Aldan River, Yakutia: rondedzero, unhu uye nzvimbo

In huru mativi wenharaunda Yakutia, zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro sezvo kuchamhembe Khabarovsk Territory, anomhanyira mumwe rechibharo kupfuura Lena River - rwizi Aldan. Maererano neimwe shanduro, rakashandurwa kubva Tunguska zita rayo rinoreva "hove" panorumwe - chinhu Evenk shoko uye anoshandura se "divi", kureva, lateral inflow.

jogirafi

Kwakatangira rwizi anotora kurutivi rwokumusoro anova muhomba. Zviri pedyo nomuganhu Yakutia uye Amur nharaunda. Ruchiyerera napakati Aldan rwenze ari yakamanikana matombo mugero, anoumba vazhinji Sills uye nezvikumbaridzo. Kubva nguva apo vabati vechibharo dzinoyerera muna Aldan Timpton uye Uchur, rwizi Anoparadza kumupata, uye ipapo runoyerera achitevedza intermountain mubani. Rezasi kunosvika of Aldan River rinotsemuka kupinda mapazi akawanda, zvichiumba migero refu uye zvitsuwa zvizhinji. Mukati catchment nzvimbo ine yokuwanda makungwa (kupfuura 50,000), remasangano iyo sechinhu Toko kukuru.

Kuti chikamu nharaunda nyika yedu, apo rwizi Aldan, ane nani kwazvo okunze. Muna October madziva akafukidzwa chando. Hakuna kusara uye Aldan - chando pamusoro rwizi akaramba kwemwedzi dzinenge nomwe, imwe Ndinoda-up inotanga muna May.

Kureba rose urefu rwizi 2273 makiromita. By bhuku eko mumwe nzizi pakukura Russia. Nokuti Lena River ndiye anenge chimwe muzvitatu. Area Aldan River anenge zviuru 730 akaenzana makiromita.

hydrology

mafashamo nguva kunotora May kusvika July. Panguva ino, mvura pamwero inokwira kusvika 10 metres, ayo vapera zviri 48 zviuru cubic metres. m / s. Mafashamo zvichiri kuitika munguva kubva August September. Winter kunwa muduku - hapana anopfuura 4% pa annum. Rwizi kunyanya mvura uye chando. Makemikari anoumba remvura-karusiyamu bicarbonate, kuvapo mairi kubva ichiputswa munyu haisi kupfuura 0.3 g / l.

Mutero rworwizi Aldan

Mhiri rwizi pane kureba 275 makuru uye zviduku rechibharo, ane urefu zvachose ndiyo 10 makiromita. Chikuru chacho Uchur, ayo mvura iyerere pamuromo ndiyo 1350 cubic metres. m / s. Zviri rworudyi mutero of Aldan 812? Km refu. Translated kubva Evenk Uchur rinoreva "chamupupuri", "muramba". Zvinenge zvose nzira yayo rwizi inenge batwa nemakomo, saka zvinondiremera chakakombama gwara.

May anozivikanwa seimwe rwizi guru yokuYakutia - imwe mutero of Aldan River Watershed vanopfuura 170 akaenzana mamita. m. Maererano urefu dzinounzwa pakati Amga zvose, izvo anomhanyira anenge akaererana rokumusoro kunosvika kuna Aldan pamusoro. Its pasi ari pakazara hurungudo, uye pamusoro okumusoro migove kuona mapopoma akanaka uye canyons amabwe, izvo anokwezva kwazvo revashanyi vaya vanofarira Outdoor mabasa.

Pakati pezvimwe rechibharo, izvo zvokudya parwizi Aldan, zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa Timpton, rakasimba Tori, tumar, Bario, Tompo.

Flora

Bheseni iri taiga. Nevhu pabutiro zvinosiyana. ane Misiyano kurudyi uye vakasiya mativi kwedziva. Saka, kurutivi rworudyi pamusoro mujinga ari Watershed iri hunodzorwa migodhi uye Goltseva uye permafrost podzolic ivhu pamusoro muhomba. On tenuka pamusoro floodplain vari kupfuura kwakapararira permafrost taiga nevhu.

Munzvimbo idzodzo, apo rwizi runoyerera Aldan, zvinomera kavha ine kusawirirana kuenzaniswa navamwe Central Yakut mubani. Asi, wemarudzi, inowanzorimwa uye Marsh nharaunda, hunodzorwa masango coniferous uye Deciduous. Tree marudzi - vanoondoroka, spruce, Birch, larch uye emisidhari nhume. Spruce kunodzora chete kumaodzanyemba bheseni. Masango Pine kugara munzvimbo duku raiiswa misoro anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Uyewo isingawanzowanikwi uye pangozi dzakawanda zvirimwa zvikure muna Aldan River bheseni.

Muna August - September, vanhu veko kuunganidza yakanaka kukohwa howa munzvimbo. Vari hunodzorwa howa, russula, Aspen.

fauna of

Amphibians vanomirirwa kunyanya Siberian datya uye nedzvinyu. Shiri vanogara izvi zvikamu dipper, dema kondo, dema Mallard. Uyewo spruce Grouse, Kingfisher, Jay, zvitema-wachena thrush - shiri iri zvinenge asina kuwanikwa dzimwe kumatunhu Yakutia.

Kumaodzanyemba bheseni anogara mhuka poro, musk mhembwe, voles, pika. The elfin misidhari mukuru nhamba dzebhurauni mabheya, uye apo rwizi anotora nzvimbo gomo kuti murege -oma munguva yechando, zvinhu zvinogarodyiwa otter.

Zvikuru yakakura zvakasiyana-siyana hove ndiyo inozivikanwa rwizi rayo Aldan. Yakutia pasina chikonzero chinhu chakakurumbira mucheto kubva anglers. Rwizi akafuma kwazvo hove - knot, Rainbow, grayling, Siberian roach, Pike, Sturgeon.

zvinobatsira

On munharaunda bheseni varipo guru deposits zvicherwa akadai marasha, ndarama, Mika. Aldan - rinokosha gang, iyo inopa aina zvibereko makambani migodhi, uyewo zvichiita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nokuda vanogara nzvimbo uye mabhizimisi murwizi. The chikuru chengarava - nayo Khandyga misha, Ust-Maya, uye guta Eldikan Tommot. Over 1,600? Km navigable Aldan.

Kamwe idzi achiitei Dalstroi yechibharo. Nhasi, yakawanda mumatanda hove uye zviwanikwa zvinokwezva, riri inozivikanwa kuti rwizi Aldan, atambudzwe revashanyi vehove. Edge anokwevera kwayo unspoilt runako chinoshamisa uye ukuru. Lakes uye mumipata, hova kudonha kubva mawere, matombo pamhenderekedzo rwizi hombe kunonakidza kutarira.

nyaya

It Vakawana kuti vokutanga yakatarwa rutsoka panyika ino vanenge 40 chemakore BC. vanhu vokutanga vaigara pano kuvhima bison, mammoths, vagari panguva rwizi bheseni. Vakabva akanyangarika nokuda vasingazivikanwi zvikonzero, uye pashure pemakore 30.000 muzvikamu izvi vakauya mumwe vemo kuti anenge avhima poro uye Stony. Pari pamahombekombe erwizi Aldan akawana pamusoro nzvimbo zana kungova dzendarira nedare Ages.

kuchinjika

Available mabhiriji mu yakamanikana chikamu rwizi vari pehuni flooring. In kudzika mvura kazhinji ufambe kubva kumahombekombe mumwe rinoitwa kuti afambe nomumvura. Winter takayambuka kunoitika pamusoro chando, uye chikepe chirimo. Uyezve, vaitofanira nepurogiramu akanga asina. The chikepe unoshanda chete panguva chemasikati maawa uye panguva zvizere mutoro. Munguva offseason, kuyambuka haisi zvachose. Nhasi inoguma kuvaka zambuko chitsva yeUnited Mugwagwa mhiri rwizi Aldan, ayo zvachose kureba 970 metres.