Writer Robert Stevenson Biography mabasa

Robert Stevenson - mumwe wevanyori yakakurumbira, iyo kazhinji nezvenzvimbo munyori webhuku - the yokufungidzira "Pfuma Island", kudanana uye kweuduku mabasa. Pasinei neizvi, Stevenson Vakanga vasingabvumirani murume, asi inozivikanwa yokufungidzira wake chaizvoizvo kudzika kupfuura zvingaita.

The simba tsika yenyika iri munyori nezveramangwana

Scot pakuberekwa, Marererwo uye wokuScotland wokuScotland National mweya - Ndivo unhu zvinorondedzera zvakarurama munhu akafanana Robert Louis Stevenson. Biography romunyori kunoratidza kuti wokuScotland tsika uye nhoroondo aiva simba guru pamusoro inotungamirwa Stevenson somunhu. Munyori ramangwana akazvarwa Edinburgh - tsika uye enyika guta guru Scotland.

Madzitateguru chikamu baba romunyori vaiva varimi, millers, kurima gadheni, uye sekuru vake vaiva yakakurumbira injiniya, uyo zvaibatanidzwa pakuvaka mabhiriji, lighthouses uye breakwaters. Stevenson akaramba kubata sekuru, baba vake nehama.

Kuburikidza mai munyori yemberi, akanga ari munhu wekare uye rinozivikanwa hunhu Balfour, dzakaita anokudzwa dzimba muganhu uye sandara chikamu Scotland.

nhoroondo yemhuri, ayo Pedigree, zvakadzika midzi - izvi ndizvo zvinhu ndakanga chaizvo kuziva Robert Stevenson. Biography chinoratidza kuti, chero akanga, nguva dzose akaramba Scot wechokwadi. Kunyange rePolynesia, apo tembiricha kumbobvira anosiya pazasi madhigirii 40, kumba kwake, akavaka hwezuva wokuScotland choto.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Robert Louis Stevenson ndiye chete mwana mumhuri. Pandaiva mwana, akatambura chirwere chakakomba, iyo gare gare aiva simba pamusoro pake kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva. Louis kazhinji fivha, iye yairamba vangakosora, haana kuwana mhepo yakakwana. zvakafanana nhoroondo dzeupenyu All anoratidza tiibhii kana kwazvo matambudziko Árbol. Marwadzo, pallor, simba uye mutete - izvi zvinhu zvose upenyu vakatambura naRobert Stevenson. Photo nomunyori kutakura zvakajeka izvi.

uduku hwake uye vechidiki ari munyori anoyeuka kusingaperi nguva nefivhiri, marwadzo uye kushaya hope. Mukomana akatumwa kuchikoro kwemakore matanhatu, asi nokuda mamiriro ake pakudzidza haana kubudirira. Lewis chikatsiviwa zvikoro zvinoverengeka, private vadzidzisi, achiri akadzidza pachikoro nomukurumbira vana inozivikanwa uye vakapfuma vabereki - Edinburgh Academy. Kuteerera baba vake, akasarudza kuramba mubhizimisi mhuri uye akapinda University of Edinburgh, kwaakanga akadzidza engineering, zvikurukuru pakuvaka lighthouses.

Kufarira mabhuku

Engineering uye kuvakwa lighthouses - ndivo zvinhu anonyatsovafarira Robert Louis Stevenson. Biography rinoratidza kuti nokuzvidira mubasa anobatsira chikamu kudzidza, rakanga akatakurwa ari kuvaka nzvimbo. Chirongwa zvakare unosanganisira achideredza ari sutu nemuGungwa, dzataigona kuongorora pemvura nomunzvimbo dzine matombo kuti vakashanda sehwaro pakuvaka yechiedza.

Kwapera nguva yakati, Lewis akashandisa kuita makwikwi panguva Royal Scottish Society of Sciences, kwaakaratidza nhetembo yake "A mhando itsva kwepfumo chiedza lighthouses," zvinova Akagamuchira sirivha menduru. Kwapera mavhiki maviri ari kukurukura chakakomba naye baba Stevenson anoti anoda kurega mapurani. Baba kwaipesana mabhuku, saka kwakasarudzwa kuti mwanakomana aizova gweta. musiyano wezvinyorwa kwakadaro Louis akaronga. Chekutanga, zviri pamutemo basa basa akamupa yakawanda vakasununguka nguva, uye chepiri yakakurumbira countryman Stevenson, Valter Skott, aivawo gweta, hazvina kumutadzisa pashure kuva yakakurumbira munyori. Lewis akapfuura vose bvunzo uye akapiwa zita gweta, asi zvakanga chete zvinosimbisa chokwadi chokuti chaizvoizvo munyori.

Kutanga mabhuku basa

First munyori Robert Stephenson vakazivisa pachake nemakore gumi namatanhatu. On baba vake rinoreva bhuku duku "Pentland kumukira wakabudiswa. Page nyaya muna 1666 ". Pano muduku munyori akatsanangura gore mazana maviri okuberekwa murimi mudiki kumukira muScotland. basa iri harina kuzivikanwa, asi kare kwaiva rinooneka munyori kufarira munhoroondo rwacho, uyewo chido kuva chinangwa uye yakarurama.

basa guru rokutanga yaiva itsva ne Roberta Stivensona "The Road". Zita nderokufananidzira chaizvo nokuti, pasinei nokuti Stevenson aiva kurwara uye simba, ayo kwehasha zvinokosha uye mupfungwa vakamumanikidza kuti kufamba yakawanda.

rwokutanga

Muna 1876, Stevenson neshamwari dzake vakafamba nenzira igwa achitevedza nzizi uye migero eFrance uye Belgium. Kwavaiendeswa raiva Paris, asi shamwari vakagara kurwizi mumisha, mupfumi munhau. rwendo urwu yaiva kwakabatsira Stevenson. Kumusha, akabva atanga basa iri tsanangudzo rwendo rwake, gare gare akava basa "Rwendo kusvikira mukati menyika yacho" uye akanga ane mwoyo basa rake tevera.

Munyori anozvirondedzera rokufambira chichiitwa, akasiyana-siyana kusetsa uye musoro ezvinhu kwakaitika munguva rwendo, rinotsanangura vanhu, vanhu avo uye tsika. Panguva iyoyo anoita kudaro nokukurumidza uye unobtrusively, vachibvumira muverengi kuti aumbe ake pamusoro zvose. Zvaive munguva rwendo urwu, Robert Stevenson akasangana Fanny Osborne, uyo akazova Fanny Stevenson.

Fanny

With Frances Matilda Osborne Lewis vakasangana rimwe French misha panguva iye Aifarira kupenda. Anenge biographers zvose vanoti musangano uyu rudo pakutanga kuona. Fanny aiva mukuru kupfuura Lewis nemakore gumi, akaroora muruzi, aiva nevana vaviri uye aitarisa oga vafa mwana wake wegotwe. Dzakataura yakawanda, akapedza nguva pamwe chete, uye pashure zvokurambana nguva hwaienzanirana.

Makore mashomanana gare gare, muna 1879, Robert Stevenson tsamba kubva Fanny, zviri izvo inoramba zvisingazivikanwi kuti nhoroondo. Anofungidzirwa iye akanga achitaura pamusoro chirwere chakakomba. Lewis ezvinhu panguva iyoyo yakanga yakaoma: mazhinji chirwere, zvinetso zvemari, muchikakavadzana baba vake, maererano shamwari, uyo akati Fanny akaroora mukadzi. izvi zvose hazvina kumisa Lewis. Iye akakurumidza akapora uye akanga achienda America, uko panguva iyoyo vaigara Fanny. Rwendo rwakanga rwakareba uye zvakaoma.

Asvika America, akaenda refu mubvakure chitima kubva New York kuenda kuSan Francisco. Asi Fanny akanga asipo, akatamira muMonterrey. Lewis akaenda inotevera rwendo. Iye mumwe akakwira bhiza. Neimwe nzira ezvinhu wake kwazvo dzakaderera uye ndafenda. Ndakawana kwaari munharaunda muvhimi ane mabheya, Akamwa Lewis akaramba vava kuda upenyu norufu kwemazuva anoverengeka. Kuva akawana simba, Stevenson achiri yakasvika Fanny.

Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi zvose zvaakasangana nazvo, muna 1880, Stevenson akaroora Fanny Osbourne uye akadzokera kumba wake, vana vake uye ruzivo rukuru, ruzivo uye upenyu ruzivo. Fanny nevana vake akaperekedza Stevenson ari parwendo rwake uye akanga anaye kusvikira mazuva ake okupedzisira.

Mufambi mhando basa Stevenson

Rwendo anotora rakakura basa romunyori basa. nyaya iyi yakanga isina mutsva mabhuku, asi vamwe vanyori taona gamba-mufambi haisi nzira kwayo kunoonekwa Robert Stevenson. munyori basa tsanangura mufambi anozviita musoro uye pfachura. mufambi uyu kazhinji emhizha kana munyori. Iye haatsvaki zvakunotibatsira, waives mibayiro kana kuti dzimwe ropafadzo.

Travel essays Stevenson akatanga conventionally. Vatariri anofananidzwa diki uye nyore mumamiriro, panguva iyo inozivisa idiocy yevanhu-mugari. Gare gare pfungwa iyi ake basa akashandiswa, uye vamwe inonyatsozivikanwa vanyori, kusanganisira K. Jerome.

The ruzivo runowanikwa pakutanga kwaizotevera kufamba, akavhiringidza mabhuku basa munyori, kusanganisira basa rake dzakakurumbira - the yokufungidzira "Pfuma Island".

"Treasure Island"

"Island Pfuma" zvechokwadi yakakurumbira yokufungidzira Roberta Lyuisa Stevenson. Achiri konekwa basa rakadhindwa muna yakakurumbira vana magazini pasi rekunyepedzera, asi haana kuuya mukurumbira. Uyezve, kunaka uye kunyange dzinoronga mhinduro kazhinji akasvika wedzero hofisi. Sezvo bhuku, uye zita chairo munyori yokufungidzira rakabuda papera gore. nguva ino iri yokufungidzira rakanga rakabudirira.

Kunyange zvazvo nganonyorwa ane zvakarurama nyore zano uye zano sezvo chero uchinzvera yokufungidzira, rine nguva voltage. Zvizere pamusoro munyori pave haisi rondedzero yakatodzama ezvinhu ose, uye vakawanda chokurondedzera fomu. Stevenson anoita vakashandisa chaizvo nhaurirano, izvo zvinoita kuti nyaya zvikuru basa uye kunoshamisa kutarira.

Pasinei nokuti yokufungidzira anoonekwa kuti rouduku uye kudanana, inobva nyaya dzakakomba uye nyaya. Zvikurukuru, tiri kutaura nezvedambudziko musiyano vatambi, zviitiko zvemweya uye pamusoro nebope pakati zvakanaka uye zvakaipa.

"Vakatukwa Janet"

Ake kufarira mweya uye mweya womunhu, Robert Louis Stevenson rinosanganisa basa "Vakatukwa Janet '. Munyaya iyi, munyori akasarudza nokubatanidza chaiye uye naka, uye kureva kuti kwagara zvinodhura - Scottish tsika uye motifs. Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvinobikwa zviduku, zviri kwazvo munyori vakakwanisa kuratidza mweya womunhu, kutya uye kunetseka.

Nokuda peculiarities chokurondedzera kuumba munyori akakwanisa kuita kuitira kuti zvose chaiyo munyaya sokuti naka, asi zvose tarenda - chaiye. Panyaya iyi, nyaya pachakwo musoro chaizvo uye tendeka. Dambudziko akava mupfungwa zviitiko mubereko kuti munyori, iye anoramba pachena mberi, kunyanya yakakurumbira nyaya "The Strange Nyaya Dr Jekyll uye Mr Hyde".

"Strange Nyaya Dr Jekyll uye Mr Hyde"

The riwedzere nokuti Pakunyora yokufungidzira yakanga kuziva Stevenson kuti pamwe Dostoevsky kuti yokufungidzira "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa", dzakanga nenzira itsva nenzira dambudziko tsika dzevanhu uye tsika. gamba nyaya - akangwara, yokuremekedza, vanoremekedzwa Dr. Jekyll - Nemhaka vakundikana kuedza rinotsemuka unhu hwake uye anoita chiedza chavo ndakashata uye zvakaipa mapatya Mr Hyde.

Stevenson anosimudza nyaya chinangwa choupenyu, dambudziko rusununguko, vakatsaurwa, womukati kuranga uye nenyama. Nyaya yakanyorwa muchimiro usina kutarisirwa Stevenson, uye akaita zvayo rinofadza.

The nganonyorwa "Tenzi Ballantrae"

basa iri Lewis ndomumwe yakaipisisa, asi ichi ndimo Stevenson paakasvika pamusoro zvavo unyanzvi. Zvinonzi mune yokufungidzira ichi, iye zvikabatanidzwa vaviri rinokosha yemisoro basa rake; pavanotaurirana pakati zvakanaka uye zvakaipa uye kuteterera kuna wokuScotland tsika uye nhoroondo. Munguva yokufungidzira, iye rinotsanangura hama mbiri, ane vatambi vari inonyatsoenzanisira rinosanganisa matambudziko aya. Midzi matambudziko aya ari munyori akanga achiedza kuwana dzakadzama, kutangira kubva National hunhu uye ndokuguma pamwe Puritanism yacho.

Robert Stevenson - yokukosha munyori ndiani mukurumbira imhaka kwete chete nemabasa avo, asi Biography yake. Vaverengi vanokwezvwa nokururama hunhu hwake, ushingi, uye mutambo wematambudziko.