Choutsi pamusoro Zvinosvibisa

Industrial zvoupfumi achabatsirwa, sezvinoita mutemo, kuwedzera kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. maguta Most huru dziri dzinoratidzwa chinokosha Kuwanda maindasitiri zvivako pamusoro mundima zviduku, izvo ngozi dzoutano hwevanhu.

Chimwe zvakatipoteredza zvinhu vane zvikuru raidudzwa sei utano hwevanhu ndiyo mhepo yepamusoro. A mungozi chaiyo parizvino dzinomirira choutsi ose Zvinosvibisa. Izvi imhaka yokuti toxicants kupinda muviri womunhu ainyanya kuburikidza kufema turakiti.

Air choutsi: zvinyorwa

Kusiyanisa pakati dzinongoitika uye anthropogenic manyuko Zvinosvibisa kupinda mhepo. Huru tsvina kuti ane choutsi kubva dzinongoitika mabhuku vari wokunze guruva, kuputika uye miriwo mavambo, magasi uye utsi kunokonzerwa musango uye inowanzorimwa moto, marara uye weathering nematombo nevhu uye nezvimwewo.

mhepo kusvibiswa yomuropa kubva dzinongoitika mabhuku vari necheseri hunhu. Vane diki kuchinja zvakakwana pamwe nguva. Vanonyanya kupa kwemari mumhepo Zvinosvibisa panguva ino Danho nevanhu - dzinoti indasitiri (siyana maindasitiri), kurima uye zvifambiso.

Choutsi kubva mumhepo

The "bhizimisi" pakukura Zvinosvibisa siyana mumhepo ndivo metallurgia uye simba makambani, kemikari maindasitiri, kuvakwa maindasitiri, zvokuimba mapurani.

Mukuita peturu combustion simba zvivako akasiyana-siyana kuti mhepo, yakawanda nesarufa dioxide, kabhoni uye senitrogen oxides, carbon dema. Uyewo, choutsi (mu maduku akawanda) kupa zvimwe zvinhu, kunyanya Mahydrocarbon.

Vanonyanya kupa gaseous uye particulate choutsi mu metallurgia kugadzirwa -. Yanyunguduka vira Kudzingwa yokugadza, pickling kuparadzana sinter muchina drobilnorazmolnoe zvokushandisa, vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa zvokuvakisa, etc. The mukurusa inorwara zvachose kwazvo zvinhu akasunungura mumhepo pamwe carbon monoxide, huruva, anhydride sarufa, nitric oxide. Mune zvimwe vaduku mari vabudiswa manganese, Arsenic, kutungamirira, phosphorus, nemekiyuri nemhute nezvakadaro. Uyewo, zviri nedanho steelmaking choutsi vanoumba chiutsi-gasi nezvakasanganiswa. Ivo ane phenol, benzene, formaldehyde, amoniya uye akawanda zvimwe ngozi zvinhu.

Inokuvadza choutsi kubva makemikari indasitiri emakambani, pasinei mavhoriyamu duku, kune ngozi kunyanya zvakatipoteredza uye sevanhu nemupristi toxicity, yevasungwa uye yakawanda kusiyana inozivikanwa. Kuuya mhepo musanganiswa zvichienderana norudzi chigadzirwa ringaumbwa pamusoro nesarufa oxides, kugadzikana Organic yeimwe, fluorine yeimwe, nitrous magasi, zvinhu zvakaoma, chlorinated yeimwe, rehydrogen sulfide nezvakadaro.

In kugadzirwa zvokuvakisa uye simende choutsi zvine kushanda siyana muguruva. The inokosha rwokugadzira pezvakaitwa zvichitungamirira inotungamirwa dzavo, vari kukuya, obrabatyvaniya kusanganisa zvinhu, intermediates uye zvigadzirwa iri kuerera inopisa magasi nezvakadaro. Around miti inobereka akasiyana zvokuvakisa inogona kuumbwa mapazi kusvibiswa nharaunda kusvika 2000 m. Vari dzinoratidzwa mukuru wevasungwa guruva mudenga kuitika ari tudonhwe gypsum, simende, Goldstone, uyewo mamwe Zvinosvibisa.

choutsi kubva imotokari

Mumaguta makuru, guru uwandu Zvinosvibisa mumhepo kunobva nemotokari. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, ivo pamusana 80 kusvika 95%. The chiutsi magasi ine vakawanda chepfu yeimwe zvakadai senitrogen uye kabhoni oxides, aldehydes, Mahydrocarbon, uye zvichingodaro. (About 200 yeimwe).

Mukuru choutsi zvinochengetwa munzvimbo kokushambadzira anonongedzera uye panosangana nzvimbo apo motokari dziri kutamira yakaderera nokukurumidza uye idling. Kukarukureta pamusoro choutsi mumhepo kunoratidza kuti huru zvinoumba chiutsi pane iyi vari carbon monoxide uye Mahydrocarbon.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, mukusiyana kune mira zvinyorwa, kushanda motokari zvinobatsira mumadhorobha mumigwagwa kuti kusvibisa mhepo kuti musoro urefu. Somugumisiro zvinokonzerwa Zvinosvibisa vari pasi netsoka, vagari dzimba riri munzira, uye chirimwa chizvarwa zvinomera munzvimbo dzakapoteredza.

kurima

Choutsi pamusoro zvinokuvadza mumhepo vekumaruwa ndivo vainyanya mugumisiro mabasa zvipfuwo mapurazi uye yehuku kumapurazi. Improvement izvo zvine yehuku uye mombe, mhepo zvokudya rehydrogen sulfide, amoniya nevamwe magasi izvo kuparadzira pamusoro zvinokosha akareba. Uyewo toxicants ngozi mumhepo somugumisiro chirimwa mapurazi apo spraying mishonga yezvipembenene uye fetiraiza paminda, kubatwa mbeu mu dzokuchengetera, etc.

kumwewo

Kunze pamusoro zvinyorwa, ratinoona choutsi pamusoro Zvinosvibisa yakabereka mafuta uye gasi kugadzira zvinomera. Izvi kunoitika pamusana mugodhi chicherwa yakatsvuka zvinhu uye kubudiswa, pamusoro ejection negasi uye neguruva pachivande zvimbambaira, ichipfuta matombo mumirwi, panguva mashandiro pamusoro incinerators , uye zvichingodaro. D.

Impact pamusoro munhu

Maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, pane kwainge pakati kusvibiswa mhepo uye nhamba zvirwere. Somuenzaniso, ya aibuda zvirwere zvokufema muvana, vanogara nekaupenyu yakasviba dzoga, kubudikidza 2-2.5 nguva kupfuura avo vanogara kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Mukuwedzera, mumaguta, dzinoratidzwa ezvinhu yaivhuvhuta kwezvakatipoteredza, mune vana akacherekedza dzichipfekeka abnormalities iri masoja emuviri uye maumbirwo ropa, pakakuvara compensatory-adaptive zvigadziriswe kune dzezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Zvidzidzo zvizhinji zvakare kuwana kubatana pakati kusvibiswa mhepo uye kufa kwevanhu.

The chikuru zvinoumba choutsi kupinda mhepo hwatingawana siyana vari yakaturikwa nyaya, oxides pamusoro senitrogen, kabhoni nesarufa. Wakazvizivisa kuti mapazi ose exceedance pamusoro NO ₂ uye CO kufukidza 90% kubva dzomumaguta nzvimbo. Izvi choutsi makro zvinoriumba kunogona kukonzera kurwara. Kuunganidza izvi utachiona kunoguma kukuvara mucous membranes uye yokumusoro kufema turakiti, kukura zvemapapu chirwere. Uyezve, yakakwirira kuwanda SO ₂ anogona kukonzera chinopedza zvachinja itsvo, chitaka uye mwoyo, uye NO ₂ -. Toxicosis, vachiberekwa anomalies, mwoyo kukundikana, tsinga zvirwere, etc. Vamwe kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti ukama pakati kuitika kenza yemapapu uye kuwanda SO ₂ uye NO ₂ mudenga.

zvakawanikwa

kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye, chaizvoizvo, mhepo, ane nemigumisiro utano haamo chete asiwo zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Naizvozvo, tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti pokumuka zviyero zvainanga kuderedza choutsi pakati zvinokuvadza mumhepo - rimwe kudiwa nyaya nhasi vanhu.