Yehondo "Mikasa": womuenzaniso, photo, chirongwa kupima, kukuvara, apo?

Nhasi zvakaoma kuwana munhu anoziva pamusoro Russian-Japanese War chinhu. Zvisinei, vamwe vaguely rangarirai blockade Port Arthur, asi ruzivo urwu kazhinji kuguma.

Uye pasina, nekuti hondo kuti - rinokosha rinokosha wenyika yedu, mumwe mukuru zvinokonzera October Revolution, sezvo mukufamba ruvengo zvakajeka kuona kana kutadza wamambo uye hurumende kuti vanyatsokwanisa kuongorora kwokunze uye dzimwe kutyisidzira, kutora matanho wavo mangwanani kubviswa.

Mumwe zviratidzo pavanotaurirana akava (pamwe Japanese divi) yehondo "Mikasa". Japanese achiri kudada chikepe ichi, iye iye anoita somunhu zvinoyangarara miziyamu.

tsananguro

Panguva kuvakwa kwaiita chigadzirwe akava kupfuura simba uye dzakakomba zvombo chigadzirwe Mare zuva, mumwe zvikepe kupfuura nguva. Akanga vanobatanidzwa, sezvo flagship pamusoro Admiral Togo, iri hondo pakati Russia uye Japan. Aiitawo Port Arthur zviitiko zviri Tsushima Battle. Panguva World Vokutanga anochengetedza kumhenderekedzo Japan. Now yehondo "Mikasa" - mumwe miziyamu yaiva chengarava Yokosuka.

Nokuti rakanga rashandiswa?

Muna 1895, apo Japan akakunda agrarian uye shure China, chakanga chisingatarisirwi zvachose nokuti nyika munharaunda chiitiko. Zvichakadai, vokuJapan vachiri hariguti yavo Imperial vavariro, uye kukosha yava muchinangwa nyika yedu. Under kumanikidzwa kubva Russian Empire, vaifanira kurega kuuya kodzero yavo muManchuria, sezvo vaifanira kuita chokunyengetera. "kuda akanaka", zvichipa kare atora Lushun (Port Arthur). Izvi zvakanga kukonzerwa chokuti iri Chefoo ipapo aiva dzechikwata Russian, izvo kukurukura vokuJapan ndisingadi.

Zvisinei, hurumende Japanese vakaziva kuti vachiri kurwa Russia, uye kukunda, kufungisisa zvinhu zvakawanda tsvagai yemitambo kuhondo remapazi achavaponesa kubudirira kushanda zvikepe (uyewo Kuwanikwa). Muna 1895, Japan akatora shipbuilding chirongwa kwemakore 10, anopa kuvaka hombe uye ano rengarava kurwa.

kuvaka

Sezvo vakawanda Japanese shipyard panguva iyoyo haana kugutsa zvinodiwa modernity, ari yehondo "Mikasa" yakavakwa muna UK. Anokonzera magadzirirwo ane Chirungu injiniya Makrou D. S. kuti chinhu chitsva, haana wekuvamba, asi kungoti yakavakirwa zvakanaka nekusimba British battleships kirasi yake "Canopus". "Muzukuru" ake uye ndiye "Mikasa". Yehondo iri kukodzera "akatsiva mutsa", kuchipedza mativi ose akanaka uye akaipa pamusoro Chirungu chirongwa.

Bookmark chikepe kwave kuitwa Barrow shipyard kambani Vickers (ramangwana tangi mugadziri). Zvino 24.01.1899 gore. Mvura ramangwana flagship pamusoro Japanese rengarava kwakatangwa 11.08.1900 gore. In mashandiro wakatangwa, ari 01/03/1902. Pakazosvika nguva, isu tave kuvakwa zvakazara zvose nhanho ehurumende nemiedzo. Mari chirongwa hapana mashoko zvakarurama, asi kare vanodavira kuti zvakanga mapaundi miriyoni, iyo panguva iyoyo iri "dhora nerokuti" akaenzana mamiriyoni mana.

dzimba unhu

No yakasiyana navamwe midziyo akavaka mumakore 1895-1896, kuti yehondo "Mikasa" kwava mumiririri chaiwo chikepe-kuchikoro Sir William Genri Uayta.

Housing vakaungana kubva simbi shipbuilding shoma, nyika ino chichakusunungurai muviri mapuranga - transverse. chikepe Single-uriri rakavakwa zano, nasal blockage mapuranga chaiva duku, asi panguva imwe chete blockage amidships uye aft siyana kuratidzwa. Inside nyaya inokosha risingapindi mvura partitions kunge vakaronga, kuburikidza iyo chikepe yakakamurwa kupinda nezvikamu zviduku zvakawanda. Vakapa mamwe kugadzikana kuti mudziyo kuonana torpedoes.

A Zvinoitwa armadillo vaiona miviri pamapuranga uye kaviri pasi. The yakawedzera dzokurwa rukoko vanomutsirwa pamwero bronepaluby. Wechipiri runoratidza uta chikepe nhokwe, iyo aifanira ave gondohwe kurova. Uyezve, armadillo "Mikasa" (Photo kwayo vanoonekwa vari acho) aiva raidudzwa risina yokumusoro achipfeka. Lateral keels vakanga chinangwa kudzikamisa chikepe panguva akaukanda.

Kuzvikudza weBritish Vavaki vengarava yaiva chikamu Hartman Rahtien, anofukidza pasi pemvura Hull. Rinovatadzisa uchisvibisa anoshongwa uye nani Pataidzokera imba yakanaka, kuderedza zvuva pamusoro mvura mvura.

Magadzirirwo muviri chombo

Rushoma misha muviri - matani anopfuura 15. Full misha - matani 16. Kunonyanyisa Length - 132 metres, pakati perpendiculars - 122 metres. Avhareji upamhi muviri - 24 metres, paavhareji udzamu - mamita masere.

Yehondo "Mikasa" zvakasiyana nevamwe zvikepe yakavakwa Japan, chokwadi kuti akanga mukaha duku zvikuru pakati Barbet 305-mm pfuti. Izvi zvakaguma chitsidzo, asi panguva imwe chete, zvakadai chisarudzo magadzirirwo zvakaita zvisingabviri kuti kugadzwa 152-mm pfuti casemates chete. Uye nokuti vagadziri aifanira kugadzirisa asiri chiduku dambudziko pamwe placement kwechikepe matatu warrior mabhandi. Kukwirira huru dzokurwa bhandi - anenge 2.5 M pamusoro waterline payo akasimuka vangasvika 70 cm.

Munzvimbo epakati chikamu Ukobvu dzokurwa yakasvika 229 neMM, asi pasi pemvura iri zvishoma nezvishoma wakaderedzwa kusvika 127 mm. Pamwe micheto wenhare zvombo akanga wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, kusvikira 178 neMM, uye pamusoro dzokurwa kuyambuka zvachose yakasvika 102-127 mm. Zvinonzi zvakanakisisa akadzivirira nzvimbo wenhare pachayo. Sezvo akatora mukuru bronepoyas, vagadziri vakakwanisa kudzivirira 152-mm rayo dzokurwa.

Zvayakaita akanga kunyanya kukosha rechitatu dzokurwa bhandi iyo kunosvika kumusoro rokumusoro achipfeka. Chikuru basa raiva kudzivirira mabhatiri-padiki matanhatu pfuti. Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti vamwe akagadzira zvisarudzo vaisabvumirwa kuisa 152-mm pfuti casemates chete, asi hazvina chokuita pfuti zvina yokumusoro achipfeka. Vakanga kudzivirirwa 152 mm uye kunze dzokurwa 51 mm - kubva mukati.

Zvimwe zvikamu kuchengetedza

Kupfuura vose vanodzivirirwa barabety chikuru moto uye warships kabhini - 356 mm dzokurwa. Mabhii barabetam chikamu wenhare havana uyewo warrior - "chete" 203 mm kuti simbi. Sezvo kuyambuka yokumusoro uriri adjoined kuti zvinomera achishandisa ndaisagona yorusvingo, vagadziri vadzivirirei zvombo ndiro Ukobvu 152 mm chete. Izvozvo zvakakwana kukurira ruzha uye panguva imwecheteyo, hwezvekukurukurirana magadzirirwo muchikepe.

All Pfuti Fitting marozari zvaiyananiswa anodzivirira machira ane Ukobvu 254 mm (huma). Mativi uye denga vanodzivirirwa zvishoma kuipa - 203 mm. Upper uriri yanyatsosimba machira ane 25 mm. Lower uriri (pfuti mukati wenhare) aiva Ukobvu 51 mm (naro bevels pamusoro nhamba yakanga 76 mm). Nice kudzivirirwa uye turtleback, rakanga akaenzana bhuku 76 mm.

Uyewo, mainjiniya zvakapa kudzivirirwa conning shongwe wakanaka, umo maiva chikuru motokari kudzora mano (kureva, kubva mudhiraivho, maintercom kutaura mauto mbiru dzose). Nokuti taishandisa chaiyo Krupp zvombo izvo ukobvu akanga 356 neMM, ari aft kabhini (ndiye akataurwa) akadzivirirwa mwero, pane dzokurwa ndiro aiva Ukobvu 76 mm.

Kazhinji, kuti yehondo "Mikasa", ane muenzaniso yakazokudziridzwa chakanakisisa Chirungu injiniya, aiva wokutanga Japanese zvikepe, yaishandiswa kudzivirira hwendarira kugadzirwa nevanhu Krupp nzira. Before Harvey zvombo raishandiswa, ane kuzvidzivirira kwave kuderedzwa 16-20%. Nenzira, izere kurema nadzo pamusoro "Mikasa" zvasvika matani 4091 (anenge 30% of zvachose tonnage chikepe).

The propulsion Tsika muchikepe

maviri-mugodhi zano yaishandiswa kuvaka. The "mwoyo" muareka vaiva-humburumbira matatu chiutsi injini kugadzirwa ne "Vickers". A Zvinoitwa mashandiro uyu simba kushandiswa "kuwedzera katatu" peya, nokudaro unogona kuponesa mafuta uye kuti vabudirire vaifanira zvakawanda okufamba rimwe zvekupfakira. The pisitoni Kurohwa yakanga vanopfuura mumwe mita!

mugodhi nokukurumidza muna rwendo run muoti rinosvika 125 Zvak / min. Yaishandiswa vaunze hwemvura bhaira 25 Belleville, kukunda kunonyanyisa mhute nevezera 21 makirogiramu / cm². Sezvo injini mukamuri pacharo, zvinoriumba dzavo kugadzirwa ne "Vickers".

The zvachose pose bhaira rinosvika 3.5 zviuru m. ^2, zvinonyatsorehwa kukura grates yakasvika 118,54 mamita ^2. The dhayamita of chimneys mbiri kupfuura mamita mana! The akagadzira inokwana nerimwe simba chirimwa akaenzana 16 000 l / s, izvo akabvumira kusvika cruising kumhanya 18 nokusunungura mapfundo. Chokwadi, chete kana asina kumbopfeka-kunze michina uye zvigadziriswe nenguva basa. Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna mainjiniya hwindimiri chakaitwa nendarira manganese.

Kunokubatsira kuona sei rakavakwa chigadzirwe Mikasa, chikepe vanodhirowa, izvo uchawana pamusoro mapeji mapepa ichi.

chinotsva mumatanda

Coal kwakachengetwa mungarava iri hoppers makuru maviri pakukoka achitevedza mukomberedzo vaviri mapuranga akaronga akaererana muchina mukamuri. Uye kukwirira kwavo kwakanga kwakadaro kuti kwematangi vane zvishoma wamazimbe akasimuka pamusoro huru uriri: zvakanga zvaitwa pasi chinangwa, kudzivirira nani. Kazhinji, mubhazi akapomera matani 700 kubva marasha, ayo kunonyanyisa hunde yaiva 1.5 zviuru. Matani.

Pamusangano nokumhanya nokusunungura mapfundo gumi chikepe aigona kukurira 4,600 mamaira nautical panguva cruising kumhanya (16 change), kufadza daro yaiva 1900 nautical mamaira. Nokufamba wehurumende yokuedzwa chikwata akakwanisa "raskochegarit" chikepe kusvika 16.5 zviuru. L / s nhoroondo kumhanya 18,45 nokusunungura mapfundo.

General seaworthy Unhu flagship vaiva tsvarakadenga yakanaka, asi runako simba mufaro chikepe vaiwanzoti "vachiviga" sefungu. KUNORWADZA kurasikirwa nokukurumidza unhu. Mukuwedzera, chikwata aisagona kushandisa pamusoro-bhodhi atirari zvombo.

Other avionics

On bhodhi paiva matatu hwemvura jenareta kuti aigona kugadzira zvakananga kuitika voltage 80 V, avo zvachose kukwanisa yakasvika 144 KW. Mumazuva iwayo yaiva yakanaka kwazvo unongotaura.

On bhodhi tiri vatatu Martin anova chinotsigisa yave iiswe. Uyezve, kuti zviite tactical kurwisana club ruzivo vakashumira Spotlights matanhatu. Muchiitiko chino, vaviri riri pamusoro Mars, uye mana - kumashure uye uta zambuko.

Kuti vave nechokwadi yakavimbika kubatana flagship, Japan (uyewo zvose zvapfuura kacho) chibvumirano ne Italian kambani "Marconi". Radio kanyanga akatambanudza pakati repamberi uye mainsail rechikepe. Communication siyana kushaisa vanenge 180 nautical mamaira.

Nokuti kununura vashandi panguva torpedoing inopiwa akayangarara zvinoreva 15 inosiyana.

Combat chikumbiro, Port Arthur

08/02/1904 (New Style - January 26) yehondo "Mikasa" vakauya chitsuwa kumativi ari pedyo napedyo kuna Port Arthur. Nenguva shanu o'clock manheru yakanga iri flagship rechikepe petsanga vakanga akaratidza, zviri izvo verenga: "Enda pane kurwisa uri pre-akasarudzwa urongwa. rombo rakanaka. " Repfumbamwe February "Mikasa" (mu dzechikwata kuti battleships sere) ainanga Port Arthur uye rakabata Russian rengarava.

At 11 zvinonzi kuzarurwa moto mukuru moto, uye ngarava yedu vari chinhambwe 46,5 waya kuti urefu kwaari. A masekondi mashoma flagship rinotsigirwa moto asara zvikepe vokuJapan, nokukurumidza pashure pacho akatanga kurova ironclads Russian uye pamahombekombe mabhatiri.

Nechekare nenguva 11.16 zvakanzi hwakanyorwa zvakananga raparadza mu "Mikasa" 254-mm projectile. Zvakaguma kuvadza mainsail uye kuparadzwa (kukwana) aft yacho zambuko. Kukuvara vanhu vanomwe. Maminitsi mashomanana gare gare - zvakare rova, uye ipapo yakarova mainmast. Kanenge katatu kubudikidza shrapnel zvakabvaruka kurwa mureza, izvo zvinenge pakarepo akarembera panzvimbo. At 11,45 Admiral Togo, iyo chigadzirwe mutungamiri, akarayira dzechikwata kuti shure.

Panguva iyoyo, mashoko yehondo "Mikasa" kukuvadza izvo hadzibudisi zvakananga kutyisidzira, zvinogona kuramba kurwa. Togo akatora zvikepe kubva Chikwata romumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhatiri moto projectiles iyo, kunyange pashure rimwe raparadza, zvinogona kutumira chikepe kusvika pasi.

Pazuva iroro, chero kubudirira zvinovaka haina pamwe chero panhivi pakurwa. In ramangwana uye "Mikasa" kunyanya zvinokosha mabasa asina kuita, asi chikepe chake vakakwanisa wangu kakati zvikuru kukuvadza vamwe battleships Russian.

Tsushima

Pakazosvika chitubu 1905 chigadzirwe Mikasa yakakurumbira yakadzorerwa pashure hondo. Akapiwa zvakaitika yapfuura hondo, eJapan mukuru murayiro akarayira kuti yekudyidzana kuwedzera zvombo mundege. Uye aida chaizvo Japanese musi May 14 mumaminitsi 13.10, apo Hondo Tsushima.

Hondo rwakatora kupfuura zuva. Panguva ino, Japan yehondo "Mikasa" vakagamuchira anenge 40 Hits (uye ndiko - chete chinonyanya kukosha). Vazhinji vavo vari 305-mm anoshongwa. Most akatendeuka rombo rakaipa rechitatu casements 152 mm kanoni. denga rayo ane 305-mm Russian nevamwe. Somugumisiro, vakauraya mapfumbamwe vanhu. Ngarava iri rombo rakanaka chaizvo kuti haana detonated zvombo.

Mushure maawa maviri panzvimbo imwe (!) Kwaiva 152 mm projectile. nguva ino kuuraya vamwe vezvikepe vaviri, asi kuputika sezvo muzvirevo mhosva, nokuda kufara sezvineiwo, akarambwa. Other zvakakanganiswa kuti napanobudiwa napo anoverengeka kwepfuti kubva chiito, vari vaviri vomunzvimbo vakatanga kupararira ngozi muviri dzokurwa kwamahwendefa.

Asi rinokanganisa riri pamusoro kupaka waSeptember 11 uri muzasi pa Sasebo. Uye achiri asina kusimbiswa zvikonzero nokuti izvo detonated dzakawanda pamusoro-bhodhi zvombo. Yehondo "Mikasa" (ine mufananidzo munyaya) ndokukurumidza kuenda pasi. It akaponesa ake udzamu zviduku, asi kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, chete wechina kuedza kupora kuri kubudirira. Pakarepo akauraya 256 vafambisi vengarava, zvakawanda 343 vanhu vakakuvadzwa, uye zvadaro afa.

A neburi kukuru bhodhi akavhara, uye pashure pemwedzi 11 chikepe akanga adzoka panhengo. Zvisinei, zvakatora mamwe makore maviri chokupedzisira liquidation pakati nemigumisiro nokukuvadzwa. Panguva World War First ngarava yakanga achifamba-famba mhenderekedzo Japan, muchirongwa kupindira, akanga yakanyura Bay kweVladivostok.

Pakupedzisira, kubva Navy chikepe akadzingwa muna 1923. Panzira, munhu uye achiri kuona chikepe "Mikasa" (yehondo). Aripiko chikepe ichi zvino? Iye anomira Yokosuka.

Sezvineiwo, muitiro tishandurwe kuva miziyamu chigadzirwe pachayo akapa mainjiniya yakawanda nematambudziko. Chokutanga, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuchera kubva chihombe yakaoma dhoku, muzadze mvura ... uye kuti mudziyo wopedza zvachose dhoku. The chikepe achiri amire, midzi panzvimbo pamusoro waterline, sokunge zvakakwana vakagadzirira zvitsva pamushandirapamwe.

mufananidzo wake zvinowanzoshandiswa unyanzvi. Saka, kuti vabayire iwe munhu yehondo "Mikasa" pepa zvaunokwanisa anenge ose chirangaridzo chitoro. Mukuwedzera, chikepe anogona kuonekwa dzakawanda mitambo yemavhidhiyo, chinowanzoonekwa vanotaurwa mabhuku.

pachinzvimbo kupera

Saka, zvakadini mhanza aiva chigadzirwe Mikasa? The muenzaniso ine mavambo Chirungu, asi chizvarwa ichi Albion pavaiva zvinoshamisa dzakashandisa Japanese kwezvakatipoteredza.

Sezvineiwo, kwakanga England Chokwadi, akabatsirwa kubva kuvakwa muchikepe. Chekutanga, nyika nomukana atore basa iri shipyards. Chepiri (asi kwete wevadukusa), zvinenge zvose "chokuita zvigadzirwa" sezvinoita gunpowder Japanese vo nevaitenga UK.

Asi zvikuru kukosha kwaiva tsika: Nyanzvi British kwazvo kudzidza kubudirira vokuJapan Russian-Japanese War, vafunga, kuti Zvaifungidzirwa, uchisarudza nzira yakanakisisa modernize rengarava kwayo. Uye - pasina kubatana pakurwa!

zvakanaka Just sei aiva yehondo "Mikasa"? Project Kukoshesa zvakakwirira zvikuru. Nyanzvi dzinoti zvakanaka bhuku uye kunyange kwedzimba, zvombo zvakanaka, yokuisvonaka midziyo muchikepe. Unhu dzokurwa hwendarira zvikurukuru chaizvo: kana kwete zvivako zvayo, ipapo muna 1905, ngarava zvimwe aisazorarama yakananga kwakafanorongwa makumi mana.

Uyezve, armadillo "Mikasa" (nhamba ngaadarowo) aiva anoyevedza yetsiva survivability. Rakanga kubudirira kuburikidza pfungwa urongwa risingapindi mvura nezvikamu.

Uye ndeapi zvinokanganiswa racho? Vaivawo zhinji. Chokutanga, isu kare akanongedza muchikepe muitiro "vachiviga" kunyange panguva yakaderera wave. Chechipiri, Japan Admiral pakutanga aida ngarava ine cruising kumhanya 25 nokusunungura mapfundo, asi kutaura zvazviri, ari chigadzirwe aigona chete mhanyisa kusvika 18 nokusunungura mapfundo.

Zvisinei, izvi zvakanga pezvisingakoshi. In tsika, ndokudzokera kuti chete chinokosha drawback aiva zvombo diki. Uyewo, mainjiniya akawana kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti hunde dzacho kwepfuti huru nomoto.