Kuvaka Bushehr simba renyukireya chirimwa muna Iran

Bushehr simba renyukireya chirimwa - wokutanga uye chete musi zuva maatomu simba yeredhiyo Iran neMiddle rose East, riri pedyo neguta Bushehr. Kuvaka chirongwa kwakaita dzakawanda zvichemo Iran nevamwe inoti, asi panguva renyukireya simba chirimwa chirongwa rave zvapedza uye simba chirimwa pachayo basa.

History chokusika

Foundation ramangwana simba renyukireya chirimwa yakavakwa muna 1975, asi pashure penguva yakati pakuvaka Bushehr simba renyukireya chirimwa yave chando. Chete pashure pemakore makumi mana nematanhatu, izvozvo rakapfuurira.

The Chibvumirano pakuvaka yakanga yakasainwa pakati Iran uye Germany rimwe basa dzesangano Siemens. Zvisinei, pashure pakatanga weU.S. masimba zvirango zvayakatemera Iran, yokumadokero Germany ainyatsotsigira vatsigiri vayo uye nokukurumidza akatendeuka zvose zvakatanga basa pakuvaka chechitima.

Mushure kusaina chibvumirano pamusoro pamwe uye kushandisa simba renyukireya chinangwa chokuunza runyararo pakati Russian Federation uye Iran muna 1992 nokuti rokuvaka kuchaitwa unyanzvi Russian. Iranian Contractors achitsigirwa masayendisiti Russian uye nyanzvi kugadzwa zvikuru vanokwanisa kubvumirwa kugadzirira kuchiteshi kuti yakatanga kufamba muna 2007. Panguva iyoyo pakati chibvumirano chitsva wacho wakasainwa kunyika mbiri, nguva ino ine refu nerubatsiro huni renyukireya simba zvinomera muNovosibirsk. Zvisinei, nokuda kushanda renyukireya simba chirimwa zveupfumi uye enyika matambudziko Bushehr zvakanzi vambomira zvakare.

Pakupedzisira, muna 2009, renyukireya simba chirimwa wanunurwa uye dzakanga dzakatakura zvakafanira kuwanda mafuta uye reactor vakatanga kutarisa yakachengeteka kushanda.

Kushanda Bushehr simba renyukireya chirimwa

Pashure zvisingaverengeki miedzo mukupera muzhizha ra2012 rakasvika wokupedzisira pavaipfuura renyukireya nesimba chirimwa nokutumwa. Ipapo reactor akaiswa pana 100% simba chirongwa mvumo. Asi pakutanga basa chechitima harisi pasina pazvitadzo yaro:

• mitatu pashure pakatanga NPP akanga raizosungirirwa maererano nokurova kuna reactor pombi zvikamu;
• tsaona muna February 2013 matsime kushanda reactor nokuda imwe mhosva iri jenareta turbine, asi June ari Bushehr simba renyukireya chirimwa yave kuvhiyiwa zvakare.

zvichireva NPP

Maererano nenhamba muna 2006, Iran ukapedza kumbonyanya yakawanda magetsi - mabhiriyoni 136,2 KW / h, apo kubudisa mabhiriyoni 170 kilowatt / awa ..

Vazhinji simba kugadzirwa mu Iran (93%) akatakurwa simba chirimwa achimhanya mafuta uye mafuta zvigadzirwa. The yasara 7% - ndiyo nhamba Hydroelectric simba zvinomera. Dzimwe nzira kubudisa magetsi (nzira) sezvo ra2006 munyika vakanga vasipo.

Nokuda kwokushayiwa kukwanisa processing zvigadzirwa mafuta Iran ane kupinza zvisipo simba iri bhuku guru. Chikuru chazvo dambudziko iri raiva 2007, apo nokuda kwokushayiwa vanokwanisa munyika kunyange akatanga akavarambidza pamusoro nerubatsiro peturu kusvikira vanhu. Pari, hurumende mamiriro kwakasimbiswa chirongwa kuwedzera kugadzirwa magetsi, saka sumo basa vanoverengeka simba renyukireya dzakabatana kuchabatsira kugadzirisa chinetso simba shoma kamwe kwenguva dzose.

Vatsigiri uye vavengi simba renyukireya chirimwa kuvaka

Kuzorwa kuvakwa uye nezvekutanga reactor yenyukireya kare aita uye protrude kure Israeri uye United States. The chikuru dzomunhu hurumende venyika idzi kuti Iran haisi zvachose chokwadi pachinhu munyika munharaunda uye anoda kushandisa simba renyukireya zvinangwa zvechiuto. Kunyanya, nokuti pakatanga zvombo zvenyukireya ari kudzivirira zvekutepfenyura ari mamiriro.

Ndakazoona akasimuka chokwadi kuti Iran iri pakutanga kuvakwa haina muzvirongwa yose Convention on Safety Nuclear. Maererano izvi dzinofunga kuti venhau 2000 kazhinji kusimudza nyaya angangovarwisa uto mashandiro pamusoro Iran, mauto United States.

Chechipiri simba chikwata

With pakuvaka Bushehr renyukireya simba chirimwa Russia zvakaratidza pacharo sezvo mutoro Muvaki aine zvizhinji soro-chechetere chokudzidzisa nezvokurara, uyo vakabudirira kushandiswa Western michina yakatengwa pasi akatadza 1975 kuvakwa.

Makwikwi ari renyukireya musika Russia akahwina kuonga yakakwirira zveupfumi zvinhu, kuchengeteka uye rakavimbika michina zvinogadzirisa uye mukana kushanda nechikwereti. Ndivo zvikonzero nei hurumende Iranian anoramba kushanda Russia iri kuvakwa chokutambudzika chairema muti wechipiri.

November 2014 akaona kusaina esungano pakati penyika iri kuvakwa wechipiri reactor mutsetse. Maererano musoro Atomic Energy Organization Iran, Ali Akbar Salehi, kuti reactor itsva achabvumira hurumende kuponesa vanenge 11 emiti yemafuta pagore. Nokuti chikwata rechipiri renyukireya aiva pokutangira muna September 2016.

zuva ano

Kuvaka Bushehr NPP-2 Iran nhasi iri padanho okukura uye kufarirwa ose anodiwa mapepa kuti chirongwa. More ichangopfuura - September 10, 2016 - Construction kwasvika kuvandudza. Zuva iroro, nemhaka pamwe kunyika maviri nheyo nokuda Unit Bushehr simba renyukireya chirimwa wechipiri. Photos kubva chiitiko apararira pose. "Rosatom" atoita pacharo kutanga chirongwa ichi, uyewo wechitatu chairema chirimwa. Kupera musi dzakabudirira chirongwa mapepa - pakutanga kwechirimo 2019. budiriro kunodyira mabhiriyoni 1,78 rubles.

Reactors yakaiswa pamusoro chairema chirimwa rechipiri uye rechitatu vanofanira kutevedza ano kuchengeteka zvinodiwa. Naizvozvo, vagadziri zvakagadzira ano yepamusorosoro zvinomera, izvo kufunga vaunganidza munyika yose yokuvaka ruzivo. Maererano chirongwa achava chinozoiswa makore gumi kuitika mapepa. Wokutanga kanda uye sumo Bushehr simba renyukireya chirimwa-2 raizoitirwa mumatsutso 2024, uye kuedzwa uye nokutumwa pamusoro Bushehr-3 chakarongwa nokuda kwegore 2026-ndipo.

zvinokosha

Renyukireya nhasi kunoita chero nyika hakunei negasi uye mafuta. Plant arege kushatisa zvakatipoteredza, yakaderera mafuta zvinodyiwa uye nokudaro tine mupristi vanokwanisa. The chikuru zvakaipira zvose renyukireya simba miti Migumisiro dzakakomba tsaona, kunyange panguva yavo shoma mukana.

Uyezve, simba renyukireya nhasi hunopa chero nyika iri musimba hurongwa akavimbika, uye simba renyukireya chizvarwa - zvikuru zvakatipoteredza ushamwari muchimiro simba chizvarwa pashure nzira zvinyorwa kushandisa mhepo simba sezvo huni, zuva, uye vamwe. Kugadzirwa magetsi kushandisa simba renyukireya zvinodhura, vachibvumira chero nyika kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo kunobatsira kwazvo. Uyezve, simba kubvumira chero nyika kuponesa mumatanda zviri zviwanikwa zvakadai methane, mafuta uye nevamwe.

Kana Bushehr AER, ari inception wechitatu chezvakaipa hwaro anofanira akaziva ne 2018, uye kwenguva refu mabasa inosanganisira kuvakwa vezvikwata vasere simba renyukireya zvinomera.