A koma mumutauro Chirungu: dzinokosha dzomutauro

A koma mumutauro Chirungu ndicho uye saka chinonetsa kunyora nyora mavanga. Ndizvo zvakaita kushandiswa koma ane kupfuura nhamba matambudziko akasiyana uye nyaya kazhinji pakutsvaga mafungiro munyori, pachavo mupfungwa maonero uye dudziro munhu mhosva uye mamiriro ezvinhu anotsanangurwa mundima. A koma mumutauro Chirungu, kusafanana Russian, regai nguva dzose kuisa pasi clauses kuti kuparadzana huru, apo ari Russian mutauro clauses munogara vakaparadzana pedyo koma.

Apo pasina koma

Point hadzina kuparadzaniswa mu Chirungu:

• omurume nyaya / Predicate / kuwedzererwa:

Zvakakosha kuti iye anofanira kuva ikoko neChitatu. Zvakakosha kuti akanga aripo neChitatu.

Kutonga yangu kuti haufaniri kunwa . ezvinhu yangu kuti hamuna kunwa.

Ndinoda kuti imi kumudana nokukurumidza. We vanosimbirira kuti iwe kuti nokukurumidza kumudana.

• clauses kunodiwa ezvinhu apo vanoenda pashure huru acho:

Akavaudza zvose apo iye akaburuka pasi . Akavaudza zvose paaipfuura pasi masitepisi.

Ndaifanira kugumisa basa rangu ambovimbisa kubatsira amai. Ndaifanira kupedza basa yapfuura kumubatsira mai.

Mapurisa anogona kutora motokari yako kana kuti paki imomo. Mapurisa anogona torera motokari kana kuti paki ikoko.

Unonyanya nezvekumwe mamiriro, shandisa koma

Unonyanya nezvekumwe mamiriro, shandisa koma.

• A koma mumutauro Chirungu kana iwe kuonana anogara kushandiswa.

Waiteress, ndinoda munhu Muterere, ndapota. Waitress, kuunza Menu, ndapota.

Baba, hakuna pano. Baba, hapana munhu pano.

• A koma mumutauro Chirungu chinoshandiswa vaparadzane munhu zvinhu zviri:

Purple, seruva, maruva matsvuku yazara akawanda tumabhodhoro netumidziyo. Tumabhodhoro netumidziyo vakazara dzepepuru, Lilac, maruva matsvuku.

Kwete akasimuka, akaenda patafura, akakotama pasi uye kutora shoma chigaro. Iye akasimuka, akafamba patafura, akakotama pamusoro uye akatora diki chair.

Anoseka, kunwa uye anotaura zvakanyanya. Iyewo zhinji kuseka, kunwa uye vachitaura.

Yeuka kuti pane ichi kana koma pamberi uye zvinogona kushandiswa, asi hazvo.

• Inoshandiswa (asi kwete) pakati 2 vaitaura huru kwakabatana mibatanidzwa / sezvo / asi / uye nevamwe. Kakawanda koma rinoshandiswa mutauro Chirungu, uko mutsetse wokutanga refu:

Achaita kohomedza nayo, uye ndichaita ngavamubatsirc matambudziko ake. Achaita ngaadarowo, I achamubatsira matambudziko ake.

Vakamira kutarisa mumwe, uye akabvunza pamusoro ichi zvakaoma zuva. Vakamira kutarisa mumwe, uye akabvunza pamusoro nhasi zvakaoma.

The vazhinji akashamiswa kwazvo akatanga sezvo chigure vakaedza kutandadza pamwe majee ake. The vazhinji Vafadzwa nazvo apo chigure kuedza kuvaraidza majee avo.

• Used pashure ezvinhu mune clauses kuuya pamberi huru pfungwa:

Kana iye akaburuka pasi, iye akamuudza kuti Selena akanga atovapo. Kana iye akaburuka, iye akamuudza kuti Selena akatouya.

Kuti atsigire hanzvadzi yangu, aifanira kusiya Moscow. Kubatsira hanzvadzi yangu, aifanira kusiya Moscow.

Akadanira Sara, iye nokukurumidza akaenda pachiteshi. Achishevedza Sarah, akakurumidza akaenda yemapurisa.

Kana mubvunzo, unofanira kuuya kuzondiona. Kana uri mubvunzo, uyai kwandiri.

Kana iwe kupaka motokari ikoko, mapurisa uibate. Kana iwe priparkuesh motokari ikoko, mapurisa torera nayo.

• Richishandiswa pashure chero chikamu pfungwa, ine mamwe mashoko panyaya:

The hweta, uyo akanga akwegura, akaudza kuti aiziva ini. The hweta, mumwe murume akwegura vaizviti kundiziva.

subtleties mashandisiro

Strict mitemo Chirungu nyora dzomutauro ndiwo uchapupu maererano iyo upotrebeniya pfungwa pakati nyaya (pasi mashoma) uye Predicate hakubvumidzwi. Iyi ndiyo imwe ezvinhu shoma apo koma atisunungure, asi kunofanira kurangarirwa kuti chete rinosimbisa pfungwa kuti uwane ruzivo, uye kumativi ose:

The musikana aiva tsvarakadenga zvokuti, assuared kuti akaona ini. / The musikana, uyo akanga saka runako assuared kuti akaona ini. - Wrong vose vaitaura. No pfungwa yechipiri.

The musikana wakange akanaka kwazvo, assuared kuti akaona ini - zvakarurama.

Murume, uyo akabatsira neni kuti usiku , akaudza kuti aiziva neni. Munhu akandipa rubatsiro usiku, akati ndapererwa. - Wrong, hapana zvimwe ruzivo nezvenyaya yacho, asi chete tsananguro, nezvitura befu havadikanwi.

Ndizvozvo: Munhu akabatsira neni kuti usiku akaudza kuti aiziva neni.

The wavanozvisunga panguva chirimwa renyukireya, izvo rwakatora mazuva theree, atova pamusoro. - D uwane mashoko dzakaparadzaniswa nezvitura befu, sezvo pane mashoko chaiwo. sitiraiki pamusoro zvenyukireya chirimwa, urwo rwakatora vatatu zuva rava pamusoro.

The mukadzi uyo Tom aida akamusiya mushure kwemakore mashanu. - P oyasnenie, nezvitura befu havadikanwi. mukadzi izvo Tom yakanga rudo, akasiya ake pashure shanu makore.

The manson, yakanga isina kwemakore matatu nemakore, yave kutengeswa kunze. The neimba, izvo zvave chinhu kwemakore matatu, akatengeswa.

The musikana wandaida kusangana yaiva kure pamusoro pazororo. The musikana uyo ndaida kusangana, patova pazororo.

Apositurofi (apositurofi)

Apositurofi, kana colloquially mumwe koma (mumutauro Chirungu kumusoro vashanda) anoenda pamwe tsamba yaJehovha nguva dzose, kushandiswa possessive nyaya, kuwedzera kune muuzhinji nyaya uye zvinhu zvinoberekwa tichienzanisa nokutonga (kana pasina apositurofi s):

Kutarira yababa;

muchindakadzi wacho rin'i;

magiravhusi evanhu (murume-varume) ;

vadzidzi 'mabasa.

Cherechedza:

A koma mumutauro Chirungu pamusoro paumbwe possessive nyaya mazita akakodzera vachipedzisira tsamba -s, unogona kushandisa zvose zvavanogona:

mudzimai King Charles kuti / Mambo Charles ' mukadzi.

Isai rakapfupikiswa kuratidza zvisipo tsamba kana nhamba:

Ndiri - Ndini;

iye - ndiye / ane;

'86 - 1986.

The apositurofi rakaiswa pamwechete tsamba -s apo dzichiumbwa uzhinji tsamba, nhamba kana Codes (nhamba uye uppercase apositurofi anogona akadarikira):

Muma1970 / 1970;

VIP raMwari / VIPs;

Aisagona kusiyanisa ake L's. Zvakajeka kududza tsamba L.

kuparadzana kukurukurwa

A koma mumutauro Chirungu kana kureva ndiye Chirungu bazi remutauro (muna US akashandisa muura) pa kunyoresa dzemabhizimisi matsamba, uyewo nyore mutauro nezuva.

Dear Mr. Frendick, Takagashira tsamba yako ...

Rinoshandiswa nenzira yepamutemo kana bhizimisi tsamba kubva okupedzisira mitsara chokugamuchira dzakaparadzana kubva mazita uye nzvimbo (pakati izvo hapana nyora):

Yours nokutendeka, / zvako pachokwadi, Ranason-.Ltd . A. Simpson Manager.

The koma rinoshandiswa kero iri hamvuropu kana iri repamusoro munzvimbo tsamba (rugwaro), kusimbisa kugamuchira zita / zita / kero / (pakati peimba nhamba uye zita mumigwagwa koma haina kuzvireva):

Stephen P. Denny, 5678 Starling Avenue, Garlem, LA 10857.

It chinoshandiswawo yoga mashoko tsananguro kubva yakananga kutaura, kana pasina mumwe nyora mavanga:

"Sei iwe?" Nick akabvunza. "Akanga OK", akapindura. "Muchiri kukuvara?" akabvunza. "Kwete", iye akati, "kwete zvikuru." Akati, "Ini handisi kuziva."

A koma panguva yokusuma zvirevo kana nemamwe mazwi

A koma mumutauro Chirungu asati nekuti havana kushandiswa.

Haagoni kupinda mumba nokuti akanga arasikirwa kiyi.

Clauses ine mamiriro ezvinhu, vanofanira kushandisa imwe koma kana anoteverwa huru acho. enzanisa:

Nekuti akanga chinoshamisa, ndakarambana naye. Nokuti zvakanga chinoshamisa, I akarambwa naye.

A koma mumutauro Chirungu pashure yokusuma mashoko (somuenzaniso: saka, zvakanaka, zvisinei, zvichida, zvirokwazvo, tinongonzwa)

Kutaura zvazviri, ndakanga zvishoma mukana kuzviita.

Zvichida, Tom aizouya Paris pa 8 pm.

In pamberi chiyamuro mashoko ane ezviri kana gerund:

Kugumbuka, iye aenda cottege ake . Kugumbuka, iye akaenda yokurenda.

Unoshandiswa pamberi nekuti, kana zviri semubatanidzwa (vawana kwomubatanidzwa uyu zviduku vaitaura kashoma kuenda pamberi huru):

Ndakakumbira kwaari kuti ikoko, nokuti ndaiva mamwe mashoko kumuudza. Ndakamubvunza kuti ikoko, nekuti ndakanga kumuudza mashoko.

Ndaigona nezvokutambudzika mukadzi uyu, nokuti ndakanga ndaona pamberi. Ndaigona nezvamai mukadzi uyu, kubvira Ndakaona naye pamberi.

kushandisa Features

Izvi chete chikamu mitemo inofanira kushandiswa hwezuva nezuva vanhuwo upenyu. Zvino nguva dzose kunobatsira kuva pamusoro apo nevanhu kontengent akadzidza uye haana kuzeza ndinotaura, nyaya pamusoro forum.

Mumutauro Chirungu, kana pane vari American rwechiHebheru, iro rinoshandiswa United States, zvinhu kushanda nyore. mubvunzo uyu zvivakamutauro vomuAmerica havateereri sezvandaigona, somuenzaniso, girama Russian.

Chokwadi vaviri mudzidzisi akasiyana kunogona kukuudza vane mitemo yakasiyana pamusoro kwakafanira munhu koma muna Chirungu mutongo, uye vose vanogona kuva zvakanaka. Uye zvose nokuda chokwadi chokuti America hapana kunyatsoteerera, yarongwa pokushandisa ezvinhu nezvitura befu. Asi apo pane mukuru mitemo, zvinotevera iyo munhu anogona kuwana zivo inokosha Chirungu nyora.

mhedziso

Mugore normative Chirungu koma nyora chiratidzo chiri multifunctional, uye kushandiswa kwayo ano muenzaniso kwete chete kwokushanduka kushandisa nyora, asiwo kuti dzakachinjwa chipfuro zvose Pfungwa chii chinoumba pamutemo panyaya iri Chirungu. Kusvikira pakuguma XIX vanyori remakore nevanyori uye vaishandisa semicolon mune zvino inowanzoshandiswa ne- koma, kuti koma uye avo nguva iyo zvino havadi chero nyora mavanga. Mumazana XX remakore kwave kuchinja zvinoshamisa nyora mitemo Chirungu ano.