Yokutindivadza mukuru: mhando uye contraindications

Yokutindivadza (yokutindivadza) panguva yakapiwa kuvhiya kupindira, angava nezvezvikwata zviviri:

• emo - murwere anoziva, anesthetized chete dzomuviri apo kuvhiyiwa kuchaitika;
• zvachose - murwere achinyatsotaurira nehope mishonga hope.

General nemakanzuru yokutindivadza ari zvakafanana kuwana nzvimbo mushonga ano. Yomunharaunda rufimbi iri voga musana uye nhengo dzomuviri yokutindivadza. Muzviitiko izvi, murwere anoziva, asi asingaiti varidzi kudzika chikamu muviri wayo uri zvachose unoshaya simba uye kurasikirwa nehanya. Yokutindivadza vakawanda yokutindivadza anowanzodanwa.

Pfungwa yokutindivadza

Yokutindivadza - mukuru yokutindivadza; muchiGiriki rinoreva "chiveve" "chiveve." Zvarinoreva iri yokuti tichibatsirwa mishonga ine zvainoita nechepakati tsinga uye zvachose vanovhara nomunhu tsinga kuti anotumira. Somugumisiro siyana zvose hwevanhu vari seiyi, uye achinyatsotaurira anonzi hope zvinodhaka Kutemeswa.

kurota uku hazvigoni kuenzaniswa dzose nezuva hope kana munhu anogona kumuka kuchangotanga rustle. Kana zvokurapa hope muvanhu, chokwadi, akatendeuka kure kwekanguva zvinenge hurongwa zvose zvinokosha, kuwedzera zvemwoyo.

prenarcosis

Pamberi mukuru yokutindivadza murwere aifanira kudzidzisa chairo - premedication. Vanenge vanhu vose vanowanzopedzisira kunetseka kana kutya kuvhiyiwa. Stress anokonzerwa mwoyo, unogona kuti kukanganisika mukufamba pakuvhiya. The murwere pakarepo ichi pane rakakura adrenaline nhokwe. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti atadze kushanda zvakanaka dzinokosha nhengo - mwoyo, neitsvo, mapapu, chiropa, izvo hwakazara yematambudziko munguva oparesheni uye yangopedzwa.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, Anesthesiologists kuti zvakakodzera kudzikamisa murume asati kuvhiya. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akagadza vamiririri kunyaradza hunhu - ichi anonzi premedication. Pakuvhiya, kurongwa pachine premedication usiku pamberi. Kana chimbichimbi - zvakarurama patafura uchishandisa.

Milestones, mhando uye padanho vakawanda yokutindivadza

General yokutindivadza rinoitwa mumatanho matatu:

• Induction kuti yokutindivadza kana induction - rwaiitwa panongovira murwere raiva patafura uchishandisa. Akapinda kugadzirira vezvokurapa, ichipa hope huru, kutandara kwakakwana uye kurwadziwa.
• Maintenance yokutindivadza - nemukoti anokotsirisa anofanira zvakarurama ngaaverenge uwandu mishonga inodiwa. Munguva oparesheni, akaramba nguva kudzora zvose mashandiro murwere: BP akayera, kuongororwa kuti mwoyo yevanhu uye kufema. Nechiidzo inokosha izvi vane mwoyo uye okisijeni uye carbon dioxide muropa. The anesthesiologist anofanira kuziva zvose nzendo kushanda kwayo nguva, saka kuti yaigona, kana zvichikodzera, wedzera kana kuderedza dose nezvinodhaka.
• Chisinga- - kubva yokutindivadza. The anesthesiologist ndiyo kukarukureta chaiwo uwandu zvinodhaka uyewo nepfungwa kuunza murwere nguva yokurara mishonga zvakadzama. Panguva iyi, mishonga vanofanira kupedza chiito chacho, uye munhu anotanga kumuka zvinyoronyoro. Unosanganisira ose nhengo uye hurongwa. The anesthesiologist haaregi murwere chero auya zvizere pfungwa. murwere kufema inofanira kuva dzakazvimirira, BP uye kupomba pakudzikamisa, hunenge uye tsandanyama matauriro kuuya zvakakwana kufirwa.

Yokutindivadza mukuru ane tsoka:

• Pamusoro yokutindivadza - anonyangarika tactile nehanya, haina kunzwa marwadzo vomukova, asi tiri zvichiratidza ari skeletal tsandanyama, uye nhengo dzomukati.
• Light yokutindivadza - relaxes ari skeletal tsandanyama, ruzhinji nokupera hunenge. Vanachiremba pane mukana chiedza pamusoro kwacho.
• Full yokutindivadza - tsandanyama kutandara pane skeletal tsandanyama, chakavhara zvinenge zvose hunenge uye hurongwa, kuwedzera zvemwoyo. Zvinova zvinogoneka kuita mabasa chero kunzwisisa.
• Ultra-zvakadzama yokutindivadza - zvinganzi kuti mamiriro ichi pakati upenyu uye rufu. Makavhara zvinenge hunenge zvose, tsandanyama vakasununguka chose sezvo skeletal kumeso tsandanyama.

Mhando vakawanda yokutindivadza:

• Mask;
• intravenous;
• uchitikurudzira.

kwadzakabva nguva pashure vakawanda yokutindivadza

Mushure murwere kubva vakawanda yokutindivadza kuti mugariro wake kupinda chiremba. Matambudziko vakawanda yokutindivadza hadziwanzowaniki. Tapedza oparesheni ine zviratidzo zvayo. Somuenzaniso, kana Yakavhiyiwa pamusoro mudumbu, nguva havagoni kunwa mvura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviri havatenderwi. Taurai nhasi ndiyo nyaya murwere famba pashure kuvhiyiwa. Richishandiswa kuva kuti munhu ari postoperative munguva iri chinodiwa sezvo zvichibvira kuti pamubhedha yakareba. Nhasi, Zvinokurudzirwa kusimuka, kuenda vakazvimiririra kuburikidza kumbonyanya pfupi nguva avhiyiwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvinoita kuti akurumidze kupora.

Chero zvazvingava, murwere vanofanira kuteerera kunenge nachiremba wako, zvimwe ari kupora anogona kunonoka.

The kusarudza yokutindivadza nzira

Nokuti kurwadziwa kwacho kuri basa anesthesiologist. Iye, pamwe chete chiremba uye murwere, kusarudza kuti yokutindivadza mhando kupa kupfuura imwe nyaya. Kusarudza nzira yokutindivadza zvinokonzerwa zvinhu zvizhinji:

• The Vhoriyamu vakaronga kuvhiyiwa. Somuenzaniso, kubviswa imwe nhuta hakurevi vakawanda yokutindivadza, asi pakuvhiya murwere zvomukati - nayo haisi nyaya uye kunoda yakadzika uye kwenguva refu hope mishonga a.
• Murwere ezvinhu. Kana murwere ari chakakomba ezvinhu kana kumbofungidzira chero matambudziko Kuvhiya, mubvunzo vomunharaunda yokutindivadza haagoni kuva.
• Ruzivo uye unyanzvi chiremba. Anesthesiologist anoziva pamusoro kosi hwokushanda, kunyanya vanenge apo chiremba ari kushanda pamwe haisi nguva yokutanga.
• Asi, chokwadi, mutindivadzi kusarudza uye pasina contraindications nguva dzose vanosarudza nzira yokutindivadza, riri pedyo amene, uye nyaya iyi nani kuvimba naye. Kana zviri zvavo kana dzomunharaunda yokutindivadza - Chikurukuru, kuti oparesheni akabudirira.

Mirayiridzo murwere asati kuvhiyiwa

Pamberi oparesheni nguva dzose kunoitika kutaurirana pakati murwere uye anesthesiologist. Chiremba kubvunza pamusoro Kutamiswa mashandiro kwokutanga, dzakanga anesthetized uye murwere wake vakatambura. On chikamu murwere zvakakosha chaizvo kuudza chiremba zvose, kwete asipo rimwe akadzama, sezvo unogona ipapo nezvaanoita mukushanda.

Asati avhiyiwa, murwere unofanira kurangarira zvirwere zvaifanira vakatamira pamusoro yose nguva hwake. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya chisingaperi zvirwere. Uyewo, murwere vanofanira kuudza chiremba pamusoro mishonga kuti anomanikidzwa kutora panguva. Zvinogoneka kuti chiremba wenyu kubvunza zvakawanda mimwezve mibvunzo kuwedzera ose pamusoro. ruzivo Izvi zvakakodzera kwaari kuti kubvisa kunyange zvishoma chikanganiso pakusarudza nzira yokutindivadza. yematambudziko ve- vakawanda yokutindivadza hadziwanzowaniki, kana zvose zviito pamusoro chikamu anesthesiologist, uye chikamu murwere rakaitwa nomazvo.

zvomunharaunda yokutindivadza

yokutindivadza Local kakawanda hakurevi kupindira mutindivadzi. Vanachiremba vanogona vakazvimiririra basa iri mhando yokutindivadza. Vanongova kubvisa nzvimbo mishonga kuvhiyiwa.

With zvomunharaunda yokutindivadza munogara ngozi kuti kukwana uwandu patange zvinodhaka uye chikumbaridzo kurwadziwa zvikuru. Muchiitiko chino, musavhunduka. Unofanira kukumbira chiremba kuwedzera chezvinodhaka.

musana yokutindivadza

Kana musana (musana) yokutindivadza iri jekiseni zvakananga kupinda musana. Murwere anonzwa chete jekiseni. Pashure induction pakati yokutindivadza, yose yepazasi chikamu muviri bindira, kurasikirwa kunzwa zvose.

mhando iyi yokutindivadza rinoshandiswa zvinobudirira pakuvhiya pamusoro makumbo, urology uye Gynecology.

nhengo dzomuviri yokutindivadza

In nhengo dzomuviri yokutindivadza munharaunda pakati musana Canal uye musana anobudisa mushonga zvishoma nezvishoma, kuburikidza iyo inogona kupiwa inonyaradza marwadzo omusoro.

Nhengo dzomuviri yokutindivadza dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kurwadziwa pakupona kazhinji - munguva refu akavhiyiwa mumunda Gynecology uye urology.

Ndezvipi zviri nani, nhengo dzomuviri kana mukuru yokutindivadza? Zviri vasingabvumirani chaizvo nyaya nhasi. Mumwe nomumwe ave pachavo nharo dzavo panyaya iyi.

Mask narcosis

The Mask yokutindivadza kana inhalational vakawanda rufimbi iri chakaunzwa mumuviri kuburikidza murwere Airways. In kwakadai hope yokutindivadza iri nekugadzirwa gasi chaiyo iyo Anesthesiologists zvokudya pachishandiswa chokuzvivanza vasiyana chiso murwere. Rinoshandiswa kuti nyoro zvenguva pfupi kushandiswa.

Kana uri kushandisa masiki yokutindivadza murwere kukosha - kuteerera chiremba: kufema zvaanoda, kuita zvaanotaura, kupindura mibvunzo yakabvunzwa kwavari. Kana chifukidzo yokutindivadza murwere zviri nyore kupinda hope, uye sezvinoita nyore kunomumutsa.

phlebonarcosis

For intravenous mishonga rufimbi anokonzera zvinodhaka Kutemeswa hope uye kutandara, hunosumwa zvakananga kupinda tsinga. Izvi zvinoita kuti vabudirire akurumidze kushanda uye unhu zvabuda.

Intravenous yokutindivadza zvinogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana remapazi. Ndiye Inonyanya kubata dzekare kuvhiyiwa.

General yokutindivadza vane tsandanyama rudekaro multicomponent

Multicomponent kwakadai yokutindivadza rinonzi nokuti anosanganisa chifukidzo uye intravenous yokutindivadza. Kureva chezvinonhuwira vakawanda yokutindivadza raitongwa sezvo zvinodhaka nomutsinga uye muchimiro magasi kuburikidza kufema hurongwa. Izvi mhando yokutindivadza unokubvumira kuzadzisa kunonyanyisa zvabuda.

Muscle kutandara - kutandara pane skeletal tsandanyama. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru munguva kuvhiya kupindira.

Multicomponent yokutindivadza pachii zvakakomba uye refu-refu kushandiswa. Nhasi, pasi yokutindivadza, saizvozvo anoshanda pamusoro abdominal zvomukati, chipfuva.

General yokutindivadza. Contraindications

Nokushandisa vakawanda yokutindivadza, pane dzimwe contraindications:

• mwoyo kutadza;
• zvakakomba kupererwa neropa;
• myocardial infarction;
• nemabayo;
• chenjera itsvo uye chiropa;
• asima;
• pfari;
• anticoagulant kurapwa;
• kwemakemikari anobudiswa zvirwere zvakadai thyrotoxicosis, decompensated cheshuga, adrenal chirwere;
• zvakazara dumbu;
• rinorema doro kudhaka;
• pasina mutindivadzi, zvinokosha zvinodhaka uye michina.

General nemakanzuru yokutindivadza - zvinokosha chaizvo zvinhu zviri ano kuvhiyiwa. No oparesheni zvinoitika pasina yokutindivadza. Panyaya iyi, tinofanira kuripa mutero kuna mushonga, nekuti haana munhu wose anogona kufamba chinorwadza kuvhunduka.