Zvirwere Bee dzavo kurapwa. disinfection kuti mikoko

mhando dzakasiyana nyuchi zvirwere ndiwo dambudziko chairo nyuchi ose. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vakawanda vavo vachiri usingazivi. Panyaya iyi, zviratidzo zvirwere zvakawanda nyuchi dzinopenya mashoko haina anozivikanwa, uye kune chinoabatsira kuzviziva zvakaoma. Izviwo, kungaita kuti kufirwa makumi mhuri nokuda hazvibviri nechirwere mukuvamba nezvishoma.

The inonyanya nyuchi zvirwere zvavo kurapwa

To musi, Breeders vakatsausa akawandisa akaomarara uye akaomarara mhando rezvipembenene izvi. Vazhinji vavo vanogona rakasanganiswa kusanganisira Russia. To ose zvirwere zvose ano mhando nyuchi, sezvinei, zvakanaka yakatsiga. Zvisinei, vamwe chirwere, zvinosuwisa, zvingava zvichiri kuitika pamusoro apiaries, uye kazhinji.

The inonyanya mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii nyuchi vanorwara apiaries vari:

• Varroa;

• American uye European foulbrood;

• nosema;

• askosferoz.

zvirwere zvose izvi zvikuru ngozi uye anogona kuderedza negoho remhuri. Treatment nyuchi kubva varroatosis, foulbrood, nosema chirwere uye zvimwe zvirwere vanofanira kutanga pakarepo mushure vasabatwa vokutanga zviratidzo. Inogona kuitwa kuposha zvinodhaka maindasitiri uye zvavo mishonga.

Zvinokonzera Varroa infestation

Izvi zvakanga zvirwere nengozi uye zvakajairika kare rakanyorwa mazana emabhuku. Akaitumidza pamuShuramiti Varroa destructor, mumwe chisvetasimba pamusoro kushanda nyuchi, drones, mazana uye pupae. In nyika yedu, chirwere yakatanga muMagwaro 1964 uye kuti musi ndicho ari apiaries.

Varroa chirwere kunoitika uchikurukura mhuka utano vairwara. Kazhinji izvi ibvire nokuba Nyuchi nezvimwe apiaries wo pedyo placement pakati mumukoko kana tichishanyira tumbuyu zvakafanana uchi miti.

Huru Zviratidzo

Kunoratidza kuti chirwere zvinosuwisa kwete kamwe. Zviratidzo zvake wokutanga kunogona kuonekwa chete pashure gore kana maviri pashure chirwere. Huru Zviratidzo zviri varroatosis:

• kuti chidzoke mumhuri mhuka shata;

• emaciation nyuchi;

• lesion mugove rakavhurika mazana (mazana anoora);

• vakawandisa akafa mazana pamusoro dzinotama purangazve.

Visual rokuongorora rezvipembenene hunogona kungoparara dzakaonekwa uye vakawanda chishambwe.

How kubvisa apiyari yenyu Varroa destructor

Kurapa renyuchi kubva varroatosis - muitiro zvikuru kumbooma. Kazhinji Vamwe pevairwara nzira iyi nyaya haisi kukwana. Anzi kuchirapa kushanda muna chirwere ichi zvibereko chezvematongerwe chete chinokosha maindasitiri zvigadzirwa. Pamusoro kuonekwa pakati utachiona apiyari yenyu nyuchi Varroa mhuri anowanzodanwa kushandiswa pachishandiswa mhando mbiri:

• amitrazovye;

• fluvalinatovye.

Based amitraz akaita zvinodhaka vanobudirira akadai "Aqua-Flo", "Bipin-T" uye "Apimaks". Bee mirayiridzo kushandisa mari idzi zvakanaka nyore. Kuvhiringidzwa vane zvakanaka chaizvo. Kushandisa fluvalinate kuti mishonga yakadai se "Api-San", "Varropol", "Fumisan".

Kuwedzera zvinodhaka yakananga, kubata nyuchi kubva varroatosis aiwanzoshandisa uyewo formic acid. Izvi zvinoreva pamusoro urongwa ikarapwa. Vaporized, formic iine acid kuuraya mites mu nyuchi mazana kunyange.

Drug "Bipin-T": mirayiridzo kushandiswa

It ibhuku yaishandiswa varroatosis nyuchi kakawanda. Rinoshandiswa muchirimo kana matsutso apo pasina mazana mumhuri. Nokuti kurapika rakasanganiswa 1 Rine mamiririta muna 2 litres mvura inodziya. Zvinoguma samafuta chena zvokunwa. Izvi mhinduro yakanga kupinza sirinji uye akanwisa zvazvingava mumukoko 10 muzana Rine mamiririta mumwe mugwagwa. Mushure memazuva 7, muitiro inodzokororwa. Nokuti migumisiro yakanakisisa, mishonga iri kudiwa kuitwa kaviri - kamwe pashure pokukohwa uchi, kechipiri - pamberi inoshandiswa pakutsigira mhuri muchando.

"Bipin-T", mirayiridzo kushandiswa kuri saka nyore, kwete kushandiswa mikoko asingasviki 3-4 mumigwagwa.

Rinoreva "Apimaks": sei kushandisa

Chokwadi, "Bipin-T" - hazvina chete akakurumbira pakati venyuchi mishonga. Madzivirirwe kurapwa varroatosis nezvimwe zvirwere (semuenzaniso, nosema, askosferoza, foulbrood) - iri pamusoro riri kazhinji zvinodhaka "Apimaks" rinoshandiswa. Bee mirayiridzo kushandiswa nayo sezvizvi:

• 0.1 L nebharisami anofanira hwakakanyiwa 10 litres shuga mhinduro (50%);

• kunoguma musanganiswa akanga vanofanira kuisa mukati inokosha vanongodya uzviise mukoko.

American uye European foulbrood: hunokonzera chirwere

Kazhinji chaizvo chirwere nyuchi. Uye kurapwa kwavo, uye kudzivirira dzinoitirwa zvimwe ruzivo, ziva kuti vanosungirwa ose nyuchi. The causative nomumiririri American foulbrood chinhu utachiona Bacillus mazana, European - Melissococcus plutonius. Controversy wokutanga utachiona hwakakura anogona kuramba tichishingaira kwemakore akawanda. Vakafa mazana, ivo Somuenzaniso, kuramba mupenyu kwemakore 30. The causative nomumiririri foulbrood European kufa nokukurumidza. Saka, mbatya nyuchi anogona kurarama asina kupfuura mazuva 95. Adult zvipembenene zvose pakubhadhara izvi utachiona vasingavhiringidzwi. Sick American uye European foulbrood chete mazana.

The kukonzera chirwere ichi nyaya vari:

• kuba nyuchi;

• chinja spores diki tumbuyu;

• zvokudya utachiona uchi;

• kushanda mumukoko nemaoko akasviba.

Zviratidzo zviri chirwere

The chikuru zviratidzo zvechirwere American uye European foulbrood ndiwo:

• kuvapo dzakawanda akafa mazana ari mumasero;

• kuvapo risingafadzi viscous muvhenganiswa pazasi sero;

• achiipa kuti wakisi cappings uye chitarisiko makomba mavari.

Gniltsovye nyuchi zvirwere (dzavo kurapwa, uye kudzivirira - mutariri nzira) inogona chirwere kusanganisira discolouration ari mazana ose integument.

mabatiro

Paradza zvakaora tichibatsirwa zvinodhaka hazvigoneki chete. Chokwadi chokuti gakava Utachiona makemikari musaparadza. Saka, asi disinfection kuti mikoko pachiimbwa mishonga kunobatsira zvinobudirira kukunda zvirwere izvi nyuchi. Uye kurapwa kwavo, uye kudzivirira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvinofanira kusanganisira mitambo inotevera:

• pakusikwa ezvinhu kudzivisa sporulation;

• kugadzira zvinoreva mikoko, achiparadza spores.

Sezvo mushonga mishonga nenyuchi nyuchi kubva foulbrood dzinowanzoshandiswa:

• sulfathiazole;

• norsulfazol;

• tetracycline;

• erythromycin.

Used nzira izvi zvinogona ari muchimiro kuturika ari shuga manyuchi, upfu kana kwakajairika mhinduro.

Disinfection mikoko utachiwana foulbrood, amakavaitira formaldehyde (4 kana 10%). Panyaya iyi, iyo simbi dziri kupatsanurwa ne unopfuta. Clothes pashure kushanyira apiyari nyuchi inofanira steamed 30 min. Chete nzira kazhinji ishande uye ekudzivirira foulbrood.

VaBennett chirwere mikoko nosema

chirwere ichi ndicho Inonyanya pamusoro apiaries, shure iyo isiri zvitarisirwe zvakanaka. Kunoita nosema nyuchi, iyo kurapwa rinoitwa zviri nyore pane foulbrood kana Somuenzaniso, varroatosis utachiona Nosema APIs. Anogara uye anowedzera achinyanya ari nemarara nyuchi vanorwara. Kazhinji zvinokonzera chirwere vari mumukoko nosema:

• mwando mukati memukoko;

• kuperevedza mukume muchirimo;

• untested chikafu.

Uyewo kukonzera zvirwere nyuchi vaigona remvura uye vhuvhuta ekunze muzhizha uye chando, kungoerekana kuchinja tembiricha.

zviratidzo nosema

Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa chimiro chirwere iziviswe zviratidzo hakusi. Panyaya iyi, mhuri iri kazhinji zvishoma kusimba, uye kakawanda zvakafanira kutsiva dumbu. Asi kakawanda pamusoro apiaries achiri inoita rikwanise fomu nosema. Nyuchi iyi nyaya:

• Ivo havachakwanisi nendege;

• mune kunyonganiswa kumhanyira pamusoro mukoko;

• kutanga zvizhinji imomo;

• manyoka.

Kwapera nguva mushure kutanga izvi zviratidzo tupukanana vanourayiwa.

nosema kurapwa

Kuti tikurire chirwere ichi mu apiyari yenyu:

• zvokudya nyuchi anopa shuga mukanyiwa zvakafanana norwonzi pamwe nemishonga maro;

• dzifambirane yevagari, nokusimudza mikoko vaduku vanamambokadzi.

Matanho ose aya ari panzvimbo pfupi nguva kubvisa mhuri zvirwere zvakadai ngozi sezvo nosema nyuchi. kurapwa kwayo zvinonyanya kubudirira kana kushandiswa asingaurayiwi "fumagillin-B."

Zvikonzero askosferozom chirwere

chirwere ichi chinoita kuti chakuvhe mu mumukoko Ascosphaera APIs. Akarova dzakawanda mazana ose drones nemakore 3 kusvika 4 mazuva. Chirwere kunoitika kuburikidza rwokunze integument. Mazana pamwe germinated chakuvhe pamuviri yavo vanorasikirwa elasticity yavo, kufa uye yakaoma. Kutsamwisa fungal chirwere ichi vanokwanisa:

• mhuri simba;

• mazhinji kutonhora panguva pamatunhu mwando.

Huru Zviratidzo chirwere

Kutsanangura chii mukoko utachiona askosferozom anogona anotevera chikonzero:

• vakawanda mortalities ose mazana pashure rokupedzisira moult;

• "Kwengoro" yakanaka masero chisimbiso (nokuda mazana kuomeswa).

How kurapa askosferoz

Help chakuvhe utachiona Ascosphaera APIs mumukoko vane Kazhinji dressings zvipembenene shuga ine weupfu kugadzirira "nystatin" kuburikidza. Unogona kutenga nayo nokushanyira chero chitoro nyuchi. Zviri zvakare mushonga wakanaka chirwere ichi anonzi yarrow (upfu vakapararira mumigwagwa).

chirwere Prevention

Kuitira kudzivisa kupararira chirwere chipi, apiyari yenyu, Chokwadi, vanofanira kutanga kutevedza zvinodiwa utsanana uye utsanana. To avo vanosanganisira:

• yakarurama placement akawanda apiyari yenyu;

• ayo nguva nenguva disinfection;

• utsanana dzichifura.

How kuisa imwe apiyari nemazvo

The inonyanya nyuchi zvirwere uye dzavo zviratidzo, uye avo kurapwa - ndiwo chinhu tava nawo akabata kupfuura zvizere. Asi, chokwadi, zviri nani kuti kuedza hutachiwana ari apiyari zvachose, pane kuedza kuti vabvise nayo. Dzivirirai nyuchi pazvirwere vanogona, zvikurukuru, uye kusarudza nzvimbo zvakanaka mikoko. Simbisai mhuri inofanira kutanga pedyo uchi muunganidzwa, ine hapana chepfu kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza nezvipukanana.

Nharaunda Pasechnaya ndima iri yemanyorero 2-3? Km. nharaunda iyi, kuwedzera kune uchi aibuda mupfumi, vanofanira kuva vanhu pasina zvaibvira kupararira chirwere foci:

• mitumbi hombe remvura;

• mikuru zvikuru;

• farmyards.

utsanana Kudya

In yechando, akaisa nyuchi anosiya 25-30 makirogiramu uchi. Uyewo mumukoko zvinofanira kuvapo imwe mari yakakwana mukume. Muzhizha nyuchi vanofanira nechokwadi nyore kuwana mvura. Muidire kazhinji iri rinokosha doro nembiya dziri kuiswa pedyo kwemukoko.

disinfection

nzira iyi akaita kazhinji zviri kuwa mushure flyby. Pasi disinfect dzose simbi uye yematanda zvokushandisa, kusanganisira mikoko pachavo. Rokutanga zvose zvinhu kubatwa, varikwizire ari suds. Last vakazvigadzirirwa kufashaira padurunhuru mhinduro (1 hr. To 2 hr. Water). Kuita kudzivirira zvirwere iri apiyari vanogonawo Bee vanoshanyira chitoro uye kutenga formalin mhinduro (1%) kana ayodhini monochloride (1%). Mikoko, mushure kugeza pamwe vasingatsigiri nevamiririri izvi zvaive nokutambidzwa tarmac. Kwavanofudza aoma, uye ipapo mberi kune chaiko kurapwa kunouraya utachiona nzira.

Disinfection mikoko, simbi uye yematanda zvokushandisa yemanyorero musanganiswa rehydrogen peroxide (10%) uye formic asidhi (0.5%). Processing zvinoreva kuti pave kaviri chete penguva 1 hr. Preparation chemhinduro sprayed kwazvo pamwe midziyo uye mikoko. Pashure 4 chasa zvose aibata zvinhu nemvura.

Kuwedzera, kudzivisa kupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira muna apiyari kwematsutso zvakakodzera kuita disinfection uye ivhu pasi mikoko avo, umo varwere ukaonekwa muzhizha nyuchi. Muchiitiko chino, pane mishonga (38%) pa mwero 5 kg por 1 mamita akaenzana. The zvakaipa izvi zvinoreva pasi anofanira vachera kuti kudzika 5 cm.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Nokudaro, tiri kuwana kubva ndedzipi vakawanda zvirwere nyuchi. Uye kurapwa kwavo uye kudzivirira kunofanira kuitwa maererano zvimwe ruzivo. Kutsakatiswe chirwere ari mukoko kazhinji nevanhu mishonga uye kwazvo disinfection. Inogona kushandiswa kurwisa nyuchi zvirwere uye zvavo mishonga. Zvisinei, achishandisa nzira dzakadaro vanofanira chaizvoizvo chete somunhu adjunct kurapwa zvikuru inoshanda maindasitiri gadziriro.