Nhoroondo pakudzidza Africa. Research nevafambi Russian mu Africa

Africa - kure uye asinganzwisisiki kondinendi imwe, iyo akazarura chakavanzika wayo vokuEurope ichangobva. Kusvikira rimwe emakore mashoma apfuura, paiva pasina zvakawanda mepu, kunyange mufananidzo zvekumwe dzinopisa ari kondinendi African. Nhoroondo kudzidza kondinendi izere zviitiko zvinonakidza uye kujairika mashoko kutarisirwa. Table (Africa tsvakurudzo inoitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana) anogona kuitwa kuti kunzwisisa. Saka unogona kuwana pfungwa mukuru uyo akadzidza kondinendi, uye isu funga navo uwane kudzidza.

Kuenda East Africa

Muzana nemanomwe remakore, vokuEurope dzaisava zvose zvakafanira mashoko nenzvimbo. zvidzidzo African, kunyanya zvine chokuita Mediterranean nyika chete. Naizvozvo, vaongorori vakawanda vakatsvaka kuti kondinendi uwane mamwe mashoko. Panoperera nemanomwe chiremba remakore French ainzi Charles Zhak Ponse Etiopia akasimbisa kubatana pamwe Gungwa reMediterranean (aimbova Portuguese chete akaenda Red). Kubatana wechechi yeRoma basa, musayendisiti akakwira Nairi, vakayambuka Nubian murenje uye yakaguma guru, apo murwere akaporesa Emperor Ieyasu kutanga. zvimwe rwendo Its akatumwa Dzvuku, umo akaita rwendo dzose kuna Portuguese Lower Egipita, uye kubva ikoko akadzokera kuFrance.

Zvichitevera nyanzvi akatora kudzidza Africa, akava wokuScotland Dzheyms Bryus. Zvinofadza kuti akanga ari chiremba, uyewo Ponce. Akadzidza nzira kubva Alexandria kusvikira paItiopia, akadzingira revafambi renje muArabhia, vakashanyira kuchamhembe pamahombekombe Dzvuku, zvemakore mumhenderekedzo yegungwa zviuno. Nokufamba okurapa, iyewo vakashanyira Lake Tana. nyaya yake iri kuwanikwa Africa inorondedzerwa mubhuku "Kuenda kuvhura rweNile muna 1768-1773 gg.", yakabudiswa muna 1790. Chimiro basa iri Akakwezva geographers kuti kondinendi uye akanga pokutangira wandei zveBhaibheri zvitsva.

Kudzidza White Nile

Kuruboshwe kumahombekombe Bahr-eri-Abyad vagara vokuEurope "asinganzwisisiki nyika." Belyy kn kwave chokuita zvakasiyana-siyana Ethiopia kuti dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. The European wokutanga akapfuura mumwe wavo, yaiva wokuEngland, William Dzhordzh Braun. Aida kuongorora Darfur, asi mubati munyika waimurambidza kudaro. In guru, pasi zita El-Fasher akiyorojisiti ndaifanira kupedza sezvo Sultan haana kumubvumira kuti adzokere kuIjipiti makore matatu. Pasinei nezvirambidzo zvakadaro zvidzidzo African, Brown akaunganidzawo chaizvo zvinokosha Data nokuda mushumo. Kusvikira maviri ari namapfumbamwe remakore, nokurondedzera Darfur, riri munharaunda Sudan ano, ndiye chete.

West Africa

Kusvikira nemisere remakore, vokuEurope aiziva chete nechikamu wakakomberedza pool of Gambia River. Geographical nzvimbo uye kudzidza Africa kwave nyaya mubereko Stibsa wokuEngland Bartholomew, uyo muna 1723 ichiteverwa 500 makiromita mberi vakadzidza pamberi nenharaunda uye paakasvika gomo massif pamusoro Fouta Djallon. Akawana kuti Zimbabwe haisi akarondedzera Niger uye rinotanga kumwewo pedyo. In pekufa yokufamba ake British vakuru Smith & Leach, vakanyora mamiriro ayo uye akabata chaiyo Coordonatele kworwizi muna 1732. Wandei mupiro kuruboshwe French. tsvakurudzo yavo pfungwa Africa Senegal dhishi, pamusoro idzo vadzidza muudzame colonialists. Features anoratidza Andre Bru, aimbova mukuru mukuru wokutengesera kambani. Akadzidza Atlantic mhenderekedzo akava European wokutanga ndiani atanga kutozoedza kupinda mukati menzvimbo kondinendi nokuda mujinga mbiru. Mishumo ake chikabatwa mumishinari Zhan Batist laba, uyo akanyora bhuku kwakavakirwa dzavo "tsananguro itsva West Africa." Basa yakabudiswa muna 1728 uye rava chinokosha yokuwana mashoko pamusoro nzvimbo.

The chidzoke of African Association

Vakawanda mukati kumatunhu yacho yakaramba unexplored kunyange yechipiri yezana namasere remakore. Kuti mberi pakudzidza Africa, rayakavambwa Association of Joseph Banks. Aifanira kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda. Chekutanga, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuwana zvinyorwa zviri White Nile. Chechipiri, zvisingazivikanwi vaiva chaiyo Coordonatele of Niger River. Chechitatu, ndiye akanga unexplored Congo uye Zambezi. Pakupedzisira, zvakanga zvakafanira kuongorora mutero mikuru nzizi African kuona zvinobvira Links. The chinonyanya kukosha kubata nharaunda yakapoteredza Niger. Naizvozvo, African Association akatuma akawanda nzendo ikoko. kuedza zvose dzakaguma rufu Vafambi kana kungoti pasina kutungamirira. Scot Mungo Park akakokwa tsvakurudzo. Akaenda kumabvazuva akatasva bhiza, achiperekedzwa navaranda African. Kubudirira rwendo rwake Mungo vanosungirwa kutevera pfungwa munzvimbo vasina aiva vaMuslim. Saka aikwanisa kuwana Niger. Kudzokera kuEngland, akabudisa bhuku "Rwendo zvakadzama Africa muna 1795-1797 gg.", Asi dzimwe nzvimbo ndaramba zvisingazivikanwi kwaari.

Portuguese mupiro

List vanhu vakadzidza yakaoma, zvinosanganisira vanhu vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Kudzidza yakaitiswa Africa uye Portuguese. Kuedza dzavo vave vakanyora mamiriro ayo nembiya of Congo River, kuti CPA uye Cuango. Uyezve, akaongorora Portuguese guta Angola - Benguela uye Luanda. Vaita tsvakurudzo uye vaparidzi, capuchin. Vakabvumirwa kuti afambe mambo Portuguese. Mumwe capuchin, rokuItari Giovanni Antonio Kavatstsi, vakadzidza yose Angola, pashure iro yakabudisa yakarurama zvikuru kucherechedza. Haidereri vakabudirira Portuguese Akaongorora Zambezi bheseni, apo vaitsvaka ndarama rakashanda. Makadhi dzavo vakabvumira kuti kunzwisisa chikamu chino kondinendi zvakanaka.

Kumaodzanyemba yacho

History yakawanikwa uye kutsvakurudza Africa munzvimbo yacho Cape of Good Hope riri chokuita Dutch. Ikoko akatanga musha, yava kuzivikanwa Cape Town. Uye pakanga chikuru rwendo kupinda zvakadzamisisa kumatunhu yacho. Pakazosvika pakati pezana namasere remakore yeDutch vakakwanisa kuronga zvose romumhenderekedzo yegungwa kunharaunda. Kunyanya hunoshamisa aiva rwendo kubva Frederick Augustus Beutler, uyo akaita kuti Guru Kei River. Olifants River yakavhurwa kubudikidza Jan Dantkartom uye Orange akawana Jacob Coetzee. To kuchamhembe yeDutch akawana wamboonekwa Namkavalend kubhadhara zvakawanda, asi zvino havana kutamira kupisa.

Madagascar

Nhoroondo kutsvakurudza Africa zvaisazova kwakakwana pasina ichitsvaka chitsuwa. Akasvinudzwa French ake. Etienne Flakur akaita nzendo dzakawanda vakabudirira kusvikira dzokumaruwa kwechitsuwa chacho, uye muna 1658 akabudisa "The History of chitsuwa Mukuru Madagascar," apo rondedzero yakatodzama zvose akadzidza pamberi. Izvi gwaro rinokosha, iyo ichiri kuonekwa chaizvo. Somugumisiro dzakaitwa rechiFrench akakwanisa kusimbisa pakudzorwa kwechitsuwa chacho, uye Madagascar akava yepamutemo yaitongwa.

nomupiro Russian

Nyika dzakawanda vakatumirwa risingazivikanwi kondinendi rwendo. Yakanga asingasiyi, uye Russian hweRoma. African Studies of vafambi Russian kwakakonzerwa siyana nenharaunda. Central nharaunda akadzidza Kovalevsky, uyo akanga vakakokwa kupikidura pakati mumigodhi mutongi weIjipiti goridhe. Akanga ari Cairo, ari Nubian Desert, Berbera uye Khartoum iye, akadzidza Pool Tumat uye ukasvika aro okumusoro kunosvika, akava wokutanga European kuti mberi saka kure. Mumwe musayendisiti yakakurumbira vakava Tsenkovsky, uyo akadzidza Valley rwaNire. Akapinza zvinoshamisa muunganidzwa Russian Exhibits rwokuzvarwa nesayenzi. Africa kufarira nevakakurumbira Maclay, uyo akadzidza Sudan uye Eritrea, yakafanana kuitisa zoological tsvakurudzo. Pakupedzisira, zvinokosha kutaura Juncker uye nzendo dzake nenzira ine chikamu. Akararama kwemakore anoverengeka madzinza nyati akatiwanira ruzivo pamusoro veko, izvo inodzidza nhoroondo Africa havana kuziva kana asati pashure.