Bleach, ayo physico-makemikari pokushandisa zvivako

Bleach rave kunzi karusiyamu hypochlorite kana bleaching upfu. Kunyange zvazvo zvapedzisira izwi haisi chaizvo zvakanaka, nekuti nefuma chinhu chisinganzwisisiki musanganiswa uye zvinosanganisira kwete chete hypochlorite (Ca (ClO) 2), asi oxychloride (CaClO), chloride (CaCl2), karusiyamu hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2). Uyewo anogona kuvapo sechinhu iron chloride (III), izvo anomupa munhu yellowish tint. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, remubatanidzwa ichi chine uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro, ine hwema simba kuiisa chlorine uye dziberekane kazhinji chena. The mvura urwa chete karusiyamu hypochlorite, kuti kuiisa chlorine akabudiswa mumhepo, uye nengaidzo vanoumba musanganiswa vakaumba gobvu precipitate - slurry.

Kana yakananga chiedza chezuva perchloric madota zvabudiswa okisijeni, uye pamusoro muchidziisa payo uchiora pamwe Kushanduka kupisa, izvo zvingaita kuti kuputika. Nezvenyaya iyi, nefuma zvinofanira kuchengetwerwa murima, inotonhorera (unheated) uye ventilated makamuri. Kana kushanda bleaching upfu inofanira kushandiswa pakudzivirira ganda, kufema hurongwa, kunyanya naye pakuburitswa neyokufambisa zvivako.

Mumaonero wekemisitiri dhibi mumiririri ane nzira chakanyorwa CaCl (OCl), chokuita yakavhenganiswa (kaviri) munyu, i.e., Rine anions maviri. Uyewo, remubatanidzwa uyu oxidant simba anokwanisa munzvimbo alkaline mhinduro kutendeutsa MnO (manganese oxide (II)) → MnO2 (manganese oxide (IV)); nokuda kuita pamwe Organic zvinhu kuti combustion yavo. By maitiro pamwe sulfuric kana hydrochloric acids kunoitika kuiisa chlorine kusarudzwa: Ca (ClO) Cl + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.

Izvi zvinhu akanga vakazvigadzirirwa chlorination kweShanduro karusiyamu hydroxide. Zvakadaro kwacho kwakanyorwa inotengwa chibi mamakisi matatu - 26, 32 uye 35% pane basa kuiisa chlorine (uwandu yakaisvonaka kuiisa chlorine aburitswa chiito pamusoro musanganiswa ichi HCl kana H2SO4 acid). Chimwe chinetso ichi zvinhu ndechokuti zvava kushingaira pamusoro kuchengetwa chloro, 5-10% pagore. Edza tikurire iyi achisunungura akanatsiridzwa kutsiga chigadzirwa nokuisa kuiisa chlorine gasi kuburikidza kuturika pamusoro Ca (OH) 2. Active kuiisa chlorine mu mukomboni Saka kuwana iri 45-70%. Chimwe drawback izvi zvinhu ndechokuti kwahunokonzera ngura yacho simbi corrodes, uye donje micheka. Naizvozvo, vanorichengeta nenzira emapuranga mudziyo, mapurasitiki midziyo kana mapepa akasungirwa uye package.

Bleach rinoratidza bactericidal uye sporicidal zvivako takatsunga nokuvapo hypochlorous asidhi uye okisijeni iri mhinduro. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, zvinonzi zvinowanzoshandiswa wokunatswa tsvina mvura kubva siyana tsvina uye dzokurapwa masangano ari disinfectant (kupatsanurwa pamusoro, paruzhinji dzezvimwe). Also kushandiswa sezvo mishonga iri kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinyama pulp nebepa.

Saka, chibis - ndiko kunzwisisa musanganiswa kuti mishonga chaizvo fuma uye akava simba oxidant ehupfumi. In aqueous mhinduro hydrolyses yokuumba hypochlorous asidhi (NS1O). With kuwedzera tembiricha (kudziyisa) uye pasi zvinoitwa chezuva uchiora, muchisunungura okisijeni uye kuiisa chlorine.