Zoological Museum yeMoscow State University. Zoological Museum yeMoscow State University paBirshaya Nikitskaya: zvikwereti, mitengo, maitiro

PaRussia Academy of Sciences kune Zoological Museum, iyo ndiyo yakakura zvikuru munyika yedu zvose maererano nenharaunda inobatwa uye maererano nehuwandu hwemari. Nzvimbo yechipiri yakanyatsorongedzerwa nedare rakadaro kuMoscow State University. The Zoological Museum paBorshaya Nikitskaya ndechimwe chegumi chikuru pane zvisikwa zvenyika ino.

Vanonyanya kukoshesa vokuRussia

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa zvayo ndeyotevera. Muna 1802, hurumende yakakumbira zvipo zvekudzidzisa. Pakati pevatapi vekutanga aiva musayendisiti wezvisikwa uye mutsigiri Pavel Grigorievich Demidov (1739-1821), wedzinza remhuri yakakurumbira. Basa rake rakazara kwazvo: pamari yake pachake akazarura koroji yesayenzi yakakwirira muna 1803, iyo yakava nezita rake kusvikira muna 1919. Panguva imwecheteyo, anotumira mari muhuwandu hwemamiriyoni zana emabrazi, mabhuku akazara uye akaunganidzwa naye munguva dzekufamba-famba munyika yose masayenzi-kuunganidza masangano kusvikira mune ramangwana reMoscow State University. The Zoological Museum inokonzerwa nemipiro iyi. Mukuwedzera, muna 1805 PG Demidov akatamirwa kuMoscow University Mints cabinet, iyo yakanga ine zvigadzirwa zvakapfuma (zviuru zvezviuru) zvemari nemari. Iyi pfuma uye yakagadzirisa nheyo huru yepakutanga, muna 1791, "cabinet yezvakaitika kare."

Professional approach

Muna 1755, Imperial Moscow University - Moscow State University yakagadzwa nemutemo weEmpress Elizaveta Petrovna . The Zoological Museum iri makore makumi matatu nemakore mashoma, izvo hazvidziviriri kuti zvirege kuonekwa seimwe yekare-masangano masayenzi. Akasvitsa makore 215. Mushure mokunge mari ye "hurumende yezvakaitika kare" yakawedzerwa zvikuru nekuedza kwevashandi vekudhiridzira kwePG Demidov, kwakamuka kudiwa kwe systematization yavo. Basa iri rakagadziriswa rakagadzwa nemudzidzisi anonyatsozivikanwa weRussia GI Fisher (zita rakazara Grigory Ivanovich (Johann Gottgelf, Gotthelf) Fischer von Waldheim, makore ehupenyu-1771-1853) akanga atozviratidza kuti akapupurirwa zvakanaka (akanyora mutsara weimwe sarudzo muParis). Mudzidzi nemuteveri J. Cuvier, munyori wehurukuro "Mukufema kwezvipfuwo," GI Fisher akaramba kuratidzwa kwaFriedrich Schiller University yeJena, uyo akamukoka kuti agadzirise "hurumende yezvakaitika kare", uye akagara muMoscow, mune ramangwana MSU. The Zoological Museum yakasikwa kubudirira kwake.

Kudzinganisa

Muna 1806-1807 ndiye akanga ari wokutanga kuunganidza zvikamu zvose, kusanganisira mari nemari. Sezvinozivikanwa, muna 1812 Moscow yakapisa. Mumoto uyu, zvivako zvakawanda zvakaurawa, zvikwereti zvisingakoshi zveZoological Museum zvakapotsa zvakaparadzwa zvachose. Uye patriot weRussia, Grigory Ivanovich Fisher, uyo akakwanisa kuchengetedza chikamu chekugadzirisa (shell and shellfish) mumoto, akatanga kudzorera "cabinet", achiendesa zvinyorwa zvake, zvinyorwa uye mabhuku. Zvadaro, achishandisa simba rake uye mukurumbira munharaunda yezvesayenzi, akatendeukira kuvadzidzisi vemasikirwo uye vanochengetedza zvikamu zvepachivande nechikumbiro chekubatsira mukudzorerwa kwevakafa musamu, rumutsiriro runogona kutaurwa kare muna 1814. Yechipiri yekuenzanisa, yakaitwa naGI Fisher, yakapedziswa muna 1822, uye data yayo yakabudiswa. Panguva imwe chete ne-systematization yemari, chikwata chezvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa, uye iyo itsva musamuvhisi yunivhesiti yakagadzirwa kuburikidza chete. Pakazosvika 1830, kuburikidza nebasa risina udyire raGI Fisher, nhamba yezviratidzwa yakazosvika makumi maviri emakiromita zviuru.

Zvinoda Kugadzirisazve

Kuvandudzwa kunotevera kwakanga kwave kare muna 1860. Zvadaro mari yose yemu museum yakagoverwa kuva dzidzo, zvesayenzi uye kuratidzwa. Kune vashanyi veZoological Museum yeMoscow State University. Lomonosov yakavhurwa muna 1866. Zvechokwadi, mumakore ose ehuripo, yakagadzirwa nesimba, uye pakupera kwezana remakore nzvimbo yakagadzirirwa iyo yakava yakasimba. Uye saka muna 1989-1902 kuitira kuti musimamende ivakwe imba itsva yemhando nhatu yakagadzirwa nemudzidzi wezvidzidzo, muvakidzani wenhaka KM Bykovsky, panguva iyoyo - muumbi mukuru weMoscow University. Vakavaka zvivako zveyunivhesiti paDevichi Field. PaB Bolshaya Nikitskaya, kuwedzera kune imwe nzvimbo yakaisvonaka yeZoological Museum, KM Bykovskii akavaka raibhurari uye zvivako zvezvikwata zvakawanda.

Imba yakanakisisa, yakagadzirwa muchechi yekare, iri mumoyo weguta guru. Zvivako zvemasero ari pedyo nde " Lenin naOkhotny Ryad. Yakatamisa musimamende kubva kuvakare rekare kuMokhovaya. Mushure mekufamba, musimamende yakave yeruzhinji muna 1911.

Soviet Reformation

Muna 1930, Zoological Museum yeMoscow State University muMoscow yakapiwa muchechi yezvinyorwa. Kugadzirisa zvakakosha kwakaitika mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe emakore ekupedzisira. Pashure pematambudziko ose museumusiya anowana maonero akazvimiririra. Kusvika iye zvino, mari yaro yesayenzi inosvika mamiriyoni emamiriyoni ezvikamu. Inoshanyira nevanhu vanosvika 150 000 pagore, nhamba yekutenderera kune imwe nguva inosvika pachiyero chemazana 1700. Zvizhinji zvinowanika kune zvimwe zvakanyatsorongedzwa uye zvakanyatsorondedzerwa pamusoro pemhando imwe neimwe yekuunganidza zvesayenzi. Dzimba dzechitatu dzinoona dzakagadzirirwa dzakapiwa kune vashanyi - mbiri padhorosi rekutanga, imwe (Bone room) - yechipiri. Zvose zvinounganidzwa zvakavakwa maererano nehutano hwemhando, kubva kuprotozoa kusvika kumagetsi.

Kunyanya kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi

Svesheni Inotsvakurudza Zoological Museum yeMoscow State University iri kuita basa rakakomba - kudzidza nekugadzirisa ruzivo pamusoro pemhuka mune zvese, nezvemazuva ano kunyanya. Nokudaro, 8 chete yezvirongwa gumi nemamiriyoni zvinoratidzwa zvinoratidzirwa, pakati payo pane vakasiyana-siyana vamiririri vemhuka dzenyika, somuenzaniso, iyo yakakura uye yakaoma zvikuru beetle-goliath uye mazana emamwe mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzorudzi rwayo. Hazvishamisi kuti Muscovites vanotanga kushanyira musamu ino musikana muduku-vanouya pano vane vana vane gore rimwe chete uye vanofara nefambiro. Zoological Museum yeMoscow State University, inobvunzurudza pamusoro payo iyo yakawanda inofadza kwazvo, inonyatsonaka kwazvo, inofambidzana ne nguva, inopa "dzose" dzinogona kukwezva uye kufarira sevashanyi vakawanda sezvinobvira. Uye mazano ari kushanda pano vanhu vanoshamisa. Asi nguva dzose pakushanyira chero musimamende munyika muno kune vanhu vanofunga kuti vatungamiri vanotaura zvinyararire, uye zviratidzo izvi zvakafukidzwa neguruva. Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza kuti ichi hachisi chokwadi.

Mitikiti yemitengo, kuongororwa, zviitiko zvinonakidza

Iwe unogona kutarisa ruvara uye yakakwirira yezvikamu nekushanyira museum. Mutengo wetikiti ndeye 100 mabheti emwana wacho sechikamu cheboka rekubuda, rinenge vanhu vanenge 20. Kune munhu mukuru ane maziso ekucherechedza - 250 rubles, asina rwendo - 200. Pane kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvigaro, mazuva mashoma ezvimwe zvikamu zvevagari uye imwe usiku huripo mugore. Inonakidza zvikuru ma periodic zviratidzo. Vamwe vashanyi vanotenga matikiti pasina nguva yokubhadhara. Inoramba ichiwedzera zvishoma zvinonakidza - kwenguva yakati muimba yePurofesa AN Severtsev, ari muchivako chemu museum, uyo ndiye aiva nheyo yemhuka yekushanduka kwemhuka yemhuka, akararama Marina Tsvetaeva. Uye iye pachake wakashanda semuenzaniso we hero we "Mafuta anouraya" aM. A. Bulgakov.