Ammonium munyu - nzira gadziriro, shandisa ari National upfumi

The makemikari ose NH4 + hworatidza pacharo somunhu singly mhosva yakanaka alkali simbi nokuo- nga. Kana kuwadzana anions pakati acidic zvinhu zviri kuumbwa crystalline mamiriro C - Salt Ammonium nitrate NH4N03, NH4C1 chloride, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, iyo ine mashoko iine acid anion uye Ammonium boka.

Ammonium munyu vakawana panguva yacho neutralization maitiro, kunoitika munguva zvakaitwa amoniya ane acid.

Ammonium munyu, zvakadai, pfungwa, vazhinji alkali simbi anogona dissociate (rwakakamukana cations uye anions) mu aqueous mhinduro pamusoro ions: Ammonium munyu, sezvo alkali simbi munyu dissociate kupinda ions:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

Panguva kudziyisa, yakaoma Ammonium munyu vari yaora kupinda amoniya uye asidhi; Izvi anonzi chafariz dissociation.

The akaumba asidhi (semuenzaniso, hydrochloric acid) pamwe NH3 runopwa uye pamusoro kutonhora anotsinga pamwe amoniya uye munyu inotengwa. Zvinofanira akati kuti zvinokwanisika uye zvichiitika reversible manyowa:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

Saka, Ammonium chloride sublimes kana neshungu, asi pashure penguva pamusoro chubhu zvakare rinowanika chena unhani kuti Ammonium chloride. Somugumisiro, paumbwe asiri akadaro asidhi munyu, semuenzaniso, (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes panguva muchidziisa NH3 chete, uye asidhi anoramba. Izvi anonzi kusingarapiki manyowa.

All munyu Ammonium vari nyore yaora ne alkalis (pamwe kudziyisa) kusunungura amoniya:

NH4 + + OH -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

Izvi zvakaitwa rinoshandiswa nokuda kuziva miedzo fetiraiza ane Ammonium muchimiro senitrogen.

In zvakaitwa Ammonium carbonate pamwe chicherwa uye Organic acids yakabudiswa carbon dioxide. In zvakaitwa Ammonium sulfate kana chloride pamwe AgNO3 kana BaCl akaumba precipitates chinoratidza chena ruvara.

Ammonium munyu: Mienzaniso

Ammonium munyu zvinowanzoshandiswa kurima. Uyu rakanakisisa mashoko chicherwa dzichifura zvinomera (semuenzaniso, Ammonium sulfate - (NH4) 2S04). Sezvazvakanyorwa anozivikanwa Nitrogen miti inogona kupinza chete akasungwa chimiro (NO3, NH4). Naizvozvo, kuti senitrogen yeimwe dzinobudirira chaizvo. Zvikuru ndiye Ammonium nitrate iyo unotora Ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3- senitrogen.

Uye Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, anozivikanwa pasi mazita MAP NH4H2P04 uye diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2NR04 ane mbiri zvine maatomu akafanana zviri chirimwa muviri - Nitrogen uye phosphorus. Ammonium munyu dziri vakavhengana fetiraiza.

Kana amoniya ikasakendenga pamwe kabhoni oxide (IV) akanga synthesized urea kana urea NH2-CO-NH2.

Ammonium chloride (NH4C1) kana Ammonium chloride zvinoshandiswa masero electrochemical, mune värjäys uye sittsepechatanii, tinning uye pokunamatidza. Kunyorera nharo huru simbi, amoniya iri yaora kupinda rehydrogen chloride uye amoniya. Hydrochloric asidhi ikasakendenga pamwe oxide, kusvibisa chicherwa pamusoro, sezvamakaropafadzwa yainge munyu aumbwa.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kune vakachenesa pamusoro zvakanaka inoomerera solder. NH4NO3 (Ammonium nitrate) pamwe kabhoni uye aruminiyamu munyu ndiwo chikamu putika - ammonal. yeimwe izvi zvinoshandiswa kukura pamatombo. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) inowanzoshandiswa zvokudya uye confectionery indasitiri. remubatanidzwa ichi rinoshandiswawo sezvo zvisaora kuti rakasiyana-siyana zvokudya. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi ane ehupfumi inobatsira mhanyisa ichiibvira.

Qualitative maitiro pamwe Ammonium munyu. Kana neshungu, asi Ammonium munyu akaumbwa alkali mhinduro pamusoro Ammonium hydroxide, riri wakanamatira pamwe nokubudiswa amoniya.

Kuvapo amoniya kuyerwa ne yakananga kwakanaka uye ruvara pepa zviratidzo. Nokuti kuita ichi kuita zvakakodzera kutora 1.0 cm3 Ammonium munyu akawedzera 0.5 cm3 mhinduro kubva yavaibvisa hydroxide nokupisa. Munguva kudziyisa muitiro, amoniya asunungurwa, mamirire kwakanaka aumbwa, kutsuka yebhuruu litmus.