Sanganisa sulfuric asidhi

Hauoneki viscous mvura, kubika tembiricha chiri 269,2 ° C, uye yakananga giravhiti - 1,83 g / Rine mamiririta panguva ambient tembiricha (20º) - iri sulfuric acid. Utsotso pfungwa fuma iri 10,3ºS chete.

Padanho wevasungwa ose sulfuric asidhi kunonyanya kubva kutituma kushandiswa aro kemisitiri uye mumaindasitiri kugadzirwa. Kazhinji, pane mbiri dzinokosha kwakajairika nekupesana wevasungwa yomuropa, kunyange tisingatauri musayenzi pfungwa, vakayambusa kusanganiswa musiyano pakati pavo hazvibviri. Maererano ichi kupatsanura dzinounzwa sanganisa sulfuric asidhi kuisa sulfuric acid.

Kuwadzana zvinoverengeka nesimbi akadai simbi, zingi, magnesium, fuma iyi anosunungura rehydrogen panguva kuita. Somuenzaniso, nokuda kuita pamwe simbi maitiro kunoitika, ane nzira zvakanyorwa sezvinotevera: Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti sanganisa sulfuric acid, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva ehupfumi ayo ave simba oxidizer chaizvoizvo asingadi sei pamwe simbi pamwe yakaderera basa - mhangura, sirivha, nendarama.

Sezvo simba oxidant, mukomboni anokwanisa oxidizing refu chaizvo pasi nesimbi, pfuma iyi inoita zvinowanzoshandiswa muminda maindasitiri kugadzirwa siyana.

Kazhinji, nokuda kuita pamwe mishonga vanoshingaira zvinhu, zvakadai magnesium kana yavaibvisa, somugumisiro wacho redox zvakaitwa yaunganidzwa nesarufa oxide (IV), uye kana izvi vanoshingaira zvinhu vari nesimbi, kunoguma zvakaitwa unobereka rehydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) nesarufa (S ). vanoshingaira nesimbi ava calcium, potassium, magnesium kare ataurwa uye nevamwe.

Anhydrous, kana zvikasadaro kunonzi, zvikuru kuramba sulfuric acid, simba kana substantially asingadi kushamwaridzana nesimbi, akadai simbi, nekuti simbi ine pasi chaizvo namakemikari basa. Mugumisiro mukukurukurirana avo vanogona kushumira chete paumbwe pose chiwanikwa ine simbi, yakasimba firimu, umo makemikari anoumba zvinosanganisira oxides. Izvi imhaka yokuti rakasanganiswa sulfuric acid, uye zvikuru kuramba akachengetwa uye zvifambiswe mumidziyo zvinganaka chakagadzirwa nezvakasiyana: titanium, aruminiyamu, nickel.

fuma iyi anokwanisa oxidize vasiri nesimbi, uye kunyange kuratidza kwavo oxidative ehupfumi munyika zvinoitwa kunzwisisa zvinhu, ndedzipi yokuderedza nevamiririri. Unhu siyana kwakadaro kunotemwa nezviri ukuru wevasungwa, chine sanganisa sulfuric asidhi neimwe nyaya. Ukuwo, munhu fuma, pasinei wevasungwa pamwero ane vakawanda maitiro zvivako akadzadzwa dzimwe acids. Somuenzaniso, zviri anokwanisa kuwadzana oxides, kutungamirira voga pakati munyu. Ndizvowo zvinoitika muna kudyidzana pamwe hydroxides. Uyezve, sanganisa sulfuric acid, iyo nzira yokuita iyo H2SO4, ari dibasic remubatanidzwa izvo unoumba mumwe hunhu chete ehupfumi ayo aiita zvimwe zvinhu. Huru Mabasa kuti kuchaguma munyu pamusoro mukukurukurirana aya vakaumba marudzi maviri svikiro (a kuramba acid), munyu - sulfates uye rakasanganiswa kuna - asidhi munyu, hydrosulfates.

Sezvatotaurwa, sanganisa sulfuric asidhi - inoshandiswa inokosha uye kwakapararira pamusoro chigadzirwa iri makemikari indasitiri. Kushandiswa mune dzimwe maindasitiri sectors uyewo chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Saka, rinoshandiswa mune zvaAtemisi chakagadzirwa fibers, uye-siyana mapurasitiki, fetiraiza, madhayi. Acid ehupfumi akabvunza ari zvaAtemisi zvinoputika. Munguva metallurgia indasitiri zviri chinokosha kugadzirwa nesimbi, asiwo anoshandiswa nevakawanda sezvo gasi Dryer.

Dérivés ose sulfuric asidhi - sulphate - uchipinda kushandiswa mune zvokurima, maindasitiri - kweShanduro pendi, bepa, rabha, plaster, uye zvakawanda.