"'93", Hugo: pfupiso vanonyanya kutaurwa, ari kuongorora. Roman "makumi mapfumbamwe Three"

Pashure racho akakurumbira yokufungidzira "Les Miserables" muna 1862, Viktor Gyugo akafunga kunyorera mumwe, hapana zvishoma pamwero mukuru anoshanda. Bhuku rino akasikwa kwemakore gumi refu. Topical nyaya nguva yake munguva yokufungidzira "'93" Hugo. Pfupiso okupedzisira mabasa makuru munyori French zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino.

History chokusika

Zvandiri akaudza muna yokufungidzira "'93" Hugo? Pfupiso chigadzirwa anopiwa pazasi. Zvisinei, usati watanga, unofanira kutaura mashoko mashomanana nezvenhoroondo kunyorwa yokufungidzira. Panobva kwayo vakaenda rinokosha munhau kuti 1793. Zvisinei, vakanga vachipisira nomunyori wacho maonero zvakaitika muFrance panguva yechipiri yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore - kureva kuti Franco-Prussian Hondo uye Paris Tauriranai. Saka, basa ounyanzvi "makumi mapfumbamwe Vatatu" Viktor Gyugo akaratidza maonero ake muchidimbu pamusoro ezvinhu enyika nezvaiva munyika yake mumakore 1870-1871.

Chii chakaitika panguva apo munyori kupedza ake okupedzisira munhoroondo yokufungidzira? Mushure kuguma runyararo chibvumirano Prussia mhirizhonga vakatanga, zvakazoita kuti chimurenga uye kwakakonzera pakagadzwa kuzvitonga. It rwakatora mazuva manomwe navaviri. Sezvambotaurwa, pfungwa yacho yokufungidzira "makumi mapfumbamwe Vatatu" vakwira pamwe munyori kwemakore gumi vasati chiitiko pamusoro apa. Pamwe chaizvo nemhaka akaoma ezvinhu munyika, kwezvisikwa inotevera zvisikwa yakanonoka refu. Pfungwa yokufungidzira, izvo pakutanga haana yakajeka contours, pakupedzisira yakaumbwa mushure magariro uye kwezvematongerwe enyika zviri 1870-1872 wacho.

Nyanzvi chenhau ingano

Kana totaura yakadaro woga sezvo mabhuku pamusoro French Revolution, pakutanga kwezvose, inotaurwa kwete chete basa French Romanticism tateguru. Zviitiko izvi kamwe akanyora Aleksandr Dyuma. Vakatsaurira mabasa avo nevaongorori vazhinji vatorwa uye Russian. Zvisinei, pane zvakaitika kare uye mabhuku kukosha guru bhuku ndiye "'93" Hugo. Pfupiso yebhuku basa - chokwadi kwete chete kuchinjwa inokosha enyika zviitiko akashanda se mashoko rangano. Rinotaurawo compressed nyaya zvichaitirwa vanhu vanonyanya kutaurwa. Saka, apo yokufungidzira kunotanga, "'93" Hugo?

Summary: Sodreysky dondo

The nganonyorwa iri panoperera May 1793. Paris rechiuto, kuitisa ushori mu Sodreyskom musango, akanga akagadzirira chero zvinowirwa nomugumo. Pashure pezvose, nzvimbo idzi courted inosuruvarisa mbiri. Munyori anonzi Sodreysky dondo scariest nzvimbo munyika. Nokuti pano kuti mwedzi mitanhatu isati zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa yokufungidzira "makumi mapfumbamwe Vatatu", paiva atrocity hondo yevagari yokutanga. Kamwe musango Sodreyskom zvikuru kufara rugare shiri kunovhima. Nezvokumutswa nevezvematongerwo zviitiko Paris, zvose zvakachinja. The nganonyorwa "makumi mapfumbamwe Vatatu" anomirira nguva apo yevedza makwapa aya akanga akatakurwa kunze utsinye manhunt.

Masoja uye markitanka navo, vakanzwa kufungira zenze ari pamakwenzi. Vakanga vakagadzirira kupfura. Zvisinei, ndakaona kuti mukadzi akavanda pamakwenzi ose peasant mavambo uye nevana vavo vatatu. Maererano nemitemo yehondo vasingafari kufanorongwa kubvunzurudzwa. Tinofanira kutsvaka chii enyika zvitendero vanoomerera naamai chete. Kure kwete mibvunzo yose vaigona zvakajeka kupindura mutorwa. Masoja achiri akazoziva kuti murume wake Michel Fleshar - kureva vanonzi mukadzi - akafa. A dumba kwavaigara, yakapiswa. Somugumisiro, mumwe murimi pakutambudzika. Kubvira ipapo, iye atandira mumasango zvisina gwara, kusaziva kuti zvikuru njodzi icho anofumura pachavo vavo nevana.

Mushure mekunzwa nyaya inosuruvarisa mukadzi murimi mudiki, mumwe sajeni ainzi rechiuto Raduba vataurira kutevedzera Rene-Jean, Sora-Alain uye Georgette.

Corvette "Kurogane"

Kunyora nganonyorwa yakanga pashure kudzidza munyori nhoroondo pakaunda-echimurenga kufamba Chouans zvakadzama. Munyori vakadzidza inoverengeka chenhau mabasa. Zvino zvakaitika ari Paris panguva paakasika nhoroondo basa kwakabatsira pamusoro nyaya uye vatambi yacho protagonists.

Muna yokufungidzira, wakaona mafungiro Hugo Revolutionary kufamba. Writer pachokwadi tsitsi pamwe akakundwa Communards, asi panguva imwe chete inokosha dzokudzidzisa pakurwisa pavo. Izvi dzinopesana nemafungiro kurutivi echimurenga sangano mafungiro pazviitiko, mumatauriro yokufungidzira "makumi mapfumbamwe Vatatu". Hugo magamba - varume chiito. Zvisinei, ndivo vakaita kuti nevatambi uye kubayira upenyu hwavo nokuda kwechinangwa yepamusorosoro. Dzimwe nguva vanobatwa mutengo kwakadaro akanyanya kukwirira.

June wokutanga kubva pamhenderekedzo England nechikepe frigate, yakazonyorwa sezvinoita ngarava yaitakura. Kutaura zvazviri, ari "Kurogane" chinhu chinokosha chaizvo mutakurwi. Munyori anorondedzera nayo sezvinotevera: ". Varefu mutana, akapfeka murimi mudiki nguo, asi tine chokuita Prince" Frigate vakaurayiwa muhondo chete dzechikwata French. Kupomera murwi, avo hurongwa munhu, vyryazhenny mu nyore murimi mudiki mbatya uye ipapo kupfura. The rakaisvonaka mutana yakanunurwa royalists kuva mutungamiri remangwana vanomumukira Vendee. Zvisinei, mumwe wevarume - jaya rainzi Galmalo - anosarudza kutsiva nokuda kupondwa mutana murwi. Pashure pezvose, aiva mukoma wake. Zvisinei Galmalo nguva anoramba vaite nokuuraya.

The Marquis of Lantenak

Iri ndiro zita inoshamisa mutana chishamiso wakapukunyuka pavaifamba muchikepe frigate. Panyika, anodzidza mashoko pamusoro kuparadzwa Republican bato. Lantenak anorayira kuurayiwa vasungwa vose. Muchiitiko chino, hazvina kuita Kusara kunyange vakadzi vaviri. vana vatatu, iyo iye akaudza, anorayira kuti vauye pamwe, isina hurongwa hwakajeka kuti ramangwana ravo. Mumwe wevakadzi, Zvichakadaro, mupenyu: naye chete vapfurwa bondo.

The echimurenga mweya

In Paris, pave hondo. Hugo rinoratidza French guta guru kunyange vana vari kunyemwerera umo heroically. Pano zvose rwoga rwoga chimurenga. Pakati vaparidzi mazuva aya anomira Simurden mupristi. Iye kunotyisa uye cool-vakananga. Kana Revolution payakatanga, Simurden akaramba dzakakora uye akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna yekusunungura sangano. Murume uyu, vanofungidzirwa zvaikodzera Robespierre vakazoroorwa vakava mvumo chechechi muna Vendée.

Mumazuva July oga mufambi wokutanga anomira pedyo mugove, muna mumwe mahotera. Kubva muridzi resitorendi munhu uyu vakazodzoka anozova kunze Simurdenom anodzidza pamusoro kurwa kuitika pedyo. Kurwisana Gauvin uye Marquis of Lantenak. Kurwa haana kugona kuva ropa, kana asiri kuita mutungamiri royalists. Lantenak zvichipomerwa akarayira aurayiwe mukadzi nevana vake vakabata kumwe panhare. Simurden akatumira kuhondo, apo anenge nomunondo, ndiro denda Gauvin. Uyu murume wechidiki - muzukuru mhuri chakanaka. Simurden anoziva kubva pazera.

Kutyisidzirwa uye tsitsi

Gauvin aimbova mudzidzi Simurdena. Uyezve, ndiye chete munhu uyo repakati uye utsinye munhu anonzwa rudo. Uye Simurden uye Gauvin hope yakunda Republic. Zvisinei, kutanga anodavira kuti kuzadzisa chinangwa anogona nokutyisa chete. Yechipiri anoda kutungamirirwa tsitsi. Gauvin Zvisinei, panyaya kugadziridzwa asi Lantenaku vasingawirirani. Iye wakagadzirira chero kwaiva kuparadza Marquis.

Children Michelle Fleshar

Lantenak vakatongerwa mukurasika. Kuti aponese upenyu hwake, iye anoshandisa murimi mudiki Fleshar vana sezvo hostages. Asi chokwadi chokuti chivako apo Lantenak takavanda ipapo pachivande mbudo. Cavaliers kusunungurwa mutungamiri wavo, uye mumwe asati abva pokugara, moto masutu, saka dooming vana vamwe rufu. Zvisinei, panguva yokupedzisira Lantenak kuchema mai vake, adzokere uye kuponesa nhapwa ake zvishoma.

kuuraya

Gauvin - tsika rinosanganisa kururamisira uye tsitsi. Uye nokuti inosunungura Lantenaka. Republic, maererano Gauvin haafaniri Sully pachake yokuuraya munhu akaenda chibayiro. For rupo chiito wechidiki wehondo akatongerwa rufu. Utsinye mutongo anoita hapana mumwe kupfuura Simurden. Asi sezvo nokukurumidza Gauvin anorasikirwa musoro kubva anorova guillotine, aimbova mupristi akazviuraya. Akadaro Mugumisiro wakaipa apedza Hugo "makumi mapfumbamwe Vatatu".

kuongorora

basa iri nhoroondo inoratidza dzinopesana nemafungiro kurutivi yechimurenga ari Mupfungwa yakazara reshoko. The nganonyorwa rakanyorwa panguva zviitiko dzeParis Tauriranai uye asingagoni kuva mhinduro ezvinhu nezvaiva muguta guru French muna 1871-1872 azvaitwa. Writer akarumbidza kukosha pokuchinja kuti kwakapararira munyika yokumusha kwake kwete chete, asiwo wezvenyika yose. Asi apo munyori akaramba wechokwadi vakambodanana yokuti vanhu vanogona kuchinja nani chete nokuda degeneration wenyika womunhu womukati. Kwete wotaura varipo vari yokufungidzira juxtaposition vakadai mifananidzo sezvo Simurden uye Gowen. Kutyisidzirwa uye tsitsi - ndivo zvaiva echimurenga kufamba, mu pfungwa Hugo.

"Makumi mapfumbamwe Vatatu": wongororo

Mumwe anodzidza chisikwa rinonzi ichi rakafara pamatende, izvo anomirira mukuru zviitiko mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore. Chokwadi, Soviet-nguva vatsoropodzi akaona Hugo kuti yokufungidzira kuti aida kusenza, kureva kurwisana pakati vanoshanda vanhu Paris, mbiri yose kuipandukira uye akashatirwa kurwiswa pamusoro kwamachinda kutamira. Kutaura zvazviri, bhuku iri mubvunzo munyaya ino haisi chete zvisikwa mukuru dzekare prose, asiwo nharo zvikuru basa Hugo.

Okugadzira zvinhu munyori French vaikoshesa shasha mabhuku Russian, NdiTolstoy uye Dostoevsky. Yakakurumbira basa kunze France aiva yokufungidzira "Les Miserables". Zvisinei, zvinyorwa pamusoro gakava mweya pokuchinja, zvakare, haana rwakaonekwa vaverengi. nganonyorwa iri, maererano mafeni pakati Viktora Gyugo, ndiro basa nhoroondo ingano pakati rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore yakanakisisa.

Translation kubva French kuenda muchiRussian kekutanga kuitwa rakanga mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore. The echimurenga Pfungwa, sezvamunoziva, panguva iyoyo yaigarwa pfungwa vadzidzi uye vakadzidza. Zvisinei, nhamba iri nguva dzose kushanda. Pashure pemakore anopfuura zana kufarira yokufungidzira hauna kuzodzimwa. Pari, yakanakisisa shanduro kubva French kupinda Russian, maererano vaverengi uye nevatsoropodzi, ndezvaJehovha Nadezhda Zharkova.

The kurwara Migumisiro pokuchinja - chinhu chinokosha munhoroondo Russian. Uye nokuti yokufungidzira kukuru Viktora Gyugo kwakakurumbira pamwe vaverengi munyika yedu nhasi.