"Zvakaedza zvekare Years". Summary Chronicle

Patafura muchitokisi yakanyarara pave yayo nhoroondo Zvakanyorwa somuzivi. The yose yakafara zvayo dzakatetepa Peji anomunzwira zvinyorwa - zvapupu kungwaririra asi penya pfungwa. Ake bvudzi rachena achipenya sirivha mumaziso ake ainzwa chiedza yakazara mweya uye rukudzo, neminwe - chombo chakanaka basa - vari kuchinja uye refu. Iye - zvikuru unyanzvi munyori, akachenjera anofunga mu yemamongi nguvo, mabhuku Nugget, uyo akanyora "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years". Pfupiso Chronicle rwunotipa nguva yaairarama Nestor sahwira.

Hapana anoziva ake muduku aiva. Hazvina kujeka chii chakaita kuti wemamongi, uyo akamudzidzisa upenyu. We chete kuziva kuti iye wemutovo akafa Yaroslav Mudry. Around 1070 muduku akangwara murume akaonekwa ari Kiev-Pechersk wemamongi, uyo anoda kuteerera. Mumakore 17, zvemamongi akamupa pakati zita riri Stefan, bedzi gare gare zvishoma, iye akagadzwa mudhikoni kuti kurayira. Muzita chokwadi, akaita vapupurire dzekare mavambo uye chipo chikuru kuna yamadzibaba - "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years". Pfupiso yaMakoronike vanofanira kuzvipira iyoyo, izvo, kunze pamberi basa, achiperekedzwa nomunyori muupenyu hwake chipo. Munguva idzodzo zvakanga murume akadzidza chaizvo uye akapa zivo yake ose mabhuku mabasa. Nestor sahwira chakabatsira vanhu kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro chii chinoumba the Ancient Russia mumakore 900-1100.

Munyori yokufungidzira "yakapfuura Years" zvinowanikwa hwake imwe nguva apo Russia yaitongwa nemachinda Yaroslav. Yaroslav Mudry, sezvo baba vavo akavarayira kudzivirira mumwe, kuti tirarame murudo, asi machinda nevatatu yakapotsa akaputsa chikumbiro yababa vake. In iyoyo, Kunotadza Kuwirirana Polovtsy - inowanzorimwa vagari. Vechihedheni nzira youpenyu ichindisunda panze kuti rinopikisa wokuburitsa kodzero yavo kuripo kubhapatidzo Rus 'vakanga kunokonzerwa mhirizhonga uye dzakakurumbira yokumukira nevatungamiriri muroyi. Izvi anoudza "zvakaedza zvekare Years".

Pfupiso enyika zviitiko renhoroondo dzamadzimambo umboo chinoshanda upenyu Yaroslava Mudrogo - muvambi mabhuku pfuma, wokutanga raibhurari kuRussia. Kubva ichi, raibhurari uye vakadzidza ruzivo rwavo ruzivo Kiev-Pechersk wemamonk. Nestor sahwira akaita munguva kuchinja kukuru; yaiva nguva machinda uye feudal nokurwisana vachiri havana kukwanisa kutyora simba Kievan Rus. Zvino guta guru mupenyu, akatungamirirwa Svatopluk - mutongi nemakaro uye manomano. Murombo vanhu vasisagoni kushivirira muuranda uye feudal vanozivikanwa uye akakurumbira yemuna rakatanga muna 1113. Kwamachinda akamanikidzwa kuenda Vladimir Monomakh - Prince Pereyaslavl, saka akatora nyaya mumaoko avo. Haana kuda kupindira umambo vatorwa ushe, asi uchiona zvakaipa Kievan Rus, akanga asingakwanisi kuramba vanhu mutemo mutsva.

In basa rake "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years" pfupiso Ancient Russian History Nestor sahwira akakukomborera unyanzvi hwavo uye akawedzera mifananidzo nemifananidzo: embellished machinda munorumbidzirweiko uye ndichisvibiswa vatongi kukodzera. Yenhau inopa pfungwa zvakajeka kwarakabva zvinyorwa Russian yenyika, uye akanga ari wokutanga mambo. Kuoneka kuti chepakutanga ane musoro nyaya wakareba anotsanangura pfupiso. "Zvakaedza zvekare Years" zvikaitika, kana munyori akanga matanhatu nemakore. Akachenjera uye anoshingaira Nestor mumwoyo yevanhu Russian haana chete mumongi asiwo nyanzvi pakuridza anofunga uyo aikwanisa hunonyatsodonongodza uye kwazvo kutanga rwendo rwedu.