Administrative uye zviri pamutemo murau nzira. The yezvinoreva yaiona uye zviri pamutemo murau

Kunyange munguva yeMiddle Ages, vanhu vakaziva kuti zvakanakisisa kuvaka mamiriro kunobva simba mutemo uye hapana zvakawanda. Pfungwa iyi nemasayendisiti of Renaissance uye ano yambokurukurwa nenzira dzakawanda. Nhasi, mashoko okuti "kodzero" hakusi itsva munyika nesayenzi. Hapana vanoshamiswa nokuvapo matavi vanoverengeka hurumende. izvi zvose zvinopupurira shanduka kwete evanhu ukama, asi vo kambani pachayo. Huripo sectoral weboka rose nomuviri pamutemo mitemo kubvumira zvikuru zvokufambisa, nokukurumidza uye kunyatsoenderana kukurukurwa haisi imwe mutsetse ukama munharaunda, asi chaizvo upenyu ezvinhu. Zvose maindasitiri zvakafanira kusarudza munhu kubatana pakati pehurumende uye vagari vemo zvakananga kana Vaanotonga. Akafanirwa pakuvapo yakadaro yakatarwa yokupira mitemo murume anogona kutaura nyika wake zviremera nokuda zvachose pamutemo ezvinhu. Pepa ichakurukurwa pamusoro indasitiri mutemo administrative, uyewo nzira kuti anoshandisa waidzora munzanga ukama. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti indasitiri iyi zvishoma chaizvo, kuti anoongororwa zvizere gare gare munyaya ino.

Chii Mutemo Administrative?

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti chero nzira administrative uye zviri pamutemo murau Inzira kuchinja evanhu ukama, anogona kunzi nyaya imwe kana mumwe munda pamutemo. Kazhinji, mutemo pamutemo - chinhu muitiro kuti ine maitiro ayo uye akananga zvinhu, chii chichakurukurwa munyaya pazasi. Panyaya mutemo administrative, zviri pamutemo indasitiri, yokudzora ukama nzvimbo yebasa pamusoro vehurumende, uyewo vakuru mukufamba kwavo pamutemo sungiro. Uyewo, mutemo administrative anoonekwa somunhu sainzi. Iye ari kushingaira kukura inoti post-Soviet uye mune dzimwe nyika dzomuEurope. mutemo Administrative mumwe nezvigadziko kurovedza rwenyanzvi yokupira vanoita. The nzira administrative pamutemo murau wakananga zvakasikwa. Ndizvo nokuti sei zvose private uye nevoruzhinji kufarira.

Nhoroondo kukura mutemo administrative muRussia

Pakutanga, sezvo akadaro, indasitiri hariko zvachose. Administrative bhora yakakamurwa anoverengeka sectors: tsika, dzidzo, zvokurapa, mutemo mapurisa. The chikuru drawback kwakadaro hurongwa ndechokuti anokonzera iri pamutemo tsika, uyewo mutemo dzakawanda. Saka, nyaya yaiona uye zviri pamutemo murau zvavo Ini hariko. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuti riwedzere kuti kukura administrative nemauto akanga mutemo chete mapurisa. nyaya yake yaiva ukama mune vatevedzere mutemo, kuparwa kwemhosva, kuti nechokwadi zvakanaka vagari. It ari indasitiri kokutanga akamutsa mubvunzo pamusoro sangano yomunyika kuzvidzora. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti nechokwadi kwete chete pamutemo hukama kunobva hurumende kuvanhu, asi kuna streamline kuti mashandiro ari chaizvo nehurumende hurongwa. Saka, pfungwa "kuzvidzora womukati" ndiyo Dzinde ano mutemo administrative.

Nyaya murau pamutemo mutemo administrative

Sezvambotaurwa, nyaya yaiona uye zviri pamutemo murau kunobvumirwa zvemagariro ukama nokure basa zviremera vavo namachinda. Kubva pano unogona kusarudza inonyanya ukama nokuda indasitiri:

- Kushandiswa paruzhinji mabasa zvainanga kudzivirira kodzero, rusununguko uye zvinofarirwa vemunyika. Kwemitemo.

- Settlement munyaya iri rinokosha Maitiro murayiro.

- Kwaakaita paruzhinji yaitonga mhiri voruzhinji mubereko muchikwata.

- Organization rokudzora ukama pakati hurumende uye vagari, varikutonga masimba avo vakuru, mamiriro uye juridical Vanhu, mabhizimisi, etc ...

- The sangano administrative rulemaking.

- The murau munzanga ukama, iro rinoshandiswa mumwe kana imwe nzira administrative pamutemo murau.

Kufunga zvose izvi zvinhu, tinogona kugumisa kuti nokuda administrative mutemo inopa masangano pamwe womukati mashandiro ari muhurumende, uyewo kwokunze kubatsira vagari.

Kupatsanura pakati administrative ukama

To musi, masayendisiti vakaumba zvikuru kwazvo pamutemo kupatsanura pakati administrative ukama, zvinoti:

1. Maererano wepamutemo characterization pakati ukama kusiyanisa Maitiro (vakawedzera mumunda zvakananga murau maererano chisarudzo nyaya nomunhu hunhu) uye zvinhu (pachena ukama managerial).

2. Kubva nhamba mabasa kodzero nyaya yaiona-pamutemo ukama kusiyanisa mapoka maviri: ukama pakati kuzviisa pasi uye ukama, apo vadzidzi, chokwadi, zvakaenzana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ekupedzisira maonero zvinowanzooneka vakatsoropodza, nekuti, maererano masayendisiti akawanda, ezvemitemo uye okutarisira nemirau maererano dzavo ndeve uye chaizvo indasitiri haagoni chengetedza ukama pakati zvakaenzana nyaya. Pane nguva dzose kuzviisa pasi.

3. Pachishandiswa zvakawanda mumatare chokwadi kuti kukonzera pamutemo ukama kuti kusiyanisa ukama pamutemo uye pamutemo mabasa.

Mumwe nzira administrative uye zviri pamutemo murau rimwe dhigirii kana mumwe zvainanga murau ukama inopiwa. Zvisinei, unofanira kutanga kunzwisisa chii yepamutemo murau sei voitakura ari administrative zvekutepfenyura.

Ndeipi pamutemo murau?

Absolutely matavi zvose mutemo kutsivana murau zvimwe evanhu ukama. mashandiro yakadaro kungoti zvakakodzera, nokuti vanhu, ayo chaizvoizvo, sezvinoita boka vaduku chete vanoda chimwe chinhu nguva dzose kukwereta, kana basa ravo riri kudzora. Saka, vachibatsirwa repamutemo dzemunharaunda vari chikwata vanhu. Legal mutemo ane tsananguro nesayenzi. mashandiro ichi chinoitwa kuti decipher ave muitiro nechinangwa kuchinja mamiriro mumagakava ukama imwe mhando. Kwakadaro chiito rinoitwa pachishandiswa nzira uye zviri pamutemo nzira, zvichienderana norudzi ukama uye maindasitiri yavaifanira zviripo. Asi chinangwa pamutemo migumisiro havasi chete nomutemo, asi kuti munhu vatambi. Pamutemo kuzvidzora chinhu yakafara izwi zvinosanganisira unyanzvi nzira dzakadai somumwe pakutevedzera pamutemo chokupfeka. The mashandiro pamusoro administrative pamutemo murau kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro utariri indasitiri tsika.

Nzira huru mbiri pamutemo ekisiposha

The mashandiro pamusoro administrative uye zviri pamutemo murau kwakavakirwa nzira huru mbiri inova hwaro upi kuchinja zvachose. Yeuka kuti nzira iri chine unyanzvi uye zvokushandisa raishandiswa kunzvenga kuti imwe indasitiri. Saka, nzira - iri kunzwisisa pfungwa unoenderana kupfungwa kana zvimwe PARTICIPLE hurongwa mutemo. Pezvokuvamba yaiona uye zviri pamutemo murau mashandiro ari nhoroondo kwakavakirwa nzira mbiri huru:

1. inotodiwa kuti zvakanakisisa asangana zvinangwa mutemo administrative. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti nyaya anogona kuita chete mukati zvachose hwatenderwa. In ichi kunyanya zviito hazvina inadmissible nekuti chero kutsaudzira hwakazara basa inogumbura. Uyewo zvinokosha nzira kunosanganisira kushandisa coercive matanho. It tinoberekwa paruzhinji-law sectors.

2. Zviri rakasiyana chakagadzirwa kunosanganisira nzira pamutemo dispositive. Nyaya vanopiwa mukana kuita panguva ungwaru yavo nemhaka yokuvengwa kuumbwa zviri pamutemo. Nzira tinoberekwa kusvika zvose maindasitiri, kunyanya private. It dzinongoita inobva kuenzana vemapato.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kutsanangurwa yaiona uye pamutemo murau saizvozvo huru kuti hazvibviri kuita kungovimba dispositive nzira nokuti nyaya vose vakaenzana. Kazhinji zvakakosha kushandisa nzira simba nokumanikidzwa, asi nzira chourongwa nezvimwe pamutemo tinoberekwa maitiro.

Zviratidzo administrative nzira

nzira yepamutemo mutemo mutemo administrative Rine zvinhu dzinokosha dzakawanda dzakanga yakaumbwa pasi kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu ukama izvo rinoumbwa zvakananga Industry mashandiro. Saka, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinogona pachena:

- Administrative pamutemo uye nzira - nguva dzose nzira yemirau hurumende, sezvo imwe pati anopa mumwe kubatanidzwa mirairo.

- The mapato varege kushandura hunhu pamutemo ukama administrative mhando chero zvazvingava.

- The mapato havana zvakananga zvakarurama. Imwe nyaya iri nguva dzose omurume mumwe.

- Imperativeness ani murau.

- Normative chengetedzo anogara centralized.

Unyanzvi, iyo nzira iri rakatangwa

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzira yaiona pamutemo murau ari chinozoiswa chete kuburikidza dzimwe nzira idzo zvinowanzoshandiswa basa zvekutepfenyura. Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinokosha unyanzvi:

1. mushonga - iri nzira inobva chokwadi chokuti nyaya achaita kutevedza zvinodiwa zvaitaurwa imwe zvemutemo urongwa. Non-abvume haangavi nemhosva mumatare nemigumisiro, kana kunaka, kana zvakanaka. Pfungwa mutemo administrative Sezvineiwo anowedzera pfungwa nzira iyi, nekuti vanenge zvinhu zvayo Implementation.

2. Kuburikidza wokurambidza pokugumira chii chinogona kukonzera chaizvo migumisiro yakaipa kuti munhu anenge avatadzira. Kana kutyora okurambidzwa pane mukana kushandisa zvimwe zviyero simba (administrative kana chirango chiito).

3. Kubvumira yakavimbika zvikuru nzira ezvidzidzo administrative uye zviri pamutemo nzira. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti nyaya anopiwa mukana kusarudza kubva wandei nzira kuti maitiro avo. Kazhinji, kushandisa mvumo yaidzorwa nomutemo ukama chokuita mumabasa vakuru.

Panewo dzakawanda dzimwe nzira kuti pave nzira yaiona uye zviri pamutemo murau.

Dzinenge nzira Implementation of administrative nzira

matanho maviri anodiwa kuratidza kuti administrative nzira iri rakatangwa kakawanda, asi ivo vasingawanzotauri nezvokukundwa:

1. Kugamuchira administrative noutariri tinoberekwa mumunda simba utariri munzvimbo vehurumende. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti rakakwirira mushandi anopiwa kodzero hake chero ake pasi kuti vaite chero chiito kana chokupika dzichipfekeka mabasa.

2. Pfungwa administrative uye zviri pamutemo murau mashandiro inopa kunzwisisa matambudziko pamusoro ukama pamutemo anoitwa kuburikidza nokushandisa mitemo. Latest akatorwa pamirau departmental kana kutanga kwavo. nzira iyi inonzi pravoudostovereniem. Chaizvoizvo Its ndechokuti simba ruzhinji anekodzero kuti ape munhu anokosha mabasa kuti asimbise kuvapo dzakananga yakatarwa kodzero uye mitoro.

yechipiri nzira

In mutemo administrative vari akashandisawo dzimwe nzira murau, asi ivo vari kukosha, nokuti haabvumiri kuti zvakazara dzika ose sectoral mabasa. Saka, yechipiri dzinoshandiswa:

1. Promotion. For yepamusoro kuzadzika kwayo sungiro uye Kuzadziswa mashandiro chokuita nenyaya uchishandisa chiyero kubatsirawo.

2. Kurumbidza nzira kunotibvumira kupa nyaya mukana aite mumwe (varumbidzwa) nzira, asi haina hake iye kuita kuti nzira. Vasiri kutevedzera hazvimboiti kuti migumisiro.

Ndiani nyaya murau?

Kakawanda vanhu havazivi uyo chaizvoizvo kufukidzwa administrative murau. Kuongorora pfungwa mutemo administrative, Tinogona kuziva anoverengeka nyaya indasitiri, zvinoti:

- Natural uye zviri pamutemo vanhu.

- The Executive zvitunha wehurumende simba.

- Non-State Enterprises.

- Vatorwa uye ndeyedu munhu.

Panyaya masangano aya anogona kushandiswa nzira uye zvinoreva kuti vabudirire administrative mutemo webazi mabasa. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

Basa nebazi mutemo administrative

To musi, masayendisiti kusiyanisa zvinotevera mashandiro management indasitiri:

- pravoispolnitelnaya,

- hwesangano,

- kufambisa,

- kwemitemo,

- lawmaking.

Pamazita iri kuramba kukura, nokuti magariro ukama nzvimbo management tichingotarisira Virtual.

mhedziso

Saka, munyaya takazoziva chii yaiona uye pamutemo murau. Pfungwa muchikwata ichi chinoratidza kukosha uye kubudirira yose maindasitiri munyika nhasi.