History, zvikurukuru Tianwan NPP

Chinetso simba kudyiwa munyika nhasi iri rikwanise chaizvo. Non-renewable zviwanikwa, izvo rakagara richidudzirwa kushandiswa kupa vanhu pamwe magetsi, kumanikidza hurumende dzakawanda kufunga nzira simba zvinyorwa. Zvisinei, kushaya kukura zvigadzirwa, zvakasiyana-siyana okunze uye nenzvimbo ezvinhu kuti tikwanise kushandisa simba chezuva, mvura uye mhepo hachisi kumatunhu ose. Ndokusaka kunyange pashure tsaona zvakakura uye vakawedzera hwepachena kusavimba of "atomu rugare" simba renyukireya yasara imwe ndiyo nzvimbo kukura.

Renyukireya kuti Republic of China

Atomic Energy of China vari ine rugare panguva chinomiririrwa matatu namatanhatu reactors, akarongwa nemana renyukireya nesimba miti. Aronga kuvaka imwe simba matatu chete Unit, gumi vavo vatova panguva Implementation pavaipfuura chirongwa.

Most renyukireya simba miti (kusanganisira Tianwan simba renyukireya chirimwa, inova chimwe chezvinhu rakavimbika uye yakachengeteka) dziri pamahombekombe. localization Izvi zvinoita kushandiswa kwemvura pagungwa zvakananga kutonhora. All nzvimbo yakakodzera pedo negungwa mvura zvinyorwa kare wakaradzikwa kuti humwe kuvaka simba muzvikamu matsva.

Kazhinji, zvinoshingaira kukura renyukireya riri China nechinangwa kuvandudza zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu hurumende. Kukurumidza kukura upfumi kare inopiwa marasha simba anosima, izvo emit zvikuru Zvinosvibisa kupfuura zvakanaka kushanda chirimwa. Somugumisiro, mhepo mumaguta rinamakwapa, uye yose tichitarisa kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu kunosiya zvakawanda anodikamwa.

China pamwe, uye Russian Federation mumunda renyukireya

Vazhinji reactors munharaunda vanhu Republic of China haasimbiswi pasina reRussia vabatanidzwe. No kunze, uye kuvakwa Tianwan renyukireya simba chirimwa (simba chirimwa, nenzira, ndicho chikamu chikuru chinhu Russian-Chinese pamwe). Kukwidziridzwa chiri kuitwa zvokukura drafting simba zvivako, chaiko pakuvaka zviyero, kugoverwa zvokuvakisa, midziyo, staffing nokudzidziswa pakuvaka Chinese vashandi. Bhuku hurongwa wekambani "Rosatom" pokupedza mabasa ose Chinese vamwe, China, akavapindurawo, anosimbisawo kuvapo kwayo pamusika wokuRussia: Eastern vakaroorana vari yokuisira pakati migove kuti "Yamal LNG" uye "Sibur".

Location zvenyukireya simba miti

Tianwan NPP (China) riri pedyo eponymous guta pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Yellow. The veko dana guta, yaiva anenge makumi matatu chete kubva muguta Lianyungang, musha hove duku, chaizvoizvo, madhorobha ruwa zvishoma vagari asingasviki mamiriyoni mashanu. Nzvimbo Lianyungang - chete nomwe nehafu dzakaenzana makiromita.

Mufananidzo pamusoro anoratidza nzvimbo Tianwan simba renyukireya chirimwa muna China mepu.

Chronology nechirongwa

Kuvaka yenyukireya simba chirimwa pedyo "musha hove" ari Lianyungang akatanga (kana pezvatinotaura pakutanga pamwe) muna 1992. Zvino pakati ouinjiniya kambani "Atomstroyexport" ndiro Muvaki, hurumende vanhu Republic of China uye Russian Federation dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro pamwe. The chibvumirano anopa drafting of Tianwan simba renyukireya chirimwa, kugoverwa anodiwa michina uye zvokuvakisa, basa naro, pakatanga renyukireya simba chirimwa nokushanda nokurovedza vashandi mune remangwana iri kushandiswa iri simba chivako.

Kutaura zvazviri, kushanda Unit Tianwan simba chirimwa wokutanga kwakaitika muna 2005. Kwapera gore, national simba samambure mu China inosanganisira chinhu chitsva - the Tianwan NPP. Nhoroondo chirongwa yakanga ichangotanga. Wokutanga simba mbiri renyukireya chirimwa chikwata basa muna 2007. The chinhu raiva garandi maviri akatevera.

Muna 2010, China Energy Corporation akapinda chibvumirano itsva Russian "Atomstroyexport". Panguva ino, chibvumirano rinoti mamiriro pakuvaka rwechitatu norwechina dzakabatana. Project budiriro rakapera muna 2012 nekuda yechitatu, uye muna 2013 nokuti simba wechina zvinogumbura, izvozvo chakaratidza kutanga yakatarwa kongiri hwaro. Zvinotarisirwa kuti rechitatu uye chechina simba zviumbu of Tianwan simba renyukireya chirimwa chichange basa muna 2018.

Masangano kuti muchirongwa chokuvaka simba miti

Rokuvaka yenyukireya simba chirimwa haisi chete tichiita ouinjiniya kambani "Atomstroyexport". In yayo yokutanga Danho vamapoka chacho zvinotevera makambani nemasangano vakatora chikamu panguva Tianwan simba renyukireya chirimwa:

• utariri nesayenzi vakatakura Kurchatov Institute;
• reactor hurongwa muhurukuro experimental kugadzirwa "Hydraulic" Bureau;
• pakatanga renyukireya simba zvinomera ichishanda raitungamirwa mukuru Muvaki - kambani "Atomtekhenergo";
• mukuru mugadziri vairidza St. Petersburg "AEP";
• Huru midziyo kwakaitwa pamusoro "Izhora Plants";
• chiutsi emagetsi akapa muchina-kuvaka chirimwa "ZiO-Podolsk";
• zvoga simba renyukireya chirimwa kudzora maitiro chakatengwa kubva hanya German Siemens.

In yose, kugadzirwa uye Implementation chirongwa kwaisanganisira anenge 150 makambani nemasangano, mukuwedzera, vakawanda midziyo yaigadzirwa nevanhu Chinese mabhizimisi.

Kupinda yenyukireya simba chirimwa ichishanda

Kunobudirira Implementation chirongwa uye nenguva nokutumwa pakati vamapoka nomurayiro wokutanga zvazova chiitiko chikuru nokuda China raMwari renyukireya simba maindasitiri, uyewo Contractors Russian, Developers. pre-Delivery basa dzakati wacho wakasainwa musoro "Atomstroyexport" pamwe Russian divi uye Director JNPC (Jiangsu Power Nuclear Corporation) pamwe Chinese. Status Action Tianwan NPP (ona mufananidzo. Below) agamuchira August 16, 2007.

An chinokosha

Pakuvaka renyukireya simba chirimwa akashandisa zvemberi panguva iyoyo zvisarudzo. An nyaya chinokosha masangano nemakambani zvinobatanidzwa kukura basa racho nechokwadi rakavimbika Tianwan NPP. Kusvika panguva simba mutengo ndechimwe zvikuru simba renyukireya zvirimwa munyika.

Kuti vabudirire Pamusana yakadaro zvaiita nemhaka yokukosha mhinduro, inova chinokosha renyukireya nesimba chirimwa chirongwa. Chokwadi kuti pakuvaka chechitima anoverengeka anonzi misungo dzateyiwa. nezvikamu Cone serin'i yakagadzirirwa kusunga pokupedzisira. Saka, kana munhu zvichibvira tsaona wakaumbwa zvinhu rokuvaka kugadzirwa ichazadza misungo kuti zvichaita kudzivisa kuparadzwa chivakwa yose.

Humwe urongwa pamwe pakati China uye Russian Federation

Kunobudirira pakapera chirongwa inosimbiswa Contractors Russian mberi pamwe dzakawanda. The nokutumwa munhu kwemajoini nzvimbo vakaguta mativi muna 2007. The chibvumirano chitsva chinopa kuti mamiriro basa kukura, kuvakwa uye nokutumwa wechipiri-kuitira zviumbu (wechipiri uye wechitatu) akanga yakasainwa anenge pakarepo mushure nguva garandi basa Tianwan NPP.

Akaronga kwemajoini kuvaka yasara simba vamapoka simba renyukireya zvinomera mu China. Zvinonzi aronga muhombodo kushanda zviumbu vasere Tianwan simba renyukireya chirimwa, asi nguva chirongwa vachiri kuzivikanwa. Uyewo panguva hurukuro vakakurukura mukana pamwe paivakwa imwe simba chirimwa. Zvivako zvitsva ichavakwa muguta Harbin, iri nechokuchamhembe China.

Nuclear simba dzemapurisa kuti hunovakirwa purojekiti yakadaro

In magadzirirwe dzakachengeteka zvinomera simba renyukireya kuziva zvakawanda anoti. Panguva iyoyo, kuvakwa dzimwe nezvikamu misungo chinhu itsva mhinduro, asi kutoti kunzwisisa chirongwa magadzirirwo uye kuvaka simba zvivako.

Maererano NPP-2006 chirongwa (waenda NPP-91, iro rakavakwa Tianwan NPP) inopa yakakwirira kuchengeteka uye kuvimbika, iri pari kuvaka shanu renyukireya simba miti. Vatatu vavo iri mundima Russian Federation:

• KuBaltic NPP muna Kaliningrad nharaunda;
• Leningrad NPP-2 muna Sosnovy Bor, 68 Km from St. Petersburg;
• Novovoronezh NPP-2 Voronezh.

Vaviri vasara pazviteshi pamusoro 2006 renyukireya kuchengeteka mitemo Makavakwa muna Belarus (Grodno nharaunda) uye India. Wokupedzisira simba renyukireya chirimwa Hakupindirani zvizere gwaro.

Munguva pfupi iri rokuvaka zvikuru simba renyukireya miti shanu:

• muRussia - Seversk NPP dzokuTomsk nharaunda, Kursk NPP-2, Nizhny Novgorod NPP;
• kunze - renyukireya simba chirimwa muTurkey uye Bangladesh.

chizvarwa chitsva simba renyukireya miti kuderedza migumisiro zvinogona netsaona. Kufara kuti kukura uye Implementation chirongwa sezvo zvikuru renyukireya simba chirimwa riri Russian Federation akanga achiparidza munyika.