Zviremera nezvakatongwa of Russian Federation: pfungwa, nhoroondo, basa, nyaya, mabasa, mashandiro, masimba, basa. Edzimhosva - iri ...

Edzimhosva - chinhu chinokosha ezvinhu ose ehurumende midziyo, dzika nemitemo zvaidiwa normative nomutemo mabasa munyika, mabasa dzakawanda mashandiro, uyewo aine nhamba nemasimba chaizvo zviri kuri chete ichi hurumende kubatana.

XIX remakore: kutanga

Ezvinhu nezvakatongwa zviremera yeRussian Empire itange akasuma kuti nguva yokutanga iyo Russian Emperor Alexander I, uyo akapa rinokosha Manifesto "On pakagadzwa shumiro." Izvi zvakaitika muna 1802, 8 September. Chiito ichi pamutemo anopa kwete chete masimba Justice, asiwo somutungamiriri akadanidzira mushumiri, mumhanyi izvo aigona chete rwugare gavhuna-mukuru Russian Empire.

The mabasa nezvakatongwa zviremera panguva kwaisanganisira kwegadziriro zvemitemo mabasa, uyewo Kufambisa kusungwawo basa nezvakatongwa mabasa. sezvo mamwe mashandiro anoita Ushumiri kuti aite kutamiswa, kuchinjwa, kudzingwa wavabati achitora nzvimbo basa nehurumende midziyo. Wokutanga uye hwaipfuura rezvemitemo akava Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, uyo akabatana Kuda nhetembo uye voruzhinji mabasa muupenyu hwavo.

The zvakananga Kupinda of Bazi Justice vakagamuchirwa ari Implementation pakati kwawo kuchinja, izvo masimba musoro muviri kwazvo. Panguva iyo 1864, kuzvidzora ichi rinoitwa kwete chete utungamiriri nezvakatongwa dzakabatana uye hofisi muchuchisi wacho, asi hwaibatanidzwawo iri kudzorwa mujeri uye muganhu zvidimbu, akatungamirira notaries.

Basa nezvakatongwa zviremera munhoroondo kunogona kurondwa kuburikidza kwemauto zvinhu, somuenzaniso, Ushumiri akatanga wedzimhosva Institute, iyo inoshanda nhasi; kubatanidzwa zvakananga Pfungwa ine zvirongwa zvoruzhinji, uyewo kushandura mitemo vakazivisa kupinda tsika.

XX remakore: pambiru-echimurenga kuchinja

Nhoroondo nezvakatongwa zviremera muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri akatendeukira kuchinja pamusoro masangano ari rehurumende muviri pasi zita "The People wacho Commissariat of Justice." Pasinei nokuchinja kukuru zita Ushumiri, mabasa ayo kuitwa chete mirayiridzo - paumbwe matare uye kusarudzwa zvikuru vanonyatsokwanisa nenyanzvi. Direct muchinangwa nokuumbwa itsva mamiriro wokuti Hurumende yeSoviet chaiva kukura uye Implementation pakati yepamusoro mitemo mutsva USSR.

Muna 1936, uchisangana achinje - nehofisi yevachuchisi kusunungurwa mu yakazvimirira sangano. Zvisinei, nokuda yakadaro kuchinja zvinhu nezvakatongwa zviremera mabasa yekudyidzana yakawedzera nokure systematization uye kugadzirirwa waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa mabasa pamutemo. The zvemitemo muitiro yaiumbwa matanho zvikuru zvitatu:

• Preparation dzevagari, mhosva uye Maitiro Codes, uyewo mamwe marudzi magwaro pamutemo (zvigadziko basa mitemo, uye zvichingodaro).
• Development mabasa nekanzuru Hurumende USSR.
• Okuwedzera mabasa mumunda mitemo.

Research mumarabhoritari, masangano, budiriro iri mune dzeutongi. Mashandiro anoita hurumende midziyo yechipiri yezana XX remakore mumunda zvemitemo basa vaiva rinonyatsooneka tichienzanisa pamwe nemamwe masangano uye inopiwa kuna Hurumende iri USSR zvakananga zvazvinoita.

Muna 1991, Dare Council akasarudza kuramba kureva muviri Russian Federation Ministry of Justice. Muna 1992 akanga aita zvose kuMudzidzisi yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Constitution of State, uyewo mitemo mitsva yeUnited uye dzimwe nemirau omurume yakapiwa.

Department wokururamisira; mashandiro, yokuti panzvimbo ino padariro pakukura ehurumende

To musi, nezvaakatonga masimba - chinhu chinokosha ehurumende midziyo yacho mamiriro. Pane zvakawanda maonero pamusoro terminological zvinoreva shoko "kururamisira." Vamwe vanoti basa nokururamisira ari pamutemo basa, nepo vamwe vanodavira kuti shanduro akati Kufambisa matare basa. Chero zvazvingava, chero maonero anogona kuva pedyo nemi, terminological zvinoreva shoko wakabatana zvepamutemo mabasa, ndiko, izvo ane tsika pamutemo. Kuongorora zvakadzama, zvakakodzera kuti ajekese munhau iyi, kuti terminological kududzirwa kweshoko "kururamisira" kune mukuru zvakadini nokuda nhoroondo netsika nenhoroondo muviri ichi.

Panguva iyoyo, mashoko Russian Federation nezvakatongwa zviremera vanoita kwesangano uye managerial mabasa. Huru pamutemo Chishandiso kuti rinoronga mabasa mamiriro midziyo ari pamusoro zvinhu ndiyo Regulation pamusoro Ministry of Justice. Basa rinokosha munzvimbo iyi vairidza mitemo vakawanda hurumende uye mirairo President.

Justice Hurumende: mabasa, mabasa, maitiro

Edzimhosva - nesangano rehurumende chengeteswa inotevera mazita mabasa:

• Direct kukanganisa mabasa mureza-akagara kwemiviri mutongo nyika - President uye Hurumende.
• The kudzora Bhuku pamutemo mumatare mabasa panguva kwematunhu uye nemakanzuru pamwero, uyewo ongororo pamusoro legality dzavo uye zvaidiwa dzomunyika mabasa, mitemo yeUnited nemirayiro. Implementation of wakakodzera kushingaira muitiro, kana zvichidikanwa.
• Implementation yevagari kunyoresa, zvichiita hurumende kunyoresa uye murau kupinda vehurumende kwema, kodzero, kunyoresa zvivako uye zvichingodaro. Iyi ndaza haina dzoga, sezvinoita mabasa zviremera zveko inozivikanwa.
• Implementation kuti pamutemo basa zviri pamutemo.
• Kuzvidzora pamusoro aurayiwe zvemitemo pamutemo mabasa.
• Kupa ruzivo yepamutemo kuruzhinji kana kubatsirwa, uye chinonyanya dzinokosha.

The chikuru mashandiro anoita matare vakapararira mhiri ezvinhu ayo, riri sezvinotevera:

1. Ministry of Justice.
2. Miviri uye mujeri masangano.
3. Ministry of Justice of micheto, chinoda uye dzimwe nharaunda iri Russian Federation.

The Ministry of Justice sechinhu revane, nechepakati hurongwa chikwata

Edzimhosva - vari masangano uye masangano kuti tiri chikamu chikuru munyika Ministry of Justice. Kune vaya kazhinji zvinosanganisira notaries, kuhofisi yokunyoresa zviremera, yokuRussia Mutemo Academy, pamutemo mashoko nzvimbo, mumarabhoritari nokuti Implementation pakati forensic reShanduro pamutemo kusunungurwa magazini uye zvichingodaro.

The Ministry of Justice - ari musimboti Kufananidzira, chikuru basa chine kutungamirira uye ekufambisa simba nokuda miganhu miviri uye masangano, izvo zvinosanganisirwa pamusoro hurongwa. In Russia mamiriro maneja Data chedziviriro ehurumende midziyo vachifarira rezvemitemo, anotakura pachake pamutemo kuita kuti kukwana Implementation ari mabasa mumaoko ushumiri.

Sei basa "mitemo" wegadziriro? The Minister of Justice pasi Musoro State kana Government of Russian Federation gwaro magwaro pamutemo zviitiko. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Gurukota anekodzero kuzviisa pamusoro nehanya magwaro chete avo izvo chokuita mabasa kuitwa kwavari zvakananga.

Kana sechivako dhipatimendi kuhurumende, kazhinji ine mahofisi, madhipatimendi uye mapoka. Mumwe STRUCTURAL nokupesana iri mubasa yakapiwa basa rake maererano nzira yakatangwa mabasa pamutemo. Somuenzaniso, panguva ino, masimba nezvakatongwa zviremera zvenyika Russian Federation ndezvaJehovha kurapa systematization mitemo, utariri nyanzvi masangano, dhipatimendi dare tsika uye zvichingodaro.

Kutsigira basa nokuti Scientific Center of Legal Information, muzinda kuongororwa nezvakatongwa panguva yeUnited vanochiva uyewo Russian Law Academy.

Miviri RF vanotongwa kururamisira munyika

Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira, inobva maitiro apa kuti zvandakatonga zviremera yeRussian Federation panguva remunharaunda pamwero dzinoturwa sezvo mapato micheto, chinoda, vakuru kumatunhu Russian. nharaunda Mumwe Akatsunga vakazvimiririra uyo misoro ushumiri mumhanyi mukuru kana mushumiri.

All nezvakatongwa zviremera mumunda, zvisinei dzidzo yavo pasi Bazi Justice nemamwe yeUnited Executive miviri ehurumende simba. Masimba nezvakatongwa zviremera pasi muzvinhu zvakawanda rakafanana nechepakati hofisi webasa, saka romunharaunda nezvakatongwa zviremera mabasa, mabasa kunze sezvinotevera:

• Standard-marongero mabasa nezapreschonnyh pamutemo nemiganhu.
• Kuronga basa notaries mumunda.
• Kuita marezinesi mabasa: issuance kuti marezinesi, kudzora ukoshi, kushandisa yepamutemo kuita matanho vanhu vakaparadza murayiro, uye zvichingodaro.

Mune ramangwana tinoronga kuti ndipe mitumbi vanotongwa simba kuronga urongwa logistical umbowo Matare vatongi '.

The chikuru zvataurwa webasa nezvakatongwa zviremera munzvimbo dziri kuti:

1. rutsigiro yepamutemo normative basa.
2. Implementation pamusoro mamiriro kunyoresa yemirau zveko sezvo vehurumende uye zviri pamutemo masangano uye vanhu (kunyoresa Real Estate kwema, vehurumende kunyoresa, uye zvichingodaro).

Next mirayiridzo zvakananga zviri raanotaura chaiyo bhora; nhovo akaisa maererano nechinangwa; mabasa uye masimba.

Basa Bazi Kururama mureza-pakururamisa miviri hurumende

Chimwe chikuru minda yebasa (pfungwa nezvakatongwa zviremera akasimbisa izvi) ndiro mureza ezvinhu.

Kuita mirairo President of Russian Federation, vamiririri Ushumiri muchirongwa kuongorora ongororo kuti zvinodiwa kuti normative nomutemo mabasa nokuda legality noruremekedzo pevane pamutemo zviridzwa. Uye ichi rinongoshandisirwa mabasa avo, vanotumwa kuti siginicha mutungamiri nyika uye harisati vakapfuura dariro racho. Nokuti indasitiri zvinosanganisirawo simba kudzokorora RF Government vaitaura pamusoro mukuvandudza zvemitemo basa. Mvumo Ministry of Justice uye kupa pfungwa iri kudiwa ichi kana kuti rugwaro, tuzvikonzero hwokunyora pfungwa yake maonero chimiro.

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, hazvishamisi kuti zviremera zvenyika Russian Federation of Justice vane simba pasina kuva zvikwereti, izvo vakabva pasi kuti nezvomunhu Hurumende Russian. unyanzvi Legal kuti ritsigire legality mabasa pamutemo ndechokuti kana chero kusawirirana (RF Constitution, yeUnited mutemo, uye zvichingodaro) muviri vakapfuura gwaro, munhu akakurukura mhedziso. Somugumisiro, nhengo dzose, izvo vakagamuchira ichi kana zvimwe chiito chepamutemo kunodiwa kutumira kopi kuna Ministry of Justice.

Rimwe basa ndiye Implementation kwebasa chokuita systematization mitemo. Saka, ruramisiro Russian Federation ine chete pamahombekombe pamutemo mabasa ehurumende, apo vose vanogona kuzivana nevamwe vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo. Uyezve, ushumiri Justice vanoshandiswa ubatanidzwe mabasa ari kugadzirira uye bhuku Code of Russian Federation mitemo.

Kudzora madhipatimendi uye masangano mumunda

The Implementation kuti basa iri akarondedzera normative basa matare zvakananga, sezvo kudzora rinoitwa kusanganisira kuburikidza pokutarira zvaidiwa departmental NAP of RF Constitution, mutemo yeUnited uye nemirau yacho Government. Chete pashure cheki rakazara "romunzvimbo" ari bhiri, pamwe mvumo matare zviremera nepano padariro mukuru bhuku. mabasa avo, izvo zvisina kare vakanyorwa Zvisinei, pasinei kusawirirana zvokutonga simba, akaitwa pachena, havana pamutemo simba, uye saka vasiri kutevedzera hazvirevi kunotoreva basa.

Local kuzvidzora chiri kuitwa neHurumende kunyoresa mitemo avo;-Russian zvose, Inter-kwematunhu uye dzakawanda masangano. Uyewo, chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira masangano ezvitendero. Kana pokuramba wehurumende kunyoresa dzidzo dzechitendero rinofanira pakarepo kurega mabasa avo, zvimwe mubatanidzwa anowana mamiriro kapoka yechitendero kuti haana kodzero zviripo Russia.

Chimwe chimiro rokudzora ndiyo Implementation wehurumende simba mumunda kunyoresa ezvokutengeserana uye noncommercial masangano. Data All zvakakodzera inozviisa fanira kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa vabatane State Register of Legal masangano.

Achaunganidza Service somunhu STRUCTURAL che Bazi Justice

Pane zvakawanda matambudziko nezvaakatonga zviremera nokuti kuti vane zvakawanda mashoko bhuku delineate riri nyore chaizvo pakati madhipatimendi kana masangano. Kuti kujekesa nemamiriro uchishandisa Unit, zvakakodzera taura yoga dhipatimendi, inova chikamu ezvinhu Bazi Justice - ndiye Federal Bailiffs Service.

The chikuru basa iri STRUCTURAL chikwata ndehwokuti nechokwadi zvaidiwa hurongwa roruvanze zvekufamba, aurayiwe mhosva mirango muchimiro yakanaka, uyewo Implementation vamwe zviyero nekurovererwa.

Sangano uye Kufambisa mabasa inoshandiswa huri Federal Mutemo "On Bailiffs", uyewo mune zvemitemo mabasa yokudzora basa rawo zvekufamba.

Sechivako ichi STRUCTURAL chikwata chinosanganisira:

1. Department Main pakati bailiffs, chokuita zvakananga Bazi Justice of Russian Federation.
2. Chikonzi Service dzamavanze zvechiuto.
3. Achaunganidza Service, riri pasi munzvimbo: iri romunharaunda kana dunhu mahofisi.

Vatariri vose vari mapoka mapoka maviri, zvichienderana mabasa yavanobata:

• Bailiffs, izvo zvinopa kugadzikana mabasa uye kushanda dzamavanze, nezvakatongwa muzvirongwa.
• Nemapurisa, avo vanobvumirwa kuita aurayiwe mhosva mirango muchimiro fines uye dzimwe sarudzo oruvanze.

Kuti pave murayiro hwakapiwa bailiffs vane pamutemo chikonzero kushandisa mumuviri simba Somuenzaniso, kuramba hurongwa mudare.

Criminally-Executive hurongwa somumwe zvinhu zvakarurama

Mujeri hurongwa chinomirirwa nechepakati hofisi, ane chikuru basa - kuti muchiita zviitwa uye ekufambisa kukura ehurumende Mutemo nokure vaurayiwe uye kushumira mhosva mitsara. Kuwedzera rinodzora, mumajere kunounza siyana nemasangano zvakananga yatevedzerwa tsotsi mirango, uyewo nokushandisa mamwe matanho pasi mutemo mhosva. The nechepakati chikwata anomiririrwa ari oga dhipatimendi rinonzi Federal Executive basa, iro anewo imwe hierarchical marongerwo.

Mitambo mis une zvinotevera:

1. Kuuraya kwechirango asina chokuita yezve rusununguko. Kazhinji, chikuru basa rakapiwa STRUCTURAL dzakabatana anomiririrwa mujeri inspections kuti atungamirire ndizvidavirire kudzora kugadzirisa vanhu andotongerwa rokumanikidzirwa, kwokururamisa basa, akavarambidza rusununguko uye zvichingodaro.
2. Achipa mhosva mirango chokuita voga munzanga, sangano mabasa nemasangano kuti vatevedzere uye kushumira mutongo asungwa dare pane imwe muchimiro ari correctional tsika.
3. Vaiwanzouraya mumwe murayiro wedare parimandi muchitokisi nekuronga kushanda yevasungwa nzvimbo, uyewo zvimwe masimba.
4. Implementation pamusoro mis mudonzvo pamahombekombe ipapo takapfugama tikanyengetera kuti mhosva yokusungwa mutirongo.
5. Resocialization vasungwa uye mokudzokera nzanga pashure kushumira tsotsi mutongo.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti apa mazita mabasa hakuna dzoga, sezvo mujeri gadziriro chinomiririrwa masangano bazi dzakapfirirwa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kwesayenzi Institutes of FSIN, kumayunivhesiti, pamutemo mitumbi yacho, uye zvichingodaro.