Interesting zvinhu paupenyu Zhukovsky. Life uye Works of Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky - simba munhu, akabudirira zvinhu zvizhinji. Huru dzinonakidza chokwadi paupenyu Zhukovsky riri pakuti iye rozivikanwa nyanduri, mushanduri uye dare akakodzera mubatsiri. Akakwanisa kuona pfungwa dzavo okusika muna ballads uye nenziyo, nhetembo uye shanduro. Sezvo muduku zvakanga pachena nehavi runako, izvo Vasily haana kuzeza kuunza upenyu. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, isu zvino tine mukana nhetembo dzacho pakati Zhukovsky.

Origin Zhukovsky

VA Zhukovsky Akarerwa kwete baba yake, nekuti iye kubva mwanakomana akaramba. Zvakaitika nokuti Basil akazvarwa kuroorwa ne Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin (zimbuya Nyanduri Russian uye munyori Ivan Bunin) uye nhapwa mukadzi Turkish Salhi. Iye akaendeswa Russia pashure kukombwa ari Turkish nhare Bendery. Salha akabhabhatidzwa uye akapiwa zita Elizabeth Orthodox. Iye akatora chinoshamisira kuti muridzi. Saka, musi waFebruary 9 (New Style) 1783, Basil akazviratidza, asi mukomana akapiwa zita womunda Zhukovsky, uyo akararama panguva tsitsi Bunin. Bunin Akarerwa mwanakomana pamwe chepamutemo nevana vake. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti A. I. Bunin nechokwadi chokuti mwanakomana wake akatambira knighthood, uye kubva pauduku akaita akanyorwa basa rake rehondo, zvisinei, zviri zvekunyepera. Saka, pakazosvika makore matanhatu mukomana akava refutenendi uye kwainzi jendurumani. Asi mukuda Afanasiy Bunin mwanakomana asiri wepamutemo haina kutaurwa, kusiya nhaka chepamutemo vana.

The dzinonakidza unhu Nyanduri?

Zvechokwadi V. A. Zhukovskogo raikosha mufananidzo munhau yeRussia nhetembo. Rakafuridzirwa pfungwa of the Western vadetembi nevanyori Vasily nokusika mabasa avo pachavo, vakazadzwa nokutenda mune ramangwana rakajeka kune vanhu, vari kuti rinogona kuva chinoziva uye akazvimirira. Mundima akashandisa kudanana mifananidzo umo kunyange hworatidza zvakajeka pfungwa rusununguko, kutamburira yakakwirira nevatambi zvakanaka, runako, uye runyararo.

Saizvozvo akazviratidza ndima yokutanga Zhukovsky - "Rural Cemetery", "Singer mumusasa nemasoja Russian", "Mambo Alexander." Mumwe nomumwe wavo - kudanwa rugare, kuwirirana, kukumbira hunhu, rugare norunyararo. Zhukovsky anoda kufungisisa runako uye rakafuridzirwa nayo, vachiedza kufadzwa hunhu uye muverengi. Naizvozvo, nguva dzose kuziva yomukati rutivi upenyu hwevanhu. Ndiye kure enyika, hondo uye munzanga hondo. Zvinonzi saka tinogona kuiona iri 'nhetembo, "nhetembo," Kuna Batyushkov "," Slav "uye vamwe.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti Zhukovsky ndiye munyori pemitsara "runako wakachena". Mushure dzavo inodzokororwa Pushkin.

Zhukovsky Feature

Vachinzi muChikoro Noble Boarding School, aiva mabhuku munharaunda, aiva sachigaro waro. Basa munharaunda rakarongwa, vose mapato Vaitungamirirwa ne bumbiro. Saka, munhu Nyanduri uye yokusafa kukwanisa kuitisa vanhuwo chikonzero, kuratidza matarenda ravo nezvavanokwanisa. Zvichida izvi vaiva nounhu Zhukovsky (nyanduri) aiva mudzidzisi Alexander II.

Pane zvakawanda mabhuku vanoti Vasily haana chete mudzidzisi akanaka, asi gurukota mudare. Kakawanda akanunura vakatapwa vadetembi, kunyanya A. S. Pushkina, aigona kukanganisa maonero ano mambo, kuderedza mutongo, T. E. Zhukovskomu kuri mune nedzenyu chipo.

Nokuti rudo mweya nyanduri uncharacteristic kutsvinyirwa. Mukupesana, kubva pauduku aikudzwa tsitsi, iye aiva nehanya uye kugumbuka. Ndaiva sangano wakaisvonaka yomudzimu, uye chiitiko ose wakakuvadzwa zvikuru naye. Poems uye shanduro vakabatsira kuratidza manzwiro uye marwadzo kwakaitirwa mudetembi, uye vaverengi vakafuridzirwa zvakajeka uye succinct epithets, mashoko akanaka kuti vaimutswa chido chokurarama. Zhukovsky nyanduri rake rokusika basa racho rakapedzwa.

Zhukovsky muchinangwa panguva youmambo dare

Shoma vadetembi nevanyori vanogona pamusoro simba zvikuru panguva mudare. Kazhinji vadetembi asingade mashoko makuru mundima nhapwa kana aurayiwe, asi Zhukovsky akakwanisa kuputsa paakaenda mwoyo, uye kazhinji akanunura vanyanduri vakatapwa, akabatsira A. S. Pushkinu, serf nyanduri Dzhafarova. Pamusana naye, Decembrists haana kutumwa kune scaffold, uye akaendeswa kuutapwa kuSiberia. Nokuti izvozvo zvazviri zvinoda tarenda, uye Zhukovsky, hapana mubvunzo akanga. Zvikasadaro, upenyu Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo akasada kupinda pasi munhau. Zvinoratidza sei kukoshesa kutora mafungiro vamiririri imba youmambo nyanduri.

Zhukovsky makore oupenyu vakanga azadzwa pfungwa dzidzo, maererano iyo, uye inova akaenzana mutorwa, uye chiRussian. Asi Russian, yakadzika chivimbo nyanduri, zvinokubatsirai zvikuru kuna Yababa, pane mutorwa. Ekupedzisira achaita kubva youdyire, pane kuti rudo Russia, ayo chete munhu vachatsvaka kubatsira Motherland kusvikira pakuguma. Mukati mezvizvi simba uye simba Yababa, uko kusarudza basa reDare mutemo wamambo.

upenyu Personal Nyanduri

Basil Afanasievich kusina Vakadzi 'murume. Love First akanga asangana nemakore 22 mumba hanzvadzi yake nababa vake, Ekateriny Protasovoy. Mwanasikana wake Masha aiva nemakore 12 okuberekwa, aiva mudzidzi Zhukovsky. Pashure pemakore 7 Basil Woo ari Protassova Masha. Asi akapiwa kukundikana zvakaoma saamai Catherine aiti kuti Mary - muzukuru kuti Basil.

Personal upenyu Zhukovsky akatanga makore 58 okuberekwa akaenda Germany uye akawana mwanasikana shamwari yake, yokudhirowa Reitern, April 21, 1841 The nyanduri akatsaurira nhetembo yake "Elizabeth Reitern", rakabudiswa muna 1840 mumagazini inonzi "Musical uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo Gazette ". Elizabeth panguva iyoyo makore 19 okuberekwa. Kubva muchato mwanakomana Paul uye mwanasikana Alexandra. Makore mashoma Zhukovsky vakarangana pfungwa kudzokera kumusha kwake, asi raimuvhiringidza wake kurwara.

Vose vakaita akararama kwemakore 15.

In April 1852 muguta wokuGermany Baden-Baden, upenyu mudetembi rakanga achatapudzwa.

Muna 1856, Elizabeth akafa Zhukovskaya.

Zhukovsky ari Ndangariro

Interesting zvinhu paupenyu Zhukovsky ape netsamba vakararama. saka hunhu netsamba zvavo zvakawanda. Vamwe kuzviona somunhu chinyararire uye enigmatic unhu, vamwe vanoti kuti Zhukovsky - mweya wekambani. Zvakaoma kutonga, saka, kuvimba prices.

In netsamba dzake, kamera-imwe peji Maria Feodorovna Zhukovsky "vakava chinyararire", iye haana kumbotaura shoko chete muna Russian. Asi vazhinji vaida aifungisisa kukurukurirana pamusoro Abstract misoro zvinozoguma nhetembo azere uchidanana zvifananidzo, akadai "A hwakadzama Mushumo mwedzi." Hapana tsaona netsamba akawanda anoratidza mufananidzo Zhukovsky akanga kuburikidza nhetembo. In kwavari agozviratidza "muroyi", "storyteller", "muimbi revarwi Russian", "muKristu." Ndipo zita nyanduri shamwari, hama uye vanhu vanoziva zvishoma pamusoro.

Kunyange muupenyu hwezuva nezuva kutaura naye vanhu vachiona Vasilii Andreeviche kuchikonzerwa nyanduri. Muchidimbu pamusoro Zhukovsky akati AD Bludova: "Kukurukura naye chete akakwidziridzwa ... wakapfeka zvinenge usingaonekwi flair kuoneka se ake kudanana mifananidzo." Zvisinei, dzimwe vanhu, tinodzidza maitiro zvakasiyana chaizvo. Mune netsamba dzepedyo F. F. Vigelya, A. S. Pushkina, P. A. Vyazemskogo upenyu uye basa Zhukovsky tsvaka zvakasiyana. It anosangana isu pamwe mufananidzo Joker, Joker, "kusetsa uye akangwara nhema."

Saka, gamba redu rinobatanidza maviri achisiyanisa chitarisiko. He-siyana kunooneka pacharo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye basa, asi kuti ndizvo anobvumira kuti kusika kupfuura chaiwo asian. Kukomba ndiyo yakabatana Parody, zvinosetsa - achidanidzira kuti vapenyu Anobvumirana uye akarurama.

mumwe maonero

Interesting zvinhu paupenyu Zhukovsky kuonekwa patinoverenga netsamba Ao Smirnova-Rosset, akadzidza, chaiko pakuridza mukadzi. Iye chinotarisa yake anopenya pamusoro nezuva Zhukovsky, uye saka ayo rondedzero nyanduri anotanga yakasiyana rose. Vasily kuva zvinhu, rudo muduku, mwana wacho mhosva, mutsa, chinosetsa, akavimbika, rudo majee uye majee.

Ari mabhuku Salons havasi pasina V. A. Zhukovskogo, nokuti vanoona maari achivimba yake zvinangwa murume ane innovator mune mabhuku hwemashiripiti. Around mabasa ake nguva dzose vesa vaitirane nharo, izvo zvinoreva kuti anoshandawo pakati vaverengi uye kugumbuka vavengi. Asi Zhukovsky airatidzika achigara pokukurukurirana uye gakava. Akanga vakatarira navo mhiri, achiramba akanyarara. In idzodzo, mashoko munyori pachake, akawana utiziro nhetembo, "rinova yakazvimirira kwevatongi pfupi vanoona zvakanaka uye zvirimo pachayo."

In netsamba dzake, shamwari yepedyo A. S. Pushkina Zhukovsky anoenda shamwari yakavimbika, akatendeka, murwere uye kanan'ana: ". Nhamo ne matambudziko inoshamisa mutambi"

kupfungwa nyaya

Vamwe dzinonakidza zvinhu paupenyu Zhukovsky semunhu norupo nomutsa munhu. netsamba vakawanda vanopemberera ake nomwero, asi kunyatsonzwisisa mufananidzo ayo kunobatsira chete nyaya. Muna 1840, Zhukovsky shamwari akasarudza kumupa zvemasikati, izvo vaida kuuya muzvinafundo vakwegura. Mudetembi akaramba kuzomuona pamusoro muenzi list, nekuti akaverenga laudatory odes ake uye kugumisa kuti Vasily pachake. Complete kusafarira mukurumbira uye kunamatwa nemunyori inechirevo sezvo zvemweya, kuitika ani.

Life uye basa Zhukovsky anoratidza kuti paainge nemateru nezvisingafadzi, asi kuguma mazuva ake asati akaramba wechokwadi zvinangwa zvake. Akanga asina nyanya, vakaisawo saka A. S. Pushkinu muotokuva nemashoko "mudzidzi weNobel kubva muruzi mudzidzisi".

Rimwe zuva chena chando Zhukovsky akaona mupemhi parutivi pomugwagwa pamwe frostbitten netsoka. Anopa naye 110 rubles (chihombe Nemutengo mumazuva iwayo, nokuti kuenzanisa, chisvusvuro yakanaka muresitorendi arasikirwe 10 cent). Zuva rakatevera, iro chirema kubva Zhukovsky mirayiridzo vakaendeswa kuchipatara uye kurapwa mahara.

Izvo asvika nyanduri?

• Ndiye akakurukura Russian Romanticism, vakabatsira ayo chidzoke okugadzira zvinhu zvavo. Kushandura mabasa European, mudetembi akafuridzirwa pfungwa Western uye vakaedza ndavapinza upenyu vanhu Russian, asi wakazviita diplomatically, tichidzivisa mitsetse utsinye pamusoro State, uye ichi chakabereka rudo youmambo kwamachinda. Naizvozvo pfungwa uchidanana yakagadzirwa nemabasa uye nevamwe vadetembi Russian. Zvikurukuru, A. S. Pushkin kwaibva basa Zhukovsky, kukudza uye kurumbidza tarenda rake.
• Nemhaka kubatsirwa Zhukovsky sezvo neshasha, isu vanoziva nemabasa akawanda A. S. Pushkina, kunyanya pamwe nhetembo "Ruslan uye Lyudmila". Alexander - a shasha mabhuku remakore rechi19 - vaisagona kunyora zvakawanda pasina kuverenga ndima Other Zhukovsky, uye chete pashure imwe tinyatsonzwisisa rakaramba kusika.
• Somuperekedzi naMambo Alexander II, Zhukovsky akamudzidzisa kufunga zvikuru, kuvimba pfungwa dzokumadokero, kudyara wamambo kuda uye ruzivo shoma rudo. With chirevo ichi, Alexander II, serfdom yakaguma muna 1861.
• Okugadzira zvinhu Vasily kuzivikanwa nevakawanda Zvizvarwa vaverengi uye inoramba yakakurumbira nanhasi. Ndangariro riri zvakapfuudzira.

Zhukovsky Bibliographie

Zhukovsky makore oupenyu vakasiya chiratidzo yavo. Zvizvarwa akapfuura dzakawanda nhetembo, shanduro, mabhuku nyaya anojekesa nezvakaitika kare, ndiko kare gwaro, rakabudiswa nhasi, izvo zvinoreva okugadzira zvinhu Vasily inotifadza.

Zhukovsky - munyori 6 elegies: ". Singer mumusasa nemasoja Russian" "Rural Cemetery", "Slav", "gungwa", "manheru", "On rufu ...",

Akanyora rwiyo "Ring Maiden mweya" uye "Turgenev, pakupindura tsamba yake," rwiyo, idylls uye odes. Akanyora wokutanga Russian rwenyika "Munyengetero Russian."

Kubva peni yake yakauya rungano "Sleeping Princess", "The zvakaedza chevaux Berende", "The zvakaedza Ivan Tsarevich uye Gray Wolf," "Puss mu Boots."

Munyori 12 ballads - "Svetlana", "Mambo Forest", "Knight Togenburg" uye vamwe. basa rake prose - the yokufungidzira "Marina Grove". Kunyora nyaya, nhetembo, ndima, nhetembo. Goethe akaita anotamisa yokuzvidira, Schiller, Byron, Scott.

Zhukovsky aiva draftsman akanaka uye akasiya dzinonakidza yokunyora nokudhirowa zvizhinji penzura.

Brief Biography Nyanduri

02.09.1783 - kuberekwa Vasiliya Zhukovskogo.

1789 - kuwana kwamachinda.

1797-1801 gg. - kudzidziswa chikoro chebhodhingi, waiva simba panguva Moscow University.

1802 - debut sezvo nyanduri uye mushanduri. Mu "Journal of Europe" yakabudisa nhetembo "Rural Cemetery" - isina shanduro mabasa ari Chirungu nyanduri pakati Gray. The rokusika upenyu Zhukovsky akaramba kusvikira ake okupedzisira mweya.

Of 1808-1809. - mupepeti we "Mutumwa Europe".

1812 - Vasily Zhukovsky akasiya varwi. Akaratidza kuti pasina kuvapo pasi havagoni kunyora nhetembo uye nziyo dzokutsigira nyika manzwiro. Unofanira kuona manzwiro vanhu. Zvikasadaro, mundima musazvitenda.

1815 - vakokwawo basa mudare. Kuwedzera kune mamwe mabasa, vakashumira sezvo narrator of Empress Maria Feodorovna.

1817 - akagadzwa kudzidzisa mutauro wokuRussia muchindakadzi Charlotte.

1825 - Akagadza muperekedzi Alexander II.

1841 - Zhukovsky yokusiya bhodhi upenyu muna 4000 rubles pagore. Muchato Nyanduri. Kutamira Germany.

24.04.1852 guta - rufu nyanduri. Tomb V. A. Zhukovskogo iri kuSt Petersburg, kumakuva iri Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Riri pedyo guva N. M. Karamzina - mudzidzisi Nyanduri.