Alende Salvador: Biography, mapikicha, prices. Ndiani Akawisira Salvador Allende?

Salvador Allende - ndiani? Aibva 1970 kusvika 1973 aiva purezidhendi Chile. Panguva iyoyowo aifarira mukurumbira hunoshamisa USSR uye bloc neSoviet. Chii Akakwezva vanhu Salvador Alende? Brief Biography munhu uyu aishamisa, uye mitemo iri kukurukurwa pazasi.

mavambo

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo reSalvador Allende? Biography ake akatanga muSantiago June 26, 1908 kuti mhuri nevakadzidza uye vezvematongerwo enyika. Ake-guru sekuru pakutanga remakore rechi19 raiva shamwari O'Higgins, mukuru yemuna muChile pamusoro Spanish ichitongwa neBritain. Sekuru Ramon Salvador Allende aiva musayendisiti yokurapa, dhini medfakulteta Yunivhesiti Chile, uyewo chiremba uyo aimbotaurawo War of Pacific kuzorwa Bolivia uye Peru, akarongeka ane hondo wemishonga zvechiuto. baba Salvador akanga ari gweta, leftist.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Apo akadzidza uye akakura Salvador Allende? Biography ake ave mberi mumatunhu akasiyana-siyana Chile, El Salvador, apo baba vake kakawanda akamunzwira wake nevana vachitsvaka nzvimbo iri nani Advocacy. Pakupedzisira, iye akagadzwa gweta chengarava muguta Valparaiso. Pano Allende Salvador chikoro zvokurapa. Nechekare mumakore ake okutanga airatidza katsika enyika basa, vakananga kunyika kukoreji vadzidzi 'Federation. Mukutanga 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore akaenda Santiago ndokupinda Medical mano University.

Socialist Republic of Chile muna 1932

mamiriro ichi iripo chete nomudzimai vhiki muzhizha 1932 uye yakabuda munzvimbo pave zvizere pokuwa mari upenyu munyika somugumisiro Depression. Power muna Chile yave akabatwa boka yakakura kuruboshwe pfungwa nemauto inotungamirwa Marmaduke Grove (aiva shamwari yababa vake, Salvador Allende, uye mukoma Grove yakanga akaroora hanzvadzi yake), uyo rakaparidzirwa musoro Revolutionary Government of Socialist Republic of Chile. Hurumende itsva chirongwa kwayo rakazivisa nzira yezwi gutsaruzhinji, nationalization nzira dzinokosha mabhizimisi uye mabhanga, asi seboka zvarinoroora yacho emakambani duku, kuchinjwa nyika vanhuwo zvavo, ruregero enyika vasungwa, izvo vazhinji pashure akatevedzana yapfuura dzakakurumbira yokumukira.

Salvador Allende akadana vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti kutsigira chimurenga. Asi akava pfupi-akararama remakore, hurumende echimurenga rakaparadzwa, nhengo dzayo takasungwa, uye vazhinji vatsigiri vechimurenga. Akasungwa uye richangobva wezvokurapa mudzidzi Alende Salvador (chete risati ratanga pokuchinja, akagamuchira ake zvokurapa dhigirii), iyo iri yemauto redzimba riri Carabinieri (the analoginen of Interior Mauto), uye ipapo ndakaedza rechiuto dare.

Panguva ino Valparaiso akazviratidza parufu baba vake, uye El Salvador akaunzwa pasi perekedza kumba kwake kuna baba uye mwanakomana aigona kutaura bhayibhayi. Sezvo iye akazoti, uyu akashungurudzwa nguva yakauya kutsunga kurwira mukukunda gutsaruzhinji mupfungwa dzake.

Sezvineiwo Allende akapidigura hurumende vapanduki pachavo nokukurumidza akarasika simba, uye ipapo vakawanda nokumukirana, kusvikira purezidhendi zvokungoitawo Figueroa haana rakazivisa ruregero vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika. Nokuti basa enyika akadzoka pakureva Easter Island Marmaduke Grove, akasunungurwa uye Alende Salvador.

Education Socialist Party

Muchirimo 1933 nhamba masangano mugovanisi vaiita basa iri echimurenga zvakaitika 1932, vakaungana uye akaumba Socialist Party pakati Chile, ane mutungamiri akava Marmaduke Grove (vakananga bato kwemakumi emakore maviri kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1954), uye rimwe zvikuru nhengo - Allende El Salvador. Nokukurumidza iye akasika kurongwa Socialist Party muna Valparaiso. Muna 1937, Allende akasarudzwa kuti National Congress of Valparaiso province.

Muna 1938, Allende akanga basa pamushandirapamwe of Popular Front, nominated dzavo vemutungamiri kukwikwidza zviri kukuru Pedro Aguirre Cerda. Popular Front sirogani "Chingwa, pokugara, uye basa!". Mushure mukuwana sarudzo Cerda Alende Salvador akava utano gurukota iri kuchinja Popular Front hurumende, iyo hunodzorwa radicals. Panguva yake post, iye aitsigira kuitwa zvakawanda mberi evanhu zvinhu, kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa mitemo yaidzivirira vashandi mafekitari, wakakwidzwa pensions chirikadzi, iri Maternity Protection Act uye kuunzwa akasununguka zvokudya vechikoro.

Political basa iri 40-60s

Pashure President Aguirre Cerda rufu muna 1941, Allende akanga kuzodzosera akasarudzwa nhengo yeparamende, uye muna 1942 akava mukuru munyori Socialist Party. Kubva muna 1945 kusvika muna 1969, Allende akasarudzwa Seneta kubva siyana Chilean mapurovhinzi, uye muna 1966 akava purezidhendi Chilean Seneti. Panguva 50s iye aitsigira pakatanga mitemo akasika Chilean National Health Service, wokutanga chirongwa muUnited States kuti hunovimbisa nokudenga kutarisirwa utano.

Sezvo pakutanga 50s Allende akarwa katatu remuSamoa nokuda yapurezidhendi. All katatu, aiva anoda kubhabhatidzwa wacho Front "Popular Action", wakasikwa Socialist uye vaKomonisiti.

Elections 1970

In kusarudzwa wenyika akabata kuti gore rakanga vakakunda anoda kubhabhatidzwa itsva nesarudzo bloc "National Unity" (rinoumbwa Socialist, vaKomonisiti uye vamwe pakati-kuruboshwe mapato) Salvador Allende Goossens. Winning haana kurangarira hunogutsa chaizvo - Iye scored 36.2 chete muzana sarudzo, apo muvengi wake dzapedyo, aimbova Chilean mutungamiri Jorge Alessandri akagamuchira 34,9 muzana. Asi kurwa wechitatu, uyo aimbotaurawo nesananguro wechiKristu Democratic Party, akavhotera vamwe vavhoti, vane purogiramu iri pedyo "National Unity". Saka tinogona kufungidzira kuti Chilean muvanhu vakanga vachida kuchinja. Maererano Chilean Constitution, National Congress mvumo semutungamiri aikwikwidza vakagamuchira Nhamba huru mavhoti, kureva. E. Allende.

Conversion nguva wenyika

Kamwe nesimba, Allende akatanga kuita "Chilean unoenda gutsaruzhinji." Kwemakore matatu hurumende "National Unity" nationalized, kureva, mumaoko ehurumende chikuru zviwanikwa yenyika; .... Copper nedare mhangura deposits, deposits kuti marasha, nitrate, etc. voruzhinji kwemauto akasikwa, raisanganisira mugove Chilean weshumba indasitiri. Aidzorwa ehurumende yakanga rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura uye dzimwe kutengeserana. Allende hurumende ichadzorerwa nomukadzi Cuba uye amnestied vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika.

State kuwana maoko avo pamusoro nouchapupu mari yakanga kare akananga muchimiro mari mumaoko dzebhizimisi varidzi. Zvinokwanisika yekudyidzana kusimudza mararamiro. Minimum mubayiro yechokwadi vashandi kurimwa kwave yakawedzera 56% panguva yokutanga chikamu 1971, apo munguva imwe chete, zvechokwadi shoma mubayiro "chena chipika" kwave yakawedzera 23%. Somugumisiro, vanhu rokutenga simba chavagari yakawedzera 28% munguva kubva November 1970 kusvika July-October 1971. The mitengo zvazvingava akawa 36.1% muna 1970 kusvika 22.1% muna 1971, apo avhareji mubayiro chaivo yakawedzera 22.3% panguva 1971. Pasinei nokuti kumhanyisa kuti mitengo mumakore 1972-1973. vasanyanya chikamu kwokutanga mubayiro kuwedzera, kuchiri akakura (avhareji) nemashoko chaiwo, uye mumakore aya.

Allende hurumende expropriated Estates zvose kuti kupfuudza makumi masere "Musimboti" ha, saka kuti mumakore gumi mwedzi zvose Chilean latifundia (guru zvokurima Estates) vakanga akabvisa.

Minimum pensions vakanga yakawedzera mari yakaenzana kaviri kana katatu mwero mitengo. Pakati pa1970 1972, gore pensions vakadaro yakawedzera vanosvika 550%.

Mugore upenyu Allende rokuti okutanga nemigumisiro zveupfumi zvainzwisisa chaizvo: 12% kuwedzera maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye kuwedzera GDP, 8.6%, achiperekedzwa guru kudzikisa mitengo (kubvira 34,9% kusvika 22.1%) uye mwero (kusvika 3.8% ).

Allende kumiririrwa musimboti hweruzhinji

President of Socialist uye zvimwe ive idealist pachisikigo haana kutenda kuti aimbova varidzi nationalized zvinhu achaenda kufamba kuti avadzose. Zvinotarisirwa kubva kutendeuka rayo Salvador Allende? Quotes kubva kutaura ake anoratidza kuti iye aidavira efficacy kuzvitonga. Naizvozvo, akati, "Chilean gutsaruzhinji ndiko kukunda vose vanhu Hakuzi kusikwa kana chipo hwokushandisa zvidzidzo, uye achadzivirira vaya chibayiro, akazviunganidzira pamusoro zvizvarwa zvizhinji, vakauya naye .....". T. E. Alende aidavira kuti mamiriro masangano, maererano nenhungamiro hweruzhinji, achaita kuda vakawanda vanhu (semuna. E varombo chikamu) kusiyana zvinodiwa propertied vashoma. Nhau dzakaitika dzakaratidza kuti aiva zvakaipa.

Ndiani Akawisira Salvador Allende?

Pachena uye chinyararire pamusoro "National Unity" mutemo wehurumende akaita hurumende US vari kubatana makuru US makambani. Vakabva vatanga chirongwa kwezvoupfumi strangulation itsva Chilean hurumende. Kune kupa zvikwereti pakarepo zvavakatemerwa kurambidzwa, zvakanga pasi -oma kwete chete zvikwereti kubva US pacharo, asiwo vose dzakawanda masangano zvemari umo United States uye ipapo, uye ikozvino basa guru.

Chilean indasitiri yaiva blockade iri nemigove yakatsvuka zvinhu uye kupembedza nhengo. US choutsi kutengesa ayo reserves yemhangura inokosha, rawa kure mutengo simbi iyi, izvo akabvumira kutengeswa huru vatorwa mukutsinhana mari yacho Chilean yepfuma. Buyers ose Chilean mhangura akaratidza kusingaenzaniswi vachimanikidzwa kuvamanikidza kuti vazivise munhu zvirango ayo kutora, kusanganisira kunyange mari avo vakanga vatova chengarava kuti vachidzikisa. Chilean mutungamiriri zvose zvikumbiro zvavo kugadzirisa chikwereti kwokunze vaunganidza nehurumende zvapfuura, akagashira chinhu categorical kuramba.

Somugumisiro, pakazosvika 1972 padanho mitengo iri Chile kwakasvika 140%. Average GDP chaiyo yakaderera pakati 1971 uye 1973. pamwero wenyika 5.6% ( "kunaka kukura") pagore; uye hurumende bhajeti dhefisiti yakawedzera, apo dzimwe chinjanai reserves vakawa.

nokukurumidza United States akatora zvakananga Kufambisa ari pakavanda masimba enyika inoshora Allende, uye achivapa mari uye zano. Nyika akapinda boka deginamajai yomuchipatara akatanga kuronga okupandukira mabasa. American muchiuto basa muna Chile Vachikurudzirwa pachena Chilean vatariri kusateerera hurumende.

On the echiShinto vaenda dzinokosha zvokudya (vanochengetedza varidzi dzavo), izvo zvakaita kuti nokuwedzera dema kumusika mupunga, bhinzi, shuga uye youpfu. Parliament, matare, ivo nhengo weHurumende kudzora zviyero hurumende sabotaged. Media vakanyeperwa vanhu, vakapararira makuhwa mutungamiri utsinye achikurudzirwa nokutya uye pakaunda nezviyero hurumende itsva. Mhingaidzo pasi pamwe hurumende nemauto, Somuenzaniso, wemasoja Carlos Prats, uyo, pasi kumanikidzwa zvenhau akamanikidzwa kusiya. Panyaya iyi, iyo yokurega nomukuru wake mudonzvo takashandisa akanyengetedza Chilean Army Augusto Pinochet, vanobhadhara kwomuromo kuti kururamisira munyika, asi chaizvoizvo aikoshesa pfungwa zvemauto akabvuta chigaro. Uye asati kusiya Prats rakarumbidza kuti purezidhendi somutsivi wake. Alende Salvador uye Pinochet nokukurumidza kwemakumi mashomanana emakore ave vasingasiyani zviratidzo yemberi ropa Chilean zviitiko.

Saka, ndiani akapidigura Salvador Allende? It akaita reactionary Chilean muchiuto, vachitsigirwa nehurumende US.

kubvuta masimba 1973

Muzhizha 1973 mamiriro ezvinhu munyika hwaderera. Mukupera June, paiva achiedza kokutanga zvemauto akabvuta chigaro, zvakanga ipapo kudzivisa. Panguva kuedza ichi, Allende akadana vashandi kutora mafekitari, matunhu uye zvimwe zvivako zvinoshandiswa nevoruzhinji. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika yacho vakanga vakaumba vokuSoviet vashandi 'uye vanhuwo zvavo' nevatedzeri vakatanga simba mumaoko avo.

Pakupindurwa wavanozvisunga ratanga nemarori makambani. The nyika yave rakada kumira zvokudya muguta. Hurumende requisitioned varidzi motokari. Pashure paizvozvo, zvose pamusoro nyika yakatanga zviito kwemagandanga, kuputika, simba mitsetse uye mapaipi. Panguva iyoyowo General Pinochet pachivande kupedzerwa muna Army uye Navy chaidzo Kuchenesa varanda uye varwi kutsigira "National Unity". Ivo chitsotsi muna Valparaiso pachiteshi, paakange akaramba ari akabata ngarava yehondo, hwega.

Mukupera August, purezidhendi akataura pamusoro paramende, hurumende yakazivisa munyika zvisiri pamutemo. In mangwanani September 1973 purezidhendi zvinganaka pfungwa kugadzirisa yepamutemo dambudziko nokuda plebiscite. Speech uchitsanangura mhinduro yakadaro aifanira kutaura musi September 11 pacharo Allende Salvador. The kubvuta masimba, izvo nhasi vakaita Chilean muchiuto, rinotungamirirwa Pinochet, hwekubvisa urongwa.

Alende Salvador: rufu uye kusafa

Nguva pfupi asati kubatwa nevapanduki kuti La valuutta (Presidential Palace), pamwe kwepfuti uye kuputika inzwiwe zvakajeka necheseri, Allende akati paredhiyo yokuoneka kutaura, achitaura pachake ari zvatoitika, rudo rwake nokuda Chile uye kutenda kwakasimba kwake munguva yemberi iri nyika. Akati,

"Vashandi vangu nyika, ndine kutenda muna Chile yaro muupenyu. Other varume richavakunda ichi rima uye inovava nguva apo hurumende anotsvaka kukunda. Ziva kuti nokukurumidza nzira huru achasvinudzwa zvakare, uye achasunungura vanhu kuvaka nzanga yakanaka . ngaararame Chile! kurarama vanhu Long! ngaararame vashandi! ".

Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, vapanduki yakazivisa kuti Allende vakazviuraya, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ezvinhu rufu rwake vachiri kukurukurwa nenyanzvi. Asati afa, akanga mifananidzo kanoverengeka aine pfuti AK-47, chipo chinobva Fidel Castro. Uye akaramba nokusingaperi kuyeuka Chilean vanhu, Salvador Allende, pikicha iyo kunoratidzwa pamusoro. President, kwete kukotamira vapanduki.