Zvose zvichapfuura, uye zvichapfuura, kana Chii chinonzi historicism?

Nguva yenguva inofamba inopfuurira mberi, inotora zvose izvo, maererano nehupenyu hwepanyama, zvine mugumo. Kunyange mazwi asingatauriki anova akakundwa - nekufamba kwenguva, mazwi mazhinji nemishandisirwo ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune imwe nguva zvakare anonyangarika pamwechete nevanhu vanovashandisa. Nokuda kwemashoko akadaro, izwi rokuti "historicism" rakagadzirwa.

Tsanangudzo

Kutendeukira mune imwe svesayenzi uye izwi rakasimba, munhu anogona kutsanangura kuti chii chinonzi historism, nenzira inotevera. Kune mazita emashoko akashandiswa kare kare mumutauro kana mitsara yakasungirirwa kune zvinhu zvinoratidzika, asi semugumisiro wekunyangarika kwavo, vakaguma vachida kudanwa kwavo, uye saizvozvo aya mazwi nemashoko zvakatanga kupera nokukurumidza kubva kushandiswa. Tsanangudzo yezvakaitika kare inopesana neArchaism, iyo ine mamiriro akafanana asi ane ruzivo. Apo mazwi akatanga kuve asina kushandiswa, haana "kukandwa kunze", asi akatsiviwa nemamwe mazwi echioneso emangwana, asi akawanda pane izvozvo gare gare.

Panguva ino yemazuva ano, mazwi anozivikanwa sezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa mune izvo zvinonzi passive shanduro yemutauro weRussia. Zvinoshandiswa chete kugovera ruvara rwekare kana kusimbisa nguva iyo nyaya yacho inowanikwa, ingava nyaya, firimu kana basa. Ndizvo zvakaitika kare!

Kukwegura kweshoko

Izvo zvinoshamisa zvezvakaitika kare hazvina kufanana. Mumwe chete anofungisisa-mamwe mazwi iye zvino anozivikanwa sezvakaitika kare, mazana emakore akapfuura akanga achishandiswa. Somuenzaniso: muchinda, caftan, dunhu, peneni, mukomana . Mamwe mashoko nemitsara yaive "kunyange mumutauro" kunyange nababambuya nasekuru, semutero, purogiramu yezvidzidzo, tikiti yekutakura , nezvimwe. Saizvozvowo, munhu anogona kutora tsvimbo ine musoro uye ave nechokwadi chokuti mushure memazwi iwayo Takashandisa, isu tichavawo vanyori venhoroondo. Kune avo vagara vari mune ramangwana rinogona kudanwa kuti floppy, cassette, pager - aya mazwi mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu anogona kupiwa zvakachengeteka semuenzaniso, kutsanangura kuti chii chinonzi historist.

Chaizvoizvo, mashoko anowira pasi peshoko rezvakaitika kare, ane chikwereti chekufambira mberi. Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, nguva inoshandura zvinhu zvakapoteredza. Nezuva rimwe nerimwe zuva idzva, pamwe neminiti imwe neimwe mutsva munyika mune chimwe chinhu chinoitika: icho chitsva chinogadzirwa, chekare chakagadziriswa uye chinogadziriswa, zvinobva, kubva kune dzakaderera kubva panguva yezvinhu zvinhu uye pfungwa dzinoedza kubvisa panzvimbo yekutanga. Zvisinei, nokuda kwebasa revanyori vezvakaitika kare, zvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, pamwe chete nemazita, mazita uye maitiro anoitika munguva dzakapfuura, vanobudirira kuburikidza nekuchengetedza tsika yematongerwo enyika ipi zvayo. Uye chii icho, mhemberero haisati iri nhoroondo, dai pakanga pasina vanhu vanotiudza kuti mazwi akadaro akamboshandiswa.

Icho chinonyanya kukosha

"Zvinhu zvose zviri munyika zvinonzwisisika," anodaro uchenjeri hwakakurumbira. Inongova nyore nyore kushanda kune izwi rezvakaitika kare. Kuti tidzidze chikonzero chimwe chinhu chakauya kubva pakushandiswa, uye nei chisina kuchinjwa nemashandisirwo akafanana, semuenzaniso, archaism, uye nzira yakadai yekudzidza zvimwe zviitiko sezvinonzi nheyo yezvakaitika kare yakasikwa. Nekubatsira kwayo, zvinokwanisika kufunga nezvekukonzera-hukama hukama hune chokuita nenhau yeimwe nyaya, zvikonzero zvakakonzera kutanga kwayo. Zvinogonawo kufunga nezvekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvakaitika kare kwakatungamirira kukuderera kunotevera mukushandiswa kweshoko, kusanganisira kuparara zvakananga kubva pakutaura kukurukurirana uye kuchinja kune chikamu chenhoroondo.

Iyi nhungamiro inobatsira kunyatsobatana nekubudirira pane imwe nguva, munguva iyo nhoroondo yekare yakashandiswa, kune zvikonzero izvo zvaidiwa panguva iyoyo uye nokuda kwezvakazove zvisina kushandiswa. Kuvonga neizvi, mufananidzo wakakwana we "hupenyu hwehupenyu" hwezwi rakabuda kubva kushandiswa huchengetedzwa.

Kusiyana pakati pezvakaitika kare uye archaism

Pakutaura zvakananga zvinoreva tsanangudzo yakadaro sechikonzero chekutsvaga, uye kuisa muzvinyorwa kune zvakaitika kare. Ndizvo chaizvoizvo, uye ndezvezvinyorwa zvekare uye zvinyorwa zvechokwadi "pamativi akasiyana emugariro"? Ichokwadi, kuguma kwemashoko nemishandisirwo inotaura nezvezvinyorwa uye mhemberero, chaizvoizvo, zvakafanana - zvose zvakabuda kunze kwekushandiswa. Zvimwe chete, nekuda kwekuti ivo vakaparadzana kubva kune mumwe, kune imwe nyika ye "fuma" yekupedzisira - munyika yemazuva ano ivo vakabudirira kutsiviwa nemashoko akafanana nemitsara. Semuenzaniso: lepota yakava runako , maziso akazova meso , chiito chechimiro chaitaridzirwa chakatsiviwa nechinokodzera maererano nechinangwa chetariro, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Kusiyana nemafungiro ezvakaitika kare, mahedheni nenzira imwe chete anoenderera mberi nekufambiswa kwemazwi uye kana zvisati zvazara, ipapo kuburikidza nekurira kunotorwa kumuromo (muenzaniso wakajeka wekushandiswa kweArchaism yeshoko rezvino remiromo ) yevanhu venguva ino.

Mumabhuku

Mukuedza kurondedzera mumutauro unyanzvi chero nguva uye nekuwedzerwa kwakajeka kwemuganhu wepakati mune imwe nguva, nhoroondo yezvinyorwa yakaumbwa. Kutenda kushandiswa kwaro mumabhuku, vanyori vakakwanisa kupa pfungwa yokuti ndiyo yaiva yega yebasa ravo rakabudirira uye rakawanda.

Zvisinei, izwi iri rinogona uye rinofanira kutaridzwa kubva maonero maviri. Chokutanga, kwete sekutama nemaune, nekuda kwekuti munyori aive nechinangwa chekutaura zvisingagoneki uye kunze kwemashoko okutaura kwemavara, asi sechiitiko chinowanikwa mubasa chero ripi zvaro rekudhiridzi uye risingatenderi panguva yakashandiswa naro. Iko ndiko kuti, munyori, achishandisa zvinyorwa zvezvino, maererano nemitemo yenguva iyoyo, haana kutevera chinangwa chokuvashandisa, sekuda kwenguva yekunyora kwaishandiswa zvizere uye hakuna kukonzera chero zvakasiyana zvakasiyana.

Nzvimbo yechipiri ndiyo kushandiswa kwezvakaitika kare zvakananga kwechiratidzo chinonzwisisika chenguva iyo kana nhoroondo yacho iri kupi. Kuvonga kushandiswa kwemashoko akafanana nemitsara, muverengi asingazivi anonyatsozvibatirira panguva iyoyo uye anogamuchira manzwiro akajeka uye asingakanganwiki.