Brest-Litovsk

Pakuguma Brest rugare kwaiva wechitatu March 1918. chibvumirano varimo vaiva sezvinotevera: Russia - parutivi wokutanga, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria uye Turkey - wechipiri. Kuvhiringidzwa yorugare ichi chibvumirano chakanga pfupi. It kwakatora zvishoma kupfuura mwedzi mipfumbamwe.

Zvakatanga yokutanga kwakadzama muna Brest, apo vamiririri Russian Bolsheviks vaiva LB Kamenev uye Yoffe AA uye Mstislavsky SD, LM Karahan At yapera pamberi kusiya guta rino muganhu, kwakasarudzwa kuti zvakakodzera kutora chikamu kwevanhu. Kwakadaro vashandi simbi murwi, vezvikepe uye murimi ane vakakwezvwa kufamba guru. Chokwadi, maonero boka iri panguva Nhaurirano haina vaiona uye kwete kungova anonzwa.

Panguva hurukuro, yakanga yakawanikwa ndechokuti kurutivi German, kuwedzera kusaina yorugare, anoda mhedziso yayo pasina annexations uye indemnities, uyewo anoda kuti Russia kodzero marudzi yokuzvitonga, saka vachironga kuti pasi pesimba rayo Ukraine uye Russian reBaltic. Zvakava pachena kuti Russia anogona kurasikirwa kuna Lithuania, Latvia, Poland uye nharaunda yacho eCaucasus.

The kusaina of Brest rugare kwakanga chete kwenguva pfupi chibvumirano mukurwa. Lenin, Trotsky uye Sverdlov vakanga kunetseka kuti panyaya kana zvinhu zviri kurutivi German ivo akabviswa kuti hurumende, sezvo vakawanda Bolsheviks haana kubvumirana mutemo Vladimir Ulyanov.

Muna January 1918 muna Brest rakaitwa padariro wechipiri Nhaurirano. The nhume yakanga inotungamirwa Trotsky pasina kuvapo vamiririri vanhu. Mukuru pakuita kumativi ichi vaiva Ukrainian nhume, chikuru chinodiwa iro patsanura kubva rweAustro-Hungary nyika Bukovina uye Galicia. Panguva iyo Ukrainian divi havana kuda kuziva Russian nhume. Saka, Russia chakarasikirwa yakabatana muUkraine. Nokuti Germany, ekupedzisira vaizobatsirwa achiisa pamusoro munharaunda yayo vakawanda dzokuchengetera nezvombo uye yunifomu dzechiuto. Brest rugare, nokuti hazvibviri kuti tisvike yavaibvumirana, yakaguma chinhu, uye haana chasainwa.

The danho wechitatu Nhaurirano, umo mumiririri Russian nhume Trotsky Akaramba ayeuke vamiririri Ukraine.

Third March 1918 Brest runyararo yakanga yakasainwa. chibvumirano ichi pamusana Kurambwa wokuRussia Poland, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, muCrimea, Ukraine, uye Caucasus. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ndisunungure hudyu zvikepe uye wakabudiswa muna Germany, akanga zvavakatemwa nomupiro kukura mavanga goridhe mabhiriyoni matanhatu, uyewo bhiriyoni imwe mavanga nokuda kukuvadza zvizvarwa German, vakatambudzika mukufamba chimurenga. Austria-Hungary uye Germany akasimuka dzokuchengetera nezvombo uye zvombo. Brest runyararo uyewo zvinoisa Russian kuzvipira kuti mubve mauto ayo kubva mundima idzi. nzvimbo yavo rakatorwa mauto eGermany zvombo. Okuwedzera Agreement kuti runyararo chibvumirano iroro upfumi ezvinhu Germany muna Russia. Saka, vagari German akazvipiwa kodzero kuita bhizimisi Russia, pasinei kupfuura izvozvo chirongwa nationalization.

Brest rugare ichadzorerwa tariffs, pamwe Germany, yakatangwa 1904. Nokuda asiri kuziva Bolshevik tsarist zvikwereti Russia pasi Agreement ichi kwave kumanikidzwa kusimbisa kwavari munyika dzakadai Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey uye Germany uye vanotanga kubhadhara zvikwereti izvi.

Countries dzakanga chikamu chidhina Entente, haana vafadzwe Brest runyararo, uye mukati March 1918 akazivisa ayo asiri kuzivikanwa.

Muna November 1918, Germany zvasiya runyararo chibvumirano. Mazuva maviri gare gare, zvichiteverwa kukanzura wayo Central Executive Committee. Kwapera chinguva, mauto eGermany akatanga kusiya yaimbova ndima Russian.