Welfare basa - chii ichi? Kunyatsogona Correctional

Preschool Correctional inoita basa rinokosha kukura vana zvakakomba pfungwa zvoutano.

zvokukura budiriro

Studies mumunda kurovedza uye dzidzo kuenda kukireshi vana Nokuremara nevakangwara, zvinogoneka kusiyanisa zvitatu nguva:

1. Kugadzirwa correctional pedagogy kubva 1930 kusvika 1978. Panguva ino, akazviunganidzira kudzidzisa ruzivo, vakadzidza psycho-pedagogical uye kurapwa zviri mamiriro vana mupfungwa chakakanganisika nguva pre-kuchikoro, achigadzirira yepamutemo kuumbwa, mabhuku chesayenzi uye methodological nokuda pakusika chaiwo correctional pre-op.
2. Mazuvaano of zviri correctional uye dzidzo zvinhu pre-kuchikoro pakuchengetedzwa vana vakaremara nevakangwara kubvira 1978 kusvika 1992.
3. Dzidziso nokuti mangwanani kuziva zvedzidzo zvirwere zviri kuenda kukireshi vana, psycho-pedagogical nokururamiswa kutyorwa, kubatana kusvika yekudzidza pamusoro vabereki (1992 - nhasi).

Nezvekugadzirwa wakadini basa iri kuenda kukireshi

Ongorora mamwe nguva yaro inotungamirwa.

In wokutanga rinokosha reDare dzidziso L. S. Vygotskogo. Mune thirties remakore rapfuura kuRussia zvakange zvaratidzwa mitemo inokosha inotungamirwa rwepfungwa wemwana. Research inoitwa panguva kwakaratidza kuti paumbwe dzakanga mupfungwa mashandiro munhu kunoitika pashure pokuberekwa. At izvi zvinokonzerwa evanhu kwezvakatipoteredza, kurovedza uye dzidzo. Somugumisiro, mashoko anenge rokudzidzisa vaigona kuongorora ukama pakati chaivo uye zvemagariro zvinoita kukura vanoenda kukireshi mwana, vakanga nheyo wakadini basa.

Domestic kukura kuenda kukireshi vana kudzidza dzidziso

Masayendisiti vakatsunga kuti zvishoma nezvishoma paumbwe ruzivo vana vanoenda kukireshi kuburikidza kuwedzera mikana hwokuzvarwa mariri. Fungidziro L. S. Vygotskogo akabvumira vadzidzisi tonotora nzira itsva mufaro basa kuti kuenda kukireshi.

vanachiremba Soviet D. B. Elkonin, A. N. Leonteva akaratidza kuti kudzidza haisi aitungamirira chakaita nokuumbwa ungwaru, pave kushanda kwendangariro, asiwo kukura rokusika webasa kuenda kukireshi vana. Mugumisiro basa refu boka vadzidzisi ukama hwepedyo vanachiremba aiva chidzoke yechipiri yezana remakore rapfuura, dzichiri kudzidziswa pre-kuchikoro pedagogy.

Kukosha kutanga kudzidzisa Correctional

Nzira yakadaro rokudzidzisa pfungwa chakakanganisika kuenda kukireshi vana akazviratidza muna 1975. Rakanga panguva ino inokosha yakavhurwa muMoscow kuenda kukireshi, rakagadzirirwa vana vakaremara rezvedzidzo. Panguva zvokutsvakurudza nazvo vakawana kuti zvemamiriro kukura kururamiswa zvinogoneka chete kana kusimukira kudzidzisa, kushandisa dzidziso tisanzwe nguva. Kid ane zvokukura zvinetso, zvinoda uwane uye nenguva pedagogical chokupfeka. Kubudirira correctional uye dzidzo matanho anoenderana apo basa chakatangwa. Welfare basa - ndicho zvokurera uye kukura kwevana. The matambudziko yapfuura vanozivikanwa, zvakagadzira purogiramu kutaura navo, kakawanda kuti kururamiswa vachava nemigumisiro yakanaka.

Program iri rokudzidzisa mupfungwa chakakanganisika kuenda kukireshi vana

Rakabudiswa muna 1976. Kuwedzera asika nzira dzidzo uye kurovedzwa, yakananga kurumbidza nokuda Implementation yavo vanoenda kukireshi masangano dzidzo vana vane infringements pane zvedzidzo kukura kunge yakatanga. Mune nzira kwayo akacherechedza kuti mufaro basa - ichi ndicho chikamu Defectology, kushandisa nyaya okukura uye dzidzo yevana mupfungwa chakakanganisika.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20, akaramba tsvakurudzo mumunda pedagogy. kudzidzisazve akanga achiitiswa Correctional vadzidzisi, mwana vanachiremba. Mugumisiro boka vanachiremba uye vadzidzisi vanoenda kukireshi aiva kusikwa dzidziso nebasa yokusvika pachake kuvandudzika kuenda kukireshi mwana. Vaongorori zvakabudisa magazini akawanda dzesayenzi, pazviri Yakati kugarika basa - harisi mutongo, asi mukana kusimbisa basa vadzidzisi. Chaioneka muNzvimbo 80s remakore rapfuura uye purogiramu inokosha kugadzirwa O. P. Gavrilushkinym, N. D. Sokolovym, yakagadzirirwa kurovedza uye dzidzo vana mupfungwa chakakanganisika kuti kuenda kukireshi zera.

Rinoreva kuti zvakanaka basa - ichi chinokosha mirayiridzo yokudzidzisa zvinhu, misoro yokusvika kukura uye dzidzo yevana pamwe rezvedzidzo vakaremara. Kusimbisa raiva kusikwa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kuti paumbwe zvinoitwa nevana. Kudzidziswa akagadzirirwa zvirongwa kukura vana vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro kubva 3 kusvika 8 makore. Ivo pfungwa kuziva uye kurangwa nembudzana munhu vakaremara rezvedzidzo.

Chinotarisa ane Integrated yokusvika mabasa nevana vane kutyorwa rezvedzidzo kukura.

The chaizvo vana akadini basa

Saka chii zvakanaka basa? Kutsunga kunoratidza kuti kunonyanya anobata negadziriro yezviito zvainanga kukurira chirwere chepfungwa kuvana vanoenda kukireshi, batsirai vana ava zvinoenderana evanhu kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuwedzera kutsika basa nokutamba mitambo zvinoshandiswa kuenda kukireshi, pfungwa yakapiwa yakajeka basa. Vana vane matambudziko chakakomba ungwaru, vadzidzisi uye vanachiremba munyaya design, vanopa zvidzidzo zviri sculpting, kupenda. Nokufamba mabasa akadaro kukura yakaisvonaka injini unyanzvi kuvana vanoenda kukireshi, kukudziridza Vocal midziyo yavo, akaumba kukurukura unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana. Kunyange Nokuremara zvokukura, pamwe nekodzero kusvika pamusoro vadzidzisi uye vanachiremba, zvichiita inotungamirwa chepuraimari kwemasvomhu pfungwa, uyewo kuisa hwaro maitiro munzanga.

ano zvakanaka basa

Kuti ongororo mufaro basa panguva iyoyo? Attention vadzidzisi uye vanachiremba chinokwezva kutsvaka zvitsva siyana uye nzira basa pamwe kuenda kukireshi nevana, avo lag kure shure nevezera ravo rezvedzidzo kukura. Zvikurukuru, sezvo muchimiro rutsigiro urongwa correctional kuenda kukireshi vana zvinetso rezvedzidzo kukura ndivo correctional kuenda kukireshi inokosha. Izvi ndipo zvakanaka dzakabudirira kutaura mishonga. Correctional unoshanda pasi panorongwa, aifarirwa reBazi Redzidzo, mune hwepedyo zvokurapa vadzidzisi, mwana vanachiremba.

Research muna Russian Federation nokuda Correctional

Modern tsvakurudzo ichiitwa mumunda correctional pedagogy, achinyanya kuisa pfungwa kusikwa rinokosha pfungwa mangwanani vasabatwa matambudziko, nenguva Urongwa psycho-pedagogical nokururamiswa kuzivikanwa zvarakasiya mu mupfungwa kukura vana vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro. Kushanda Nyanzvi kuti vabudirire, correctional pedagogy zvinofanira kukudziridzwa pavanoparidza Institute of Education Family.

Kushandiswa mhuri uye munzanga kusvika kune mangwanani zvokuongorora kuti zvedzidzo zvarakasiya mu vanoenda kukireshi chinoreva rutsigiro nyanzvi pathologists. Ataura kuti dambudziko riri kugadziriswa mubvunzo kudzidziswa kukambaira. It akasika basa raikosha, izvo zvinosanganisira kwete nyanzvi chete utano, asi chiremba, mudzidzisi, chiremba, mwana kwepfungwa. Kana yasimbiswa, zvokurapa nechirwere, kuti vasabatwa zvokuva mupfungwa abnormalities preschooler rwunotumirwa nekutambira dzidzo uye kurovedzwa mune basa iri kuenda kukireshi.

Mabasa vanoenda kukireshi Oligophrenopedagogics

The chadzainyanya vanoenda kukireshi zvakanaka basa ndiko kudzidza yokungotaura parameters yokurovedza uye dzidzo yevana mupfungwa chakakanganisika. Zviri muzera iri kupfuura nokukurumidza paumbwe zvivako uye unhu exchange chaivo hwakanaka hwevanhu. Panguva iyi kukura, akasika hwaro zvinodiwa haizopereri inotungamirwa unyanzvi uye kugona mabasa akasiyana.

Kuwedzera unhu uye zvivako zviri psyche vana, izvo kutsanangura yezvakaita maitiro, ndiye paumbwe mafungiro kurutivi nyika uye mamiriro. Kana munguva iyi unogona zvizere here kugadzirisa ungwaru kukura mwana, isakarurama kuchachinja kukura kwayo tevera.

mhedziso

Correctional ichangopfuura Akakwezva vanachiremba uye vadzidzisi, sezvo vana vakaremara huru rezvedzidzo kukura kunova, zvinosuwisa, vachiwedzera ose gore. In mamiriro preschools zhinji vane wepfungwa, mudzidzisi, chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura. Basa ravo kuziva tanga matambudziko nokutaura, ndangariro, pfungwa uye zvichingodaro. D. Ndicho professionalism revashandi izvi zvinoenderana kana nenguva kutsiurwa zvarakasiya mu rezvedzidzo kukura vana vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro. The chikuru Chinetso ndechokuti yaivhuvhuta zvinhu zvakawanda zvine chokuita nepfungwa retardation, vari kuramba tichishanda.

GEF chizvarwa chechipiri, kwakamboitwa vanoenda kukireshi masangano rokudzidzisa, zvainanga mangwanani chirwere kwaniso okusika vana. With chakakomba mafungire vadzidzisi kuti itsva yeUnited mitemo dzidzo, yakaitwa zvakananga vanoenda kukireshi ruzhinji masangano, zvinokwanisika kuti nokukurumidza kuziva boka revana vane pfungwa retardation, dzinovapa zvose zvinobvira rubatsiro, kuti vashande pamwe yakadaro nyanzvi vanoenda kukireshi: vanachiremba, vanachiremba, kutaura varapi.