American injiniya uye muvambi Robert Fulton: Biography, zvakawanikwa uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Robert Fulton - mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru mazita dzazvino. Chakaona dzinonakidza zviitiko zvizhinji, bato yokurwa, muvambi uye musayendisiti. Zvinogona Pamazita refu yokukosha unhu munhu uyu, asi zvingava nani kugadzirisa zvinokonzerwa kuti kuruboshwe kuvazukuru Robert Fulton?

Biography

Uduku ramangwana muvambi kwakaitika America. Date yokuzvarwa - 1765. Place aberekwa - guta Little Britain. Baba Robert akafa apo mukomana akanga matatu okuberekwa. Robert nemhuri yake vaifanira kutama pedyo mai vake - mutaundi duku Lancaster. Ikoko, Robert Fulton akatanga chikoro.

Education iyoyo akasiya zvakawanda anodikamwa. Vadzidzi zvakapiwa mumusoro refu zvidimbu mabasa echiGiriki uye Roman, inotiudza upenyu kunyika kure European pamusoro - haina anomirirwa ramangwana yacho vakatanga kufarira zvishoma. Where zvingangoita kupedza nguva tsaru mupfuri shopu pamupendero muguta, rummaging kuburikidza zviridzwa Artisan kuunganidza trinkets. Nechekare pazera gumi akaita yake yokutanga zvekushandisa kudhirowa, uye gare gare ake yokunyora nokudhirowa mvura pasi nenyika yokutanga chiutsi-vachiwana chikepe.

Ndapedza chikoro, Robert Fulton anoedza pachake ari zvishongo mubhizimisi. Akabva akaedza kuva draftsman. Achiziva kuti akanga asina ruzivo, akasarudza rwendo rurefu kuenda kuEngland - guta guru kwesayenzi zvakagadzirwa. Zviri pano kuti zvose yakaitwa Robert Fulton, zviri kutanga kutora chaiye kuoneka - zviroto dzikava chokwadi.

Garai England

Robert Fulton aigara Benjamin West - imwe yakakurumbira vemifananidzo nguva. Haana kusiya hope dzake kuti gungwa ngarava ine injini vangasimudzira itsva - hapana zvikwasviso uye hapana mhepo. Pakupedzisira, basa akasikwa. Kuswedera chikepe chokutanga rave vakabvuma Hurumende muEngland 1793.

Muna 1797 akatamira Paris, apo akaramba kushanda kuvamba rake kuti kuchengeta zita rake - Robert Fulton. Biography of muvambi zvinoraira yakazara nguva hwake. In Paris, Fulton kudzidza chiGerman uye French, huchavandudzika kwavo ruzivo pachavo wekemisitiri engineering masvomhu. Pano akasangana naye Dzheymsom Ramzi Chirungu muvambi uyo muna 1786 akavaka kumumvuri rokutanga steamboat muna West Virginia.

Kurambwa hwomukova

By Franklin ndezvokuti, ake zvakawanikwa kwainzi chero paangodira, maturo toyi. Admiralty yataura kuti haisi kuenda mari mune mukurumbira vasiri aripo chikepe. Mwoyo Robert Fulton pamwe mabasa avo vari kuenda France apo akanga atofa pasi chimurenga, Napoleon akasvika simba 1. Pamwe France vanoda kuti mabasa matsva?

Robert Fulton uye Napoleon

The manotsi kuti Count Mirabeau, pane kududzwa musangano American muvambi pamwe Napoleon. Robert Fulton, muvambi muchikepe, akabayira Kesari kuFrance muzadze zvikepe nezvikepe itsva, izvo zvaizoita zvakatanga achishandisa chiutsi. Akakurudzira mambo, kuti vane michina hondo yakadaro Napoleon 1 nokukurumidza Unokunda ake perennial aikwikwidza - France.

Pashure kuteerera muvambi, Napoleon akati:

- Zuva nezuva, ndakaisa patafura yaityisa mabasa uye wekuvamba zvakawanda benzi kuti hazvibviri. Just zuro, Ndakapiwa nyika pamahombekombe England emauto, akatasva ruoko Dolphins. Enda kure - Zvimwe uri mumwe wevaya kupenga!

Zvinofadza kuti masere chete makore gare gare, ngarava Chirungu "Bellerophon" Napoleon rezvipfuwo nzvimbo kuutapwa yake yokutanga - pachitsuwa St. Helena .. In megungwa chikepe akasangana Chirungu steamer "Fulton" kuti zvinofamba tichibatsirwa chiutsi injini.

Steamer ndokuwana "Bellerophon" uye yakanyangarika pamusoro jengachenga. Paakanga vakatarisa American chikepe, Napoleon wacho kuti:

- Kwete kuteerera Fulton, ndakafirwa korona yangu.

Ngarava okutanga

Panguva ino, Fulton ari kutsvaka Sponsors pakuvaka zvikepe yokutanga pamwe chiutsi michini, muna 1800 ari yepasi pemvura "Nautilus", kukunda hwomoyo vaiona zvakaratidzwa France. Asi zvinangwa zvechiuto "Nautilus" kusina kunaka, zvakanga kunonoka, uye vakatsanya chaienda Dodge nyore muvengi yepasi pemvura. Humwe kuvaka ngarava yakanga yakaturikwa, uye kukosha Ngarava dzepasi pemvura yakanga yavose sezvavakatarirwa chete makore zana pashure - panguva World War First. Zvichida akafuridzirwa nengarava ichi kwemakore akawanda pashure Verne kunyora ake asingafi "Captain the nemo". Muna 1803, mvura Seine crisscrossing yacho steamer wokutanga. Asi pamwero mukuru Kugadzirwa ichiripo kwete nguva yakakwana uye mari. Uye Robert Fulton anosarudza kudzokera America.

gungwa Kukunda

In America, Robert Fulton, makore mashoma kupedzerwa kuvandudzika kuti vhiri Motors misimboti yokushanda chiutsi-dzinofambiswa. Makore matatu gare gare, pashure achidzokera kumusha kwake mukupera muzhizha 1807 ari steamboat wokutanga kwakatangwa pamusoro pemvura Hudson. panguva yake akamuti "steamer Northern Nzizi Claremont," asi munhau zvinyorwa, anonzi "Claremont". Kutaura zvazviri, Claremont - zita wemunda vamwe Fulton, yaiva muna 177 chete kubva New York. The ndege yokutanga, "North River" rakaitirwa pamusoro Hudson, kubva "Clermont-New York." Nechokwadi hupfumi zvinogona kuvamba ake, Fulton patented ake yakawanikwa uye akagadzirisa kusunungurwa zvikepe muUnited States.

Steamboats muRussia

Muna 1813 Fulton akabvunza hurumende yeRussia kutipa zvakakwana kodzero kuti kuvaka rwizi steamers pamusoro munharaunda Russian Empire. Emperor Alexander 1 vamupa zvakafanira kodzero dzose, asi kuti tongai hurongwa Hurumende Fulton uye vakasagona. Kwemakore matatu hapana chikepe haina kwakatangwa. Pashure pokufa muvambi anotambura muna 1815 kuti kuvaka ngarava akatenga Charles Byrd, uyo mugore iroro yakatanga chikepe yawo chiutsi-vachiwana wokutanga. of chiitiko nyaya yakabudiswa "Mwanakomana Yababa" magazini. Pane akanga wokutanga kushandisa shoko "chikepe", iro kwapera kuva chikamu mutauro ano Russian.