Accentual-syllabic ndima: kwakatangira uye miganhu

Munyaya ino, tichakurukura ongorora muudzame accentual-syllabic ndima. Tsanangura sei ino wakatangwa uye akasvika Russia, isu tsanangura kukura.

Chii?

Accentual-syllabic ndima - Huchidetemba ezvinhu yakavakirwa nguva dzose uye muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano kuti rakatumbuka unstressed uye akasimbisa mabhii. The nhetembo akanyorwa nenzira iyi, vose mabhii inogona dzikarongwa rutsoka, inova dzinonzi zvinokwaniswa - akasimbisa mavhawero uye utera - unstressed mavhawero. Naizvozvo, kuongorora nhetembo idzi inoratidzwa kwete chete kukura asiwo kuwanda tsoka chete mutsetse.

mavambo

Syllabic-tonic versification hurongwa dzakatangira European nhetembo. Izvi zvakaitika nemhaka kwemapazi syllabic ndima, iro raishandiswa Romance mitauro, uye tonic alliterative, zvinobva weGermany mitauro. muitiro uyu dzakaguma munyika dzakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, muEngland syllabo-tonic yakatangwa kare muzana remakore rechi15, nemhaka George. Chaucer, uye muGermany chete muzana remakore rechi17 mushure kuchinja zvinhu M. Opitz.

Russian syllabic-tonic versification

Mupiro mukuru kune kuvandudzwa wokuRussia enhetembo mabhii runobva M. V. Lomonosovu uye V. K. Trediakovskomu.

Saka, muna 30s ramakore rechi18 Trediakovskii anotanga kutaura magwaro, ane chimiro iri yakasiyana kuti panguva syllabic versification ezvinhu kwakavakirwa nhamba mabhii por mutsetse, pane mari nehana kana unstressed mavhawero. Saka, nokudzidza chevarwere ndima yayo mamiriro kuti vakagumisa kuti inobva musimboti wokuRussia versification tonics.

Izvi zvakatanga Trediakovskij kuferefeta mberi Lomonosov. Ndiye akasika accentual-syllabic ndima iri Russian. , Ino, kwakavakirwa alternation pakati akasimbisa uye unstressed mavhawero inorangarira Zvakaitika arşive. Hwaro syllabo- tonics vakaisa chevarwere ndima musimboti - nhamba akarongwa nzvimbo uye uwandu akasimbisa mabhii.

Mumazana remakore rechi19 rakanga hunodzorwa syllabic-tonic nhetembo. Chete vadetembi shoma zvakatangwa muna kuedza, ichi chaiva kukonzerwa kuti kuedza kutevedzera zvavo motifs. Panyaya iyi, pamusoro pezana remakore rechi19 ainyanya kushandiswa dvuslozhniki. Yokutanga achishingaira kushandiswa ternary mamita vakatanga Nekrasov.

Zvisinei, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 vakatanga nyanyisa wokufananidzira kuedza, izvo kazhinji yakanyorerwa tonic uye kunzwisisa chedetembo.

Dimensions accentual-syllabic ndima

Zvichienderana nokuwanda "simba" uye "simba" nzvimbo iri rutsoka, mhando mbiri syllabic-tonic hukuru kumira - uye dvuslozhniki trehslozhniki. Nokuti maviri-mabhii iambe nechinzvimbo uye ferrets matatu-mabhii, akavapindurawo - dactyl, anapaest, amphibrach.

Nokuda lexical maumbirwo mutauro wokuRussia ternary mamita sokuti muverengi zvakawanda mumhanzi, sezvo detembo anosarudza mashoko ake mabhii matatu uye kashoma kuita "stopnye kutsiviwa."

vokutsiva izvi zvinogona kuwanika trochaic uye iambe nemabasa, sezvo ari munhu rinomira kakawanda zvinzvimbo simba vari unstressed mabhii, uye simba - ngoma. Panyaya iyi, tinogona kutaura kuti, kunze huru mbiri-mabhii tsoka, pane 2 ebetsero:

• Pyrrhic - iri 2 mabhii mumutsetse ane unaccented nzvanyira.
• Sponda - iri 2 mabhii mumutsetse pamwe akasimbisa nzvanyira.

kushandiswa kwavo mundima zvinopa rakasiyana chigadzirwa akarongwa mutinhimira inzwi.

trochee

Uyu ndiwo mumwe mhando disyllabic mamita. rutsoka rwake 2 chete mabhii - wokutanga mutengo kwechirwere, wechipiri - unstressed. Ferrets inowanzoshandiswa nokuda rwiyo rwacho.

Muenzaniso 5-jog chorea ndiko nhetembo Pasternak akadana "Hamlet": "Ini arayirwa mambakwedza usiku / zviuru mabhainokura pamusoro akabatana ...". 3 jog - basa M. Yu Lermontova "Kubva Goethe raJehovha '' Akanyarara Valley / azere yakachena mhute ... '..

iambus

Accentual-syllabic ndima yakanga zvichitungamirira Russian nhetembo remakore rechi19, uye ave kufarira pentameter saizi AS Pushkin.

Saka iambus - dissyllabic meter, zvinosanganisira 2 mabhii - kutanga uye nenyundo rechipiri unstressed. Uchisiya vanorega kushushikana ichichinja pyrrhic, uye pamwe pakuonekwa mamwe - mu spondee.

4-hstopny pentameter yaiva zvikuru nevanhu uye kakawanda kushandiswa Russian nhetembo. Muzana remakore rechi18 kuti mutinhimira uyu, saka, tinoti Genres "mukuru", kufunga kusiyana odic zvinhu uye "chiedza nhetembo", zvakanyorwa kwaya. Asi muzana remakore rechi19 pentameter anorasikirwa Category kubatana dzaro nhetembo uye inova zvakasikwa mita.

The pachena muenzaniso - ndiye Pushkin kuti "Eugene Onegin": "Latin zvino kubva fashoni: / Naizvozvo, kana imi chokwadi ...".

trisyllabic

We funga zvino ternary mamita Russian syllabic-tonic versification.

Dactyl - mita mu mabhii matatu, okutanga chiri ndisingafungiri. Muenzaniso ndiye "kutonga kwaMwari pamusoro mabhishopi" (VA Zhukovsky), "Mason" (V. Ya. Bryusov). Dactyl inowanzoshandiswa kuti vatevedzere zviri hexameter.

Amphibrach - uyewo mita mu mabhii matatu, asi nguva ino ndiyo kuvhunduka wechipiri. The Russian versification, kwakunoitwa kushandiswa kunyora epics. Muenzaniso ndiye "airship" - mumwe ballad Lermontov: "Kubvira guva apo mambo / uchimuka uri pakarepo ...".

Anapaest - wechitatu trisyllabic meter, umo madudziro emazwi weveta rokupedzisira mabhii. Mienzaniso yakadaro pakuvaka ndima inogona kuva detembo: "Kufunga kubva pamberi pevharanda" (Nekrasov) uye "Pakutanga havangazomuki Ko kwaari" (Fet).