pamutengo we 30,000 rubles uye pamusoro.

Hazvishamisi, nekuda kwekusiyana uku kuri kukosha, vashomanana vanosarudza kutenga mvura. Mutengo mukuru, uye havasi vose vanogona kupa chic chakadaro. Inoramba ichitarisirwa kuti nenguva iyo mutengo wemitengo unogadzirisa, sevatori vedzimwe nyika vanofanotaura. Zvadaro, jet yemvura inoenderera kune imwe chikamu chikuru chemusika.

Inofanira kuonekwa zvakare kuti kuwedzera kukurumbira kwekushandiswa kwemakamuri emvura kunochengetedzwa nevashambadzi vanozivikanwa. Makambani akakurumbira zvikuru ndeokuti:

• Yamaha (Japan);
• Suzuki (Japan);
• Tohatsu (Japan);
• Honda (Japan);
• Mercury (USA);

Zvigadzirwa zvekambani imwe neimwe zvinoratidzirwa nehupamhi hwepamusoro, zvigadzirwa uye chikwata chekuita.

Mubvunzo wekudikanwa kwekuwana zvikamu zvezvikepe zvezvikepe zvechikepe hazvikure zvakanyanya. Izvo zvose pamusoro pekurumbira kwezvikwata zvataurwa. Tsanangudzo dzinowanikwa zvose zvekutenga pasi pehurongwa, uye kutengeswa mune zvigadzirwa zvakashambadzika kana zvitoro zvekugadzira motokari. Kugadziriswa kwemvura jets hakusi dambudziko guru.

Vagadziri vanopa nguva yakawanda yekutarisa mifananidzo imwe neimwe, tsanangudzo, uye nhamba imwe neimwe yenhamba isati yaisa mufananidzo pakufamba. Samples iri kuvandudzwa: mvura jets ine nhamba yakawanda yezvigadziri inobudiswa, ine nhamba yakawanda yezvigadzirwa, nemashizha ekuruboshwe uye kurongeka kwakarurama. Kunyatsotarisa kunobhadharwawo kune ruzha-kuvhara zvinhu zvakagadziriswa mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi akakodzera kuitira kuti urege kungoita kuti inzwi rejini ribudirire, asiwo kuderedza kudengenyeka. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutungamirira dzakapiwa kuti dzigadziriswe zvakakwana nejetti remvura. Mazano anoderedza izvo zvinonzi torque, kuitira kuti kugadzirisa komudziyo kuve kwakanyanyisa.

Kune zviyero zvine chekudzivirira zvakakwana, kwete kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemashonga epamusoro, izvo zvinonyanya kuderedza mikana yezviitiko zvisingafadzi zvingaerekana zvingounza cable yakaputsika.

Tichifunga nezvezvose zviri pamusoro apa, kusarudzwa kwemvura-mita kunofanirwa kurapwa zvakanyatsonaka. Mari yakawanda inotengeswa mukutora inofanira kubhadhara mune ramangwana, uye kusiyana pakati pekushandiswa kwefree uye jet injini dzemvura kunofanirwa kushandiswa.