Acid mvura - acid mvura ...: zvikonzero. The chinetso asidhi mvura

Acid mvura ... Uyu mutsara iri ano, kunyanya mumaguta upenyu zvava chenhando. Kazhinji Chikwata vanotsutsumwa kuti pashure kwakadaro kusingafadzi kunayisa miti dzinotanga vooma, uye puddles kuzviratidza whitish kana yellowish unhani.

Chiiko ichi

Science ane chaicho mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti pane asidhi mvura. Izvi zvose anozivikanwa mhando kwemvura, ane aqueous chakarurama (ph) kudzika pane dzose. The ndeyokuva ph 7. Kana kudzidza kunoratidza musiyapaduku kuti mufananidzo uyu ari sediments, ivo vaiona acidic. Pane zviri kuwedzera zvose maindasitiri tiguu mvura acidity, chando, bvungapfunga nechimvuramabwe muri kakawanda kupfuura dzose siyana.

zvikonzero

Zvakare uye zvakare, inodonha asidhi mvura. Zvikonzero vavete chepfu choutsi zviri maindasitiri zvinomera, motokari chiutsi, kuti zvikuru muduku zvakadini - iri kuora ose okunze. Mhepo unopfachukira sarufa senitrogen oxides, rehydrogen chloride uye dzimwe yeimwe izvo zvinoumba acid. Zvinoguma asidhi mvura.

Pane kunayisa uye alkali kugutsikana. Vanoona kuvapo calcium ions kana amoniya. shoko rokuti "nemvura inonaya iine acid" raigona kuuya kwaari. Izvi imhaka yokuti kupinda mumvura, kana ivhu, kunonaya kwakadaro sei kuchinja mvura-hwaro mwero.

Chii chinokonzera acidic kunonaya

Hapana chakanaka oxidation zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza, Chokwadi, hazvirevi kunotoreva. Zvikuru kunokuvadza asidhi mvura. The zvinokonzera rufu rezvinomera pashure pokushayikirwa kunayisa nhema iri chokwadi kuti nyika acids vari leached dzakawanda dzinobatsira okunze, mukuwedzera, pane kusvibiswa uye nesimbi ngozi: aruminiyamu, kutungamirira uye nevamwe. Utachiona sediments vanogona kuva chinokonzera mutation uye rufu hove mumadziva, zvemamiriro kukura zvinomera munzizi uye madhamu. Zvatinosiita nharaunda, ivo kuvhiringidza: kusvika pamwero mukuru kubatsira kuparadzwa dzinongoitika unhani zvinhu, anogona kuva chikonzero wakakurumidza ngura nesimbi zvivako.

Taongorora vanhuwo cho ichi mumhepo chakajairika, tinogona kugumisa kuti dambudziko nemvura inonaya iine acid ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kubva Environmental pfungwa maonero.

kwesainzi

Zvakakosha kutsanangura Zano makemikari kusvibiswa hwezvisikwa. mhosva nenyonganiso akawanda zvakatipoteredza - asidhi mvura. Yaiva slump zvakadaro yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, kana kemisiti R. Smith kuti Great Britain rinotaurwa mhute uye utsi Ngozi zvinhu, ayo zvikuru mishonga kuchinja kunonaya muenzaniso. Uyezve, nemvura inonaya iine acid - kutanga kuti rinotaura nzvimbo huru, zvisinei kunobva yakasviba. The musayendisiti akacherechedza uye kuparadza kuti zvaiva yakasviba sediments: Chinomera zvirwere, kurasikirwa Ruvara jira, kuwedzera kupararira nengura uye nevamwe.

Vanachiremba vakawanda kunyanya wakanyatsokodzera kutsunga kuti vakadaro asidhi mvura. Nokuti chokwadi nayo chando, bvungapfunga, makore uye nechimvuramabwe. Dry kwaiva kunonaya mumhepo mwando Falls sezvo negasi uye guruva.

Anthropogenic Impact pamusoro pezvisikwa

Kufa nyanza, kwakaderedza nhamba mumatanda hove, masango inonyangarika - zvose migumisiro izvi zvinotyisa rwokuzvarwa oxidation. Wevhu mumasango havasi anenge sezvo nehanya acidification, sezvo madziva, asi zvirimwa kunaka chaizvo maonero kuchinja acidity. Kufanana aerosol kukuvadza sediments putira mashizha uye nemipaini tsono, akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya hunde dzacho zvinopfuura ivhu. Zvinomera anowana kutsva nemakemikari hunhu, zvishoma nezvishoma vachinetesa uye kurasikirwa kugona kurarama. Ivhu anorasikirwa wembereko uye saturate kukura tsika chepfu yeimwe.

zvoutachiona pfuma

Kana vakaongororwa madziva kuGermany, zvakanzi vakawana kuti madziva apo mvura mwero iri yekudyidzana vakatsauka kubva ndozvakajairwa, hove akanyangarika. Chete kwadzo nguva shoma madhamu vakanga vabata.

nhoroondo nhaka

, Zvisikwa inoita munhu Invulnerable kutambura nemvura inonaya iine acid. Acropolis Ancient, iri Greece, inozivikanwa munyika yose nokuda kwayo contours simba pamusoro yakanyungudutswa akaita yemabhura. Century haana kurega zvinhu: vanokudzwa erudzi kuparadzwa nemhepo uye mvura, iine acid mvura zvakare kuwedzera izvi. Kudzorera nhoroondo ounyanzvi vatenzi ano havana kutora matanho kuti vadzivirire simbi kwokubatana pamusoro ngura. Zvakaguma kuti nemvura inonaya iine acid, simbi oxide, anogona kuva chikonzero chikuru makatsemuka mune zvivezwa, machena kukamurwa nokuda ngura kufurirwa.

nemagariro sezvivako

The United Nations akatanga kudzidza mugumisiro nemvura inonaya iine acid nhaka nemagariro. Nokufamba izvi dzave nekusimba Migumisiro zviri mvura yakanaka Stained girazi mahwindo mumaguta Western Europe. Zviuru mavara girazi pangozi kunyura kupinda yokukanganwa. Vanofanira kufadza vanhu maviri remakore nesimba rayo uye mavambo, asi mumakore gumi adarika, nerima nokuda nemvura inonaya iine acid, kutyisidzira kuparadza zvikuru Stained-magirazi mifananidzo. Huruva, sarufa zvakakangwa, vanoparadza Antiques dehwe nebepa. Ancient chigadzirwa pasi pokudzora nesarufa yakasviba vanorasikirwa kugona kwavo kuramba weathering, ave kusimba uye kunogona chiwondomoke kuguruva nokukurumidza.

ecocatastrophe

Acid mvura - ichi idambudziko chakakomba kuti kurarama kwevanhu. Zvinosuruvarisa zviri muupenyu ano zvinoda vachiri kukuru Kuwedzera maindasitiri kugadzira, izvo anowedzera uwandu chepfu choutsi mumhepo. Nyika Vagari kunowedzera, mararamire rinobuda, motokari dziri kuva, simba rakawanda akapfuudza muganhu. Muchiitiko ichi oga TPP of Russian Federation nerimwe gore kusvibisa matani mamiriyoni anhydride ine sarufa.

Acid mvura uye ozone buri

Ozone buri haisi ishoma uye kuti mamwe hombe. Achitsanangura musimboti Fani iyi, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti ichi hachisi chinhu chaicho mukaha mumhepo hamvuropu, uye vari kutyora ukobvu ari ozone layer riri anenge muna 8-15? Km kubva Earth iri stratosphere uye asiwo 50 km. Sumbu ozone zvikuru absorbs inokuvadza ultraviolet nemwaranzi chezuva, kudzivirira nyika kubva nemwaranzi akasimba. Ndokusaka ozone rejeri nemvura inonaya iine acid - ngozi kunowanzoitika upenyu nyika, vachikumbira zvikuru kukurumidza kutarisirwa.

Kuvimbika ozone rukoko

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, anobatana mazita evanhu zvigadzirwa chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). peculiarity yavo zvakanga pakusimba, kushaya kwakanaka, combustibility, hapana muchetura mugumisiro. CFCs zvishoma nezvishoma chaizvo rakatangwa muna pagadzirwe siyana kutonhora zviumbu (kubvira motokari zvipatara), moto, aerosol mudzimba zvinangwa.

Chete pakupera yechipiri yezana maviri mishonga remakore Sherwood Rowland uye Mario Molina, yakanga pfungwa kuti chishamiso fuma, zvimwe aizivikanwa Freon ane simba simba pamusoro ozone layer. Panyaya iyi, iyo CFC anogona "kuyengerera" mumhepo kwemakumi emakore. Zvishoma nezvishoma kumuka pasi, vanosvika stratosphere apo UV nemwaranzi anoparadza Freon yeimwe kusunungura kuiisa chlorine maatomu. Somugumisiro iyi, ozone iri dzikwanise okisijeni nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura pasi ezvinhu muupenyu zvakatipoteredza.

Unotyisa kuti zvidzidzo zvose vanosungirwa yokugadziridza kuiisa chlorine maatomu kwemazana ezviuru ozone mamorekuru. Mukuwedzera, CFCs vanoonekwa magasi kuti kusika inokudza kwepasi uye kubatanidzwa nedanho kwepasi pose. Hazvina kunaka kuwedzera kuti mupiro kuti kuparadzwa ozone rukoko uye kunobatsira chaizvo hunhu. Saka, kuputika magasi ane kusvika zana yeimwe, kusanganisira Mahydrocarbon. Natural CFCs inobatsira kuti rive dete ari ozone tubhokisi basa rukoko pamusoro matanda panyika.

Chii chingaitwa?

Yokuzvifungidzira kunze ngozi nemvura inonaya iine acid, hachibatsiri. Zvino wenyaya ose ezvinhu, pose maindasitiri chirimwa anofanira kutanga kuva matanho nechokwadi rucheno ambient mhepo.

In Rossi kuti hofori miti, akadai "RUSAL", akava kwazvo mutoro yokutaura nyaya iyi mumakore achangopfuura. Havazivi tsitsi zvokushandisa kuti kuisa ano zvakavimbika filters uye kuchenesa zvivako kudzivirira ingress zvomumhepo oxides uye inorema simbi.

Vari kuramba kushandiswa nzira nzira yokuwana simba pasina entailing nemigumisiro inokuvadza. Mhepo uye rezuva simba (somuenzaniso, pamba uye motokari) - iri hausisiri zvokufungidzira, asi kubudirira tsika inobatsira kuderedza uwandu inokuvadza choutsi.

Kuwedzera akadyara nemasango, kuchenesa nzizi uye nyanza, yakarurama kubudiswa marara - zvose dzinobudirira pakurwisa kusvibiswa.