Gun "Dora" - chombo Hondo Yenyika II: tsananguro

Makore matatu asati nokutambudzika Second World War, Hitler akarayiridza hanya "Krupp" Kugadzirwa inorema-basa kumberi chombo inokwanisa punching kongiri masvingo kuti mamita manomwe gobvu uye tsoka dzake dzokurwa. Chirongwa ichi chinoitwa rinorema basa pfuti "Dora", anonzi pashure mudzimai wayo mukuru wakachenjera Erich Mukanova.

The mimwe superheavy pfuti okutanga

Pakazosvika nguva Führer akauya ane chinzvimbo pfungwa, indasitiri German akava kare Zvakaitika kugadzirwa atirari omugungwa. Panoperera World War First, Paris rakanga shelled bhatiri, zvinosanganisira matatu super-inorema pfuti "huru" hurongwa. Hunde dzacho idzi zvikara akanga millimeters mazana maviri namakumi manomwe caliber uye akatuma anoshongwa dzavo pamusoro chinhambwe zana makiromita, izvo pamazuva iwayo kwainzi mukurumbira.

Zvisinei, dzemaitirwe kwakanga kwakonzerwa guru French bhatiri ichi akaratidza kuti kushanda kwayo chaiye kunyora nezvavo. Kana asina kumberi aiva pasi nemazvo zvombo vouta, uye moto wavo vasingagoni kongiri zvinhu, asi chete nzvimbo yakakura.

chiduku chikamu anoshongwa chete akawira panguva imwe chete ari chokugara musha kana zvimwe zvivako. The pfuti akanga akatasva njanji platforms, uye kushumira mumwe nomumwe wavo aifanira vanhu vanenge makumi masere. Kufunga kunze kwavo kudhura, zvinoita sokuti vavo mari zvikuru kupfuura kukuvara kuti vakakwanisa konzera.

Nenyadzi Chibvumirano Versailles

Pashure pehondo, Chibvumirano Versailles ezvinhu, pakati pezvimwe kurambidzwa, akatanga muGermany kurambidza pagadzirwe zviridzwa, pamusoro caliber iyo kuchakunda millimeters zana namakumi mashanu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero utungamiriri Third Reich yaiva nhau nomukurumbira, tsika nyaya mumhuri dzenyu chibvumirano, kusika pfuti kuti aigona kushamisa nyika. Somugumisiro, paiva "Dora" - chombo kutsiva uschemlonnuyu kudada nenyika.

Kutanga chikara atirari

Basa kusikwa chirongwa uye kugadzirwa chikara ichi akatora makore mashanu. Super-rinorema njanji pfuti "Dora" nokuda kwayo hwokugadzira parameters nani fungidziro uye pfungwa. Pasinei chokwadi kuti akasunungurwa kubva projectile caliber mazana masere namatatu millimeters akabhururuka makiromita mashanu chete, akakwanisa kupaza mamita manomwe Akazadzisa kongiri, mutinhimira dzokurwa dzokurwa tridtsatimetrovoy ukobvu.

Matambudziko chokuita nokushandiswa kwepfuti

Asi izvi, chokwadi, mukuru kuita anorasikirwa zvarinoreva kana ukafunga kuti pfuti pamwe yakaderera chaizvo zvakarurama moto zvaida zvechokwadi pamwero mukuru kuvariritira uye uchishandisa mari. It inozivikanwa Somuenzaniso, kuti nzvimbo yaigarwa njanji pfuti "Dora" haidereri pane makiromita mana nehafu. Akanunura chokugadza yose muzvikamu, uye ungano yacho vakatora kusvika vhiki nhanhatu, izvo zvaida maviri 110-tani kondo.

Combat kukarukureta dzokurwa kwaisanganisira vanhu mazana mashanu, asi mumwe kupfuura kuti, vakanga seconded kurinda rechiuto uye zvifambiso rechiuto. Nokuti senga kuti zvombo dzinobatanidzwa maviri nezvitima uye mumwe simba chitima. Kazhinji, mudonzvo zvakakodzera kwerunyararo mumwe pfuti yakadaro aiva hafu chiuru vanhu. Kudyisa vanhu vakawanda kudaro, paiva munda bhekari. Kubva ichi zvose zviri pachena kuti "Dora" - chombo kuti zvinoda kuti huchishanda incredible mari.

The kuedza kutanga kushandisa midziyo

Kokutanga mwana wavo mutsva vokuGermany vakaedza kushandisa pamusoro yeBritain nokuda kuparadzwa pakati masvingo, chakavakwa navo Gibraltar. Asi kamwe paiva nechinetso zvokufambisa nomunharaunda kweSpain. Munyika ichiri kushushikana yevagari, zvakanga zvisina kukodzera kuti chigaro chinotakurwa yakadaro chikara vaizoitwazve mabhiriji uye migwagwa. Mukuwedzera, mudzvinyiriri Franco nenzira yose kudzivirira ichi, kwete kuda nguva hakumbofi nyika kuva uto kurwisana pamwe Western dzairwisa.

Kuchinjwa pfuti kumabvazuva kumucheto

Tichifunga ezvinhu aya, mamwe rinorema pfuti "Dora" akatumwa yokumabvazuva mberi. Muna February 1942, vakaenda Crimea, paakange ndanyoresa dzinoshandiswa weuto, izvo akaedza remuSamoa taramba Sebastopol. Pano, 813-mm kukombwa pfuti "Dora" rave richishandiswa kudzvinyirira Soviet kumahombekombe mabhatiri, vakapakata 305-mm pfuti.

Zvakanyanyisa tsvimbo dzakawanda kushumira akagara pano Eastern Front, zvakakodzera kuwedzera mamwe mauto unodzivirira, kubva pamazuva Paakasvika Peninsula pfuti uye ayo kukarukureta wokutanga vakarwiswa guerrillas. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, njanji pfuti iri nyore chaizvo kuti mhepo parinouya, saka ndaifanira kushandisa mamwe Anti-ndege nokupesana kufukidza pfuti vachirwisa kubva ndege. Akanga akabatana uyewo himpodrazdelenie, ane basa raiva kusika utsi sefa.

Preparation hondo kutanga vachiridzira

Nzvimbo zvokushandisa vakasarudzwa nokungwarira kukuru. It kuzivikanwa panguva flyby nharaunda kubva mhepo mukuru pachake mukomboni inorema pfuti General Tsukerort. Akasarudza rimwe gomo, apo navanopinda incision yakaitwa kurwisa michina chinzvimbo. Kuti nechokwadi hwokugadzira kudzora zvakasimba "Krupp" akatumwa kunharaunda kushanda vanachiremba ayo, munyaya kukura uye gadzira kwepfuti.

Design inoratidza pfuti dhiramu kutamira chete hunyambiri nzvimbo, saka kuchinja vachiridzira mirayiridzo (yakatambarara) pfuti "Dora" yakanga yakaiswa chaiyo pakakwirira, iro akatamira munzvimbo imwe riemukaari goona makwara. Nokuti kwayo sangano rinoshandiswa zviviri simba Diesel locomotive.

Works pamusoro kuisa atirari chokugadza kugadzirira yayo nokuda kupfura apera nokuda pakutanga June 1942. Yokuwedzera matambudziko moto nhare Sevastopol vokuGermany kushandiswa, kunze "Dora", mamwe kuzvidzora propelled zviyero zviviri "Karl". The caliber pamusoro dhiramu raiva 60 cm. Vaivawo zvombo simba uye dzinoparadza.

Netsamba evakurukuri zviitiko

Paiva risingakanganwiki akaona zuva June 5, 1942. Vanotaura pamusoro pekuti miviri locomotives simba akakungurutsa pamusoro pengarava pamusoro arc chikara yairema 1,350 matani. Zvinofanira kuisa pasi kusvika sendimita, rakanga vaita bhurigedhi pamusoro machinists. Nokuti bara rokutanga uchiraira mugove pfuti wakaiswa projectile matani 7.

Mudenga akamuka ari chibharuma, basa vaunoshanda yaisanganisira kugadziridzwa moto. Kana kugadzirira apera, dzemaitirwe yose zvishandiso kwave zvakagoverwa munyika yokuvanda, yaiva kure anoverengeka zana mamita. Kubva chete vakaona anozivikanwa kuti hazviiti chakasimba zvokuti njanji iro zvimire papuratifomu, akaenda kunyika masendimita mashanu.

Maturo basa pasina zvombo

Military dzekare vasawirirana uwandu kwepfuti kuti akaita pfuti German "Dora" muna Sevastopol. Pahwaro yeSoviet murayiro data, paiva mana navasere. Izvi rinoenderana hwokugadzira pfuma Upfu, izvo zvisingagoni kukunda vazhinji vavo (uye ipapo anofanira kutsiviwa). zvinyorwa German chete vanoti pfuti hauna asingasviki makumi masere vaitenderera, pashure iyo, panguva purogiramu kutiza Ndege Soviet, akanga incapacitated simba chitima.

murayiro chikuru pamusoro Wehrmacht akamanikidzwa kubvuma kuti yaHitler achishora "Dora" pfuti haana akararama kusvika kwaari netarisiro. At mari zvose chakakonzerwa namaneja matambudziko moto zvishoma. It akanyora imwe chete kubudirira raparadza ari zvombo kwaichengeterwa mabhuku, riri kure makumi maviri nemanomwe makiromita. Navamwe multi-tani anoshongwa uselessly rawa, kusiya yakadzika mwena muvhu.

Kuzvidzivirira hurongwa sezvo pasina kukuvadza kunokonzerwa kwete, sezvo vaigona kuparadzwa chete zvakananga kwakafanorongwa. Akaramba achiti pamusoro pfuti iyi Army Mukuru Staff of Wehrmacht, Colonel General Frantsa Galdera. Akati kuti mukuru pfuti "Dora" - rinongova asingabatsiri chimedu ounyanzvi. Nokutonga vemauto nyanzvi rakaoma kuwedzera chinhu.

Kutsamwa Führer uye zvirongwa zvitsva

Kwakadaro Zvinogumbura zvabuda, kuratidzwa mukurwa chombo "Dora", akatsamwisa Führer. Akaisa ichi chirongwa zvepamusorosoro. Maererano Masvomhu ake, pfuti, pasinei yakakurisa mari chokuita ayo gadzira, kwaiva kupinda vakawanda kugadzirwa, uye nokudaro kuchinja chinokosha pakuenzanisa mauto ari mberi. Uyezve, mashoko Serial kugadzirwa kwezvombo unokosha ichi aifanira kupupura pamusoro maindasitiri zvinogona Germany.

Mushure kukundikana muCrimea "Krupp" vagadziri vakaedza kuvandudza zvisikwa zvake. Chaiva kuva akasiyana zvachose rinorema atirari chikwata "Dora." Pfuti kuita sverhdalnoboynym uye akarishandisa kunge pamusoro Western Front. kuvaka Its akanga aronga kuti kuchinja inokosha kuti kubvumira, maererano vanyori, vachiridzira munhu-padanho matatu zvitundumuseremusere. Asi urongwa hwakadaro, sezvinei, haana kuva.

Munguva yehondo, kunze pfuti "Dora", vanhu vokuGermany yakatanga imwe super-rinorema kanoni caliber masere masendimita. Yainzi mukukudza musoro rakasimba "Krupp" Gustav Krupp of Bollène - ". Gobvu Gustav" pfuti iyi, mutengo mavanga mamiriyoni gumi German, akanga unusable sezvo uyewo "Dora." Pfuti akanga anenge zvose zvakafanana zvinokanganiswa zhinji uye zvakawanda zviripo. Pakapera hondo zvose zvivako vakanga anotinhwa naMweya vokuGermany.